CN113462856B - Heat treatment method for improving toughness of steel casting of middle trough ledge of scraper conveyor - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for improving toughness of steel casting of middle trough ledge of scraper conveyor Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat treatment method for improving the toughness of a ledge cast steel piece of a middle trough of a scraper conveyor, which comprises the steps of heating the ledge cast steel along with a furnace to 850-870 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1 h, then heating to 890-910 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5-3 h, and then quenching with water; immediately preserving the temperature for 2.5-3 h at 270-290 ℃ and cooling in air. The ledge cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.20 to 0.25; si: 0.40 to 0.55; mn: 1.7 to 1.9; p: less than or equal to 0.03; s: less than or equal to 0.03; cr: 0.4 to 0.6; mo: 0.3 to 0.5; al: less than or equal to 0.05; RE rare earth: 0.01; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The process realizes the optimal matching of the strength, the plastic toughness, the hardness and the wear resistance of the ledge material, reduces the welding crack risk of the ledge cast steel, prolongs the service life of the ledge cast steel, and saves the maintenance cost and the production time of the ledge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of steel castings, in particular to a short-process heat treatment method for graded solution quenching and immediate low-temperature tempering, which can greatly improve the toughness of a steel casting of a ledge of a middle trough of a scraper conveyor.
Background
Scraper conveyors are the most prominent transport equipment in coal mining processes. The middle groove is one of the main parts with the largest abrasion loss and use amount, bears complex working conditions such as pressure, friction, impact and the like in the mining process, and is required to have high strength, high toughness, good wear resistance and welding performance. At present, ZG30SiMn cast steel is mostly adopted for the ledge of the middle trough in China. The traditional ZG30SiMn cast steel ledge has insufficient surface hardness, poor wear resistance and short service life. In addition, C, Si content is higher in ZG30SiMn, and carbon equivalent and cold crack sensitivity coefficient are big, and ledge and medium plate produce hot crack and welding cold crack easily in welding process, and the use of novel wear-resisting medium plate material that excels in for ledge and medium plate performance mismatch lead to the problem that the whole life-span of middle part groove reduces more and more prominent. The ZG30SiMn steel casting generally adopts normalizing refined austenite grains and uniform promoting components; then the high-temperature solid solution quenching is carried out to convert the solid solution into body centered tetragonal martensite with high strain gap solid solution carbon atoms and residual austenite, and then the high-temperature tempering is carried out to carry out quenching and tempering to realize the dispersion distribution of fine carbides on a ferrite matrix, form tempered martensite and reduce the residual internal stress in the structure. After normalizing and quenching and tempering, the tensile strength is generally 720MPa, the elongation after fracture is 10 percent, and the hardness is 220-280 HBW.
The existing method for improving the mechanical property of ZG30SiMn cast steel ledge materials mainly comprises the following steps: microalloying and heat treatment. The ZG30SiMnMo has tensile strength of 850-1000 MPa after quenching and tempering, elongation of more than or equal to 10% after fracture and hardness of 230-280 HBW. The No. 40 volume No. 10 of the Metal thermal treatment discloses the influence of chemical components and thermal treatment on the mechanical property of ledge cast steel, and the cast steel prepared by ZG26SiMnMoV through thermal refining has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 1000MPa and the hardness of 300-350 HBS. The CN107475619A patent application discloses 'super-hard particle enhanced sorbite mine ledge wear-resistant cast steel and a manufacturing method thereof', the wear resistance is improved by adding super-hard TiC particles into ZG30SiMnMo, the cast steel prepared by a quenching and tempering heat treatment method has the yield strength of more than or equal to 780MPa, the tensile strength of more than or equal to 860MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 8%, the room-temperature impact energy of more than or equal to 20J, the hardness of 250-280 HBW, and the wear resistance of 1.5 times that of ZG30 MnSiMo. However, the above methods still fail to achieve the best match of ledge material strength, ductility, hardness, and wear resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a heat treatment method for a middle trough ledge steel casting of a scraper conveyor.
The austenitizing temperature and time of the steel casting are critical. The lower austenitizing temperature or the shorter austenitizing time can cause that the carbide particles can not be completely dissolved or the dissolved carbon elements are not uniformly distributed, so that the formed martensite has insufficient hardness, too high residual austenite content, large size, and poor strength and plasticity and toughness of the material. The conventional ledge cast steel needs to be heated to high temperature twice and kept warm for a long time during normalizing and quenching heat treatment. Due to the overhigh austenitizing temperature and the prolonged heating time, austenite grains are coarse, so that the number of martensite nuclei is reduced in the quenching process, and the formed martensite grains are coarse; the retained austenite amount is increased and the coarse austenite grains are more unstable, and the tendency to transform to martensite at the time of the subsequent welding processing and use is increased, whereby the volume expansion occurs to generate internal stress, resulting in cold cracking. In addition, the high-temperature tempering conventionally employed leads to the formation and aggregation of coarse carbide particles, which drastically reduces the impact toughness of the cast steel.
