CN102423938A - 适于调节振动的复合材料 - Google Patents

适于调节振动的复合材料 Download PDF

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CN102423938A
CN102423938A CN2011102969923A CN201110296992A CN102423938A CN 102423938 A CN102423938 A CN 102423938A CN 2011102969923 A CN2011102969923 A CN 2011102969923A CN 201110296992 A CN201110296992 A CN 201110296992A CN 102423938 A CN102423938 A CN 102423938A
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handle
layer
elastomer
shore
hardness
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罗伯特·A·维托
托马斯·法洛内
卡门·迪马里奥
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Lisa E DeVito
Meites teknotherm Xu Co.
Robert.A.Vitor
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Sting Free Co
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Priority claimed from US10/346,954 external-priority patent/US20030228818A1/en
Application filed by Sting Free Co filed Critical Sting Free Co
Publication of CN102423938A publication Critical patent/CN102423938A/zh
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Abstract

本发明提供一种适于调节振动的复合材料。所述复合材料具有三个基本独立并且分开的层，包括：第一和第二弹性体层；以及设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分开的织物层，所述第一和第二弹性体层沿所述织物层的相反侧延伸，所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成，其中所述织物层包括至少一些不固定的芳族聚酰胺纤维。所述复合材料基本不含空隙，并且这些层基本独自地调节振动。所述复合材料设计用于优良的振动耗散，而不会损害人对结合所述复合材料的物件操作的能力。