Therefore, the method adopts the method of graded solution quenching and immediate tempering to replace the prior heat treatment mode of normalizing, quenching and tempering for quenching and tempering, and realizes uniform components, grain refinement, carbide precipitation control and fine lath martensite and a small amount of residual austenite structure by the method of graded short-time solution treatment and quenching; through immediate tempering, partial carbon elements are precipitated from the supersaturated martensite and diffused into the residual austenite to stabilize the austenite, thereby achieving the purpose of greatly improving the strength and the plastic toughness of the cast steel. The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a heat treatment method for improving the toughness of a steel casting of a ledge of a groove in the middle of a scraper conveyor specifically comprises the following steps: carrying out graded solid solution and quenching on the ledge steel casting at the temperatures of 850-870 ℃ and 890-910 ℃, and immediately carrying out tempering at the temperature of 270-290 ℃.
Further, the step-by-step solid solution and quenching process comprises the steps of placing the ledge steel casting in a heat treatment furnace, heating the temperature to 850-870 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 5-10 ℃ per minute from room temperature, preserving the temperature for 0.5-1 hour, heating the temperature to 890-910 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃ per minute, preserving the temperature for 2.5-3 hours, taking out a sample, and performing water quenching.
Further, the 'tempering' process is that the quenched sample is immediately placed in a heat treatment furnace at 270-290 ℃, heat preservation is carried out for 2.5-3 hours, and the sample is taken out for air cooling.
Further, the ledge steel casting contains C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo and Al, and the mass percentage of each element is C: 0.20 to 0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.55%, Mn: 1.7-1.9%, P: less than or equal to 0.03%, S: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Cr: 0.4-0.6%, Mo: 0.3-0.5%, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, RE rare earth: 0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The cast steel used in the invention is different from the conventional ZG30SiMn medium carbon manganese low alloy steel, has lower C content and slightly higher Si content, increases alloy elements such as Cr, Mo, Al and the like, and has the functions of preventing carbide particles from aggregating, refining austenite grains and improving the corrosion resistance of the cast steel while improving the hardenability of the cast steel.
Heating the steel casting along with a furnace (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min) to 860 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 1 hour to complete the crystal structure transformation from ferrite to austenite, the full dissolution of cementite particles and the uniform distribution of carbon elements; and continuously heating (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min) to 900 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 3 hours to further completely dissolve the unfused gold carbide into the austenite matrix and uniformly distribute carbon and other alloy elements, so that a fine and uniform austenite grain structure is obtained, and the fine lath martensite and the retained austenite structure with better stability can be obtained after quenching.
In order to ensure that the metastable austenite is completely transformed into quenched martensite, a water quenching mode is selected for quenching. During the quenching process, when the amount of quenched martensite is increased, the metastable martensite has extremely high brittleness and risks of potential cracking, and the metastable martensite also has different degrees of changes of crystal structure and the like with time under the room temperature condition, so that immediate tempering is needed. The low-temperature tempering is finished after the heat preservation for 3 hours at 280 ℃, the residual internal stress in the quenched workpiece is eliminated, and the quenching is realized simultaneouslyCarbon diffusion between the cementite and the retained austenite. At a value between MSAnd MfThe temperature is kept, and the high-concentration silicon can prevent supersaturated carbon in martensite from forming cementite. Therefore, the excessive carbon in the martensite is diffused into the face-centered cubic retained austenite with a higher carbon-soluble amount, and cooling to room temperature can obtain more stable carbon-rich austenite.
The heat treatment process of the ledge steel casting adopts a furnace temperature rise mode to heat the casting, a graded solution and quenching mode to quench and an immediate low-temperature tempering mode to temper, the tensile strength of the ledge steel casting obtained by the method reaches over 1506MPa, the elongation after fracture reaches over 20 percent, and the average hardness reaches over 534.83 HV 0.5. The ledge casting not only meets the requirements of strength and hardness, but also greatly improves the plasticity and toughness of the steel casting. The ledge steel casting processed by the method realizes the optimal matching of the ledge material strength, the plastic toughness, the hardness and the wear resistance, saves the maintenance cost and the production time of the ledge, reduces the risk of welding crack of the ledge, prolongs the service life of the ledge, and has good practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the heat treatment process of the ledge steel casting of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows the OM diagram of the high strength and toughness ledge steel casting made in example 1.
Fig. 3 shows the OM plot for the casting of comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 shows the OM plot for the casting of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, processes and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will now be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It is to be understood that the specific examples are merely illustrative of certain specific aspects, features and embodiments of the invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the heat treatment method for improving the toughness of the ledge cast steel piece of the middle trough of the scraper conveyor comprises the following steps of: 0.20 to 0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.55%, Mn: 1.7-1.9%, P: less than or equal to 0.03%, S: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Cr: 0.4 to 0.6%, Mo: 0.3-0.5%, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, RE rare earth: 0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
Example 1
A heat treatment process of a ledge steel casting comprises the following steps:
quenching: putting a cast steel sample into a heat treatment furnace from room temperature, heating the cast steel sample to 860 ℃ along with the furnace (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 1 hour, then heating to 900 ℃ (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 3 hours, and discharging and water quenching;
tempering: immediately placing the quenched cast steel sample in a heat treatment furnace at 280 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging and air cooling.