Description

适于调节振动的复合材料
本发明专利申请是基于2003年6月6日提交的发明名称为“适于耗散和减轻振动的多层材料”的中国专利申请03813207.9号的分案申请。
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是一个PCT申请，要求以下四个美国专利申请的优先权：
【1】在2002年6月17日提交的美国专利申请10/178,063，因此在此结合其全文引作参考；
【2】在2002年6月7日提交的美国专利申请10/165,748，因此在此结合其全文引作参考；
【3】在2003年1月17日提交的美国专利申请10/346,954，因此在此结合其全文引作参考；
【4】在2003年2月7日提交的美国专利申请10/360,353，因此在此结合其全文引作参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适于减震的材料，并且更具体地，涉及一种多层材料，其适于耗散和均匀分布传递到材料一侧的振动。
背景技术
自行车、手工工具等运动器材的手柄经常由传递振动的木头、金属或者聚合物制成，所述振动可能造成这些物件长时间握持的不舒适性。运动器材，例如球棒、球、鞋子鞋垫和侧边，也会在冲击期间传递振动，其通常发生于运动比赛期间。这些振动在这些方面可能成为问题，即，它们可能潜在地分散选手的注意力、不利地影响表现、和/或伤害选手身体的一部分。
刚性聚合物材料一般用于为用具和运动器材提供握持柄。刚性聚合物的使用允许使用者保持对器材的控制但在减轻振动方面不是非常有效。同时已经知道更软的材料提供了更好的振动调节特性，这种材料不具备对于结合进入运动器材、手持工具、鞋子或类似物所必需的刚性。这个刚性缺乏允许了由相对于使用者手或身体的柔软材料包装的用具的非预期运动。
与过度振动的长时间或重复接触可能会伤人。避免这种伤害的要求可能在用工具工作时导致缩减的运动性能和降低的效率。
很明显，需要一种适于调节振动的多层材料，其提供了对有效振动分布所必需的刚性；其可以衰减和减轻振动的能量；并且其优选使用具有肖氏A级(Shore A)硬度(durometer)的材料，设计用于优良的振动耗散，而不会损害人对结合所述材料的物件操作的能力。
发明内容
本发明的一个具体实施方案涉及一种适于调节振动的材料。所述材料包括第一和第二弹性体层。一个织物层设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分开。所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种适于调节振动的复合材料。所述复合材料具有三个基本独立并且分开的层，其包括第一和第二弹性体层。一个织物层设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分开。所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种适于调节振动的材料。所述材料具有三个基本独立并且不同的层，其包括第一和第二弹性体层。一个织物层设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分开。所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。所述多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维的其中至少一些可以相对于所述织物层移动以允许所述第一弹性体层相对所述第二弹性体层至少产生一些运动。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种适于调节振动的复合材料。所述复合材料具有三个基本不同的层，其包括第一和第二弹性体层。一个由多个芳族聚酰胺纤维形成的层设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分隔开。所述第一弹性体层可以相对于所述第二弹性体层至少产生一些运动，以通过将振动转化为热量来耗散振动。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种适于调节振动的材料。所述材料具有两个独立的层，其包括第一弹性体层。一个织物层设置在所述第一弹性体层之上。所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种工具，其具有一个至少部分以适于调节振动的材料包围的手柄。所述工具包括一个手柄主体，其具有一个纵向部分和一个近端。所述材料包围至少一些所述手柄的纵向部分和近端。所述材料具有至少两个基本分开并且不同的层，其包括第一弹性体层和设置在所述弹性体层上的织物层。所述织物层由织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于工具的握持柄，所述工具具有一个带有近端手柄端的手柄。所述手柄包括一个管状外壳，其具有一个末端开口端并且适于环绕手柄部分，和一个适于包围手柄近端的封闭近端。所述管状外壳由适于调节振动的材料形成。所述材料具有至少两个基本分开的层。所述材料包括一个第一弹性体层和一个设置在所述弹性体层上的织物层。所述织物层由织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于工具的握持柄，所述工具具有一个带有近端手柄端的手柄。所述手柄包括一个管状外壳，其具有一个末端开口端并且适于环绕手柄部分，和一个适于包围手柄近端的封闭近端。所述管状外壳由适于调节振动的材料形成。所述材料具有至少两个基本分开的层。所述材料包括一个第一弹性体层和一个设置在所述弹性体层上由多个纤维形成的层。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于具有手柄的工具的握持柄。所述握持柄包括一个适于环绕一部分手柄的管状外壳。所述管状外壳由适于调节振动的材料形成。所述材料具有至少两个一般分开的层。所述材料包括一个第一弹性体层和一个设置在所述弹性体层上的织物层。所述织物层由织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。
附图说明
当结合附图阅读时，前述概要以及以下本发明优选实施方案的详细描述将被更好地理解。为了图解本发明，在附图中显示了目前优选的具体实施方案。然而，应该理解本发明不局限于示出的准确配置和机构。在附图中：
图1是本发明材料的优选实施方案的横截面视图；以及
图2是图1材料配置形成一个握持柄的透视图。
具体实施方式
仅仅为了方便在以下描述中使用某个术语并且不局限于此。在说明书和权利要求中使用的术语“工具”指“棒球球棒、球拍、曲棍球棒、垒球棒、运动器材、枪支或类似物的任何一个”。上述的术语包括在上面明确提到的、由其引出的以及类似含义的词语。另外，词“一个”和“一个”被解释为包括一个和多个引用物件，除非另外明确说明。
参考图1和2，其中相同的数字始终表示相同的元件，显示了一种根据本发明适于调节振动的材料的优选实施方案，一般指定为10。简要地说，本发明的材料10是一种由至少一个第一弹性体层12A和一个芳族聚酰胺纤维层14形成的多层材料。材料10可以结合入运动设备、运动器材的握持柄、工具握持柄和保护性运动设备中。更具体的，材料10可以被用于：形成用于网球拍、曲棍球棒、高尔夫球棍、棒球球棒或类似物的握持柄；形成用于露指手套、头带、头盔、手套、衬垫或类似物的保护性运动设备；形成用于自行车、摩托车或类似物的座位和手柄杆覆盖物；形成用于滑雪、滚轴溜冰或类似运动的靴子；形成鞋衬，例如鞋子鞋底和衬垫；形成用于枪支、手枪、步枪、猎枪或类似物的握持柄；并且形成用于例如锤子、钻孔机、圆锯、凿子或类似物的工具的握持柄。
第一弹性体层12A通过将机械振动能量转化为热能作为一个冲击吸收层起作用。芳族聚酰胺纤维层14改变振动能量的方向并且为材料10提供增加的硬度，以便促进使用者控制由材料10包围或部分包围的工具20的能力。
优选复合材料10具有三个基本独立并且分开的层，其包括所述第一弹性体层12A和一个第二弹性体层12B。弹性体材料通过耗散振动能量提供振动衰减。适合的弹性体材料包括，但不局限于，聚氨酯橡胶、硅酮橡胶、丁腈橡胶、丁基橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶、天然橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二炔橡胶和类似物。通常，任何适合的弹性体材料均可用于形成所述第一和第二弹性体层，而不会背离本发明的范围。
弹性体层的柔软度可以使用肖氏A级硬度等级(Shore A durometerratings)被量化。一般而言，硬度等级越低，材料越软并且在吸收和耗散振动方面弹性体层越有效，因为更少的力穿过所述弹性体。当柔软弹性体材料被挤压时，个人的手指被嵌入所述弹性体中，其提高了与使用者手之间的接触面积并且在材料外侧表面中产生了不规则性，以允许使用者紧紧握持住由所述材料包覆或者部分包覆的任何工具20。然而，弹性体层12A、12B越软，则使用者在操作由所述弹性体包覆的工具20时具有更少的控制。如果所述弹性体层太软(也就是如果所述弹性体层具有太低的肖氏A级硬度等级)，那么工具20可能相对于使用者的手和脚无意识地旋转。本发明的材料10优选被设计为使用第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B，其具有这样的肖氏A级硬度等级，其提供在允许使用者精确操作和控制工具20以及在使用工具20期间有效衰减振动之间的最佳平衡。
优选的，但不是必须的，由材料10使用的所述弹性体具有在约十(10)和约八十(80)之间的肖氏A级硬度。优选第一弹性体层具有在约十(10)和约二十五(25)之间的肖氏A级硬度，并且所述第二弹性体层具有在约二十五(25)和约四十五(45)之间的肖氏A级硬度。
所述第一弹性体层12A优选用于吸收振动能量并且用于将振动能量转化为热能。所述第二弹性体层12B也用于吸收振动能量，但也提供用于使用者握持的适应和舒适的握持柄(或者提供一个用于使用者身体一部分的表面，例如当材料10被形成为鞋子衬垫时作为使用者脚下面的鞋底)。
在一个实施方案中，所述第一弹性体层12A优选具有约十五(15)的肖氏A级硬度，并且所述第二弹性体层具有约四十二(42)的肖氏A级硬度。如果所述第一和第二弹性体具有基本相同的肖氏A级硬度等级，那么优选，但不是必须的，所述第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B具有十五(15)、三十二(32)或者四十二(42)的肖氏A级硬度。
所述纤维层14优选，但不是必须，由芳族聚酰胺纤维形成。所述纤维可以被织造以形成一个织物层16，其设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B之间并且将它们基本分开。所述织物层16可以由芳族聚酰胺纤维或者其它类型的纤维形成。所述织物层16优选基本分开所述第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B，使材料10具有三个基本不同并且分开的层12A、12B、14。所述芳族聚酰胺纤维层14阻碍并重定向穿过一个弹性体层12A或12B的振动能量以促进振动耗散。所述芳族聚酰胺纤维18沿着纤维18的长度方向重定向振动能量。因此，当多个芳族聚酰胺纤维18被织造以形成所述的织物层16时，从工具20发出的没有被所述第一弹性体层12A吸收或耗散的振动能量由所述织物层16被沿着材料10重新均匀分布，并且由所述第二弹性体层12B被进一步耗散。