The resulting ledge castings are shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the structure of the cast steel mainly comprises fine and uniformly distributed lath martensite and austenite, the fine lath martensite provides high strength and high hardness for the ledge cast steel, and the fine and uniform austenite distributed in the fine lath martensite provides good ductility and toughness for the ledge cast steel, so that the high matching of the strength, the hardness and the ductility and toughness of the ledge cast steel is realized.
Comparative example 1
The heat treatment process of the ledge steel casting of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
quenching: placing a cast steel sample in a heat treatment furnace, heating the cast steel sample to 860 ℃ along with the furnace (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 1 hour, then heating to 900 ℃ (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging and water quenching;
tempering: immediately placing the quenched cast steel sample in a heat treatment furnace at 280 ℃, preserving heat for 6 hours, discharging and air cooling.
Comparative example 2
The heat treatment process of the ledge steel casting of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
quenching: placing a cast steel sample in a heat treatment furnace, heating the cast steel sample to 860 ℃ along with the furnace (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 1 hour, then heating to 900 ℃ (the heating rate is 5-10 ℃/min), preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging and water quenching;
tempering: and (3) standing the quenched cast steel sample in air for 5 hours, putting the cast steel sample into a heat treatment furnace at 280 ℃, preserving the heat for 3 hours, discharging the cast steel sample out of the furnace, and air cooling the cast steel sample.
The mechanical properties of the ledge castings obtained in example 1 were compared with those obtained in comparative examples 1 and 2, wherein table 1 shows the mechanical properties of the ledge castings subjected to different heat treatment processes.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of ledge castings through different heat treatment processes
As can be seen from table 1, example 1 has excellent strength, plasticity, and hardness. The comparative examples 1 and 2 are inferior to example 1 in strength because: in the comparative example 1, the tempering heat preservation time is too long, and supersaturated carbon in the martensite is precipitated in a large amount in the form of carbide particles and is agglomerated locally, so that the hardness and the strength of the tempered martensite are obviously reduced, and the strength, the plasticity and the hardness of the alloy are reduced; in the comparative example 2, the interval between the quenching process and the tempering process is too long, the interior of the ledge cast steel after quenching is a metastable martensite structure and has larger residual internal stress, and the superposition of the phase transformation and the internal stress increases the structural deformation and is easy to crack, so that the strength is reduced.
The method replaces the prior normalizing, quenching and tempering methods with the graded solution quenching and immediate tempering methods, controls the austenitizing temperature, the solution temperature, the tempering temperature and the tempering time to the maximum extent, effectively controls the distribution of carbon and alloy elements, refines austenite grains, obtains fine and uniform lath martensite and a small amount of stable residual austenite structures, and ensures that the obtained casting not only meets the requirements of strength and hardness, but also greatly improves the plastic toughness of the casting, reduces the welding crack risk and the maintenance cost of the casting, prolongs the service life of the casting, saves energy consumption, shortens the production time and obviously reduces the production cost.
The embodiments described above are only for describing the particularity of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and various modifications, equivalents and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention are intended to fall within the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Claims (4)
1. A heat treatment method for improving the toughness of a steel casting of a ledge of a groove in the middle of a scraper conveyor is characterized by comprising the following steps: quenching the ledge cast steel at 850-870 ℃ and 890-910 ℃ under graded solid solution, and then tempering at 270-290 ℃;
the ledge cast steel comprises C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo and Al, and the mass percentage of each element is C: 0.20 to 0.25%, Si: 0.40-0.55%, Mn: 1.7-1.9%, P: less than or equal to 0.03%, S: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, Cr: 0.4-0.6%, Mo: 0.3-0.5%, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, RE rare earth: 0.01%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The heat treatment method for improving the toughness of the ledge steel casting of the middle trough of the scraper conveyor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat treatment method comprises the following steps: the quenching process comprises the steps of placing the ledge cast steel in a heat treatment furnace, heating the temperature to 850-870 ℃ along with the furnace at the speed of 5-10 ℃ per minute from room temperature, preserving heat for 0.5-1 hour, then heating to 890-910 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 2.5-3 hours, and performing water quenching.
3. The heat treatment method for improving the toughness of the ledge steel casting of the middle trough of the scraper conveyor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat treatment method comprises the following steps: and the tempering process comprises the steps of immediately placing the quenched sample in a heat treatment furnace at 270-290 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5-3 hours, and cooling in air.
4. The heat treatment method for improving the toughness of the ledge steel casting of the middle trough of the scraper conveyor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the heat treatment method comprises the following steps: the ledge cast steel obtained by the method has the tensile strength of more than 1506MPa, the elongation after fracture of more than 20 percent and the average hardness of more than 534.83 HV 0.5.
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| CN106574319A (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2017-04-19 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | High-strength steel sheet and method for manufacturing same |
| EP3822382A1 (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-05-19 | JFE Steel Corporation | High-strength steel sheet and method for manufacturing same |
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