优选所述芳族聚酰胺纤维18由具有高阻伸长特性的高抗张强度适当聚酰胺纤维形成。然而，本领域普通技术人员从这个描述中将理解任何适合传递振动的聚酰胺纤维可以被用于形成所述的聚酰胺纤维层14，而不会背离本发明的范围。另外，本领域普通技术人员从这个描述将理解稀松的聚酰胺纤维或者斩碎的聚酰胺纤维可以被用于形成所述的聚酰胺纤维层14，而不会背离本发明的范围。所述聚酰胺纤维也可以由玻璃纤维形成。
当所述聚酰胺纤维18被织造以形成一个织物层16时，优选所述织物层16包括至少一些未结合在一起的聚酰胺纤维18。就是说，优选多个聚酰胺纤维18的至少一些可以相对于所述织物层16的剩余聚酰胺纤维18移动。一些聚酰胺纤维18的这个运动允许在所述第一弹性体层12A和所述第二弹性体层12B之间至少产生一些运动。所述第一弹性体层12A相对于所述第二弹性体层12B的这个运动将振动能量转化为热能。通过将所述第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B仅仅在不连续位置处连接，而不是沿着一个共同的分界面连续连接，这种运动优选的被促进。在所述第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B之间在不连续位置处的这个不连续接触导致了所述弹性体层12A、12B互相相对运动并且进一步耗散振动。
本领域普通技术人员从这个描述将理解所述材料10可以由两个独立的层形成，而不会背离本发明的范围。因此，所述材料10可以由一个第一弹性体层12A和一个设置在所述第一弹性体12A上的芳族聚酰胺纤维层14(其可以被织造成织物层16)形成。
所述材料10可以被配置并适于形成一个用于鞋子的衬垫。当所述材料10被配置为形成一个鞋子衬垫时，所述材料10优选适于沿着鞋子的内表面从靠近鞋跟的位置延伸到鞋子足尖处。除了形成一个鞋子衬垫以外，所述材料10可以沿着鞋子的侧边设置，以保护穿着者的脚免于侧部冲击。
所述材料10可以被配置并适于形成一个用于例如球棒的工具的握持柄22，其具有手柄24和近端26(也就是，靠近所述球棒通常被握持处的末端)。所述材料10优选适于包围手柄24的一部分并且适于包围球棒或工具20的近端26。如在图2中所清楚显示的，优选握持柄22被形成为一个单体，其完全包围所述工具20的近端。所述材料10也可以被配置并适于形成一个用于网球球拍或类似工具20的握持柄22，其具有一个手柄24和一个近端26。
虽然握持柄22在下文中将结合棒球或垒球球棒描述，本领域普通技术人员将理解握持柄22可以由上述的任何设备、工具或装置所使用，而不会背离本发明的范围。
当握持柄22由棒球或垒球球棒使用时，所述握持柄22优选包覆球棒手柄约十七(17)英寸，并且包覆球棒的捏手(knob)(也就是工具20的近端26)。延伸越过球棒长度大部分的握持柄22的外形有助于促进振动衰减。优选，但不是必须的，握持柄22被形成为一个单独、连续、整体的元件。
棒球球棒(或工具20)具有一个手柄24，其包括一个具有纵向部分30和近端26的手柄主体28。所述材料10优选包围手柄24至少一些的纵向部分30和近端26。所述材料10可以被制成合成材料，其具有两个基本分开并且不同的层，其包括一个第一弹性体层12A和一个设置在所述弹性体层12A上的芳族聚酰胺纤维层14(其可以为织造芳族聚酰胺织物层16)。所述芳族聚酰胺纤维14优选由织造芳族聚酰胺纤维18形成。所述第二弹性体层12B可以设置在芳族聚酰胺纤维层14与所述第一弹性体层12A相对的主要表面上。
如在图2中最好显示的，一个优选握持柄22适合由一个具有手柄和近端手柄端的工具20使用。所述握持柄22包括一个管状外壳32，其具有一个适于环绕所述手柄的一部分的远端开口端34，和一个适于封闭所述手柄近端的封闭近端36。所述管状外壳32优选由耗散振动的所述材料10形成。所述材料10优选具有至少两个基本分开的层，其包括一个第一弹性体层12A和一个设置在所述第一弹性体层12A上的芳族聚酰胺纤维层14(其纤维18可以被织造以形成一个织物层16)。
可以使用多种方法以生产本发明的复合材料或多层材料10。一种方法是挤出所述材料，通过从进给辊牵拉一个芳族聚酰胺纤维织物层16，同时在所述织造芳族聚酰胺纤维织物层16的两侧上放置所述的第一和第二弹性体层12A、12B。生产本发明材料10的第二种方法是将所述第一弹性体层12A模制到所述工具20上，然后在其上织造一个芳族聚酰胺纤维层，并且然后在其上模制所述的第二弹性体层12B。可替换的，织物层16可以被压紧配合到弹性体层以形成所述的材料10。本领域普通技术人员从这个描述将理解生产复合材料和多层材料的任何已知的方法可以被用于形成所述材料10。
工具20的近端由握持柄22的包覆导致了减少的振动传递，并通过移动工具20的质量中心更接近使用者的手(就是说更接近于近端26)导致了工具20远端的提高的平衡能力。这点促进了工具20的摆动并且可以提高运动性能，同时减少与重复运动相关的疲劳。
本领域技术人员认识到可以对本发明的上述具体实施方案作出改变，而不会背离其范围。例如，所述材料10可以包括另外的层(例如，五层或更多层)，而不会背离本发明要求的范围。因此，应该理解本发明不局限于描述的具体实施方案，而应该覆盖所有落入由附上权利要求限定和/或在附图中显示的本发明精神和范围中的改变。

Claims (15)

1.一种适于调节振动的复合材料，所述复合材料具有三个基本独立并且分开的层，包括：
第一和第二弹性体层；以及
设置在所述第一和第二弹性体层之间并且将它们基本分开的织物层，所述第一和第二弹性体层沿所述织物层的相反侧延伸，所述织物层由多个织造芳族聚酰胺纤维形成，
其中所述织物层包括至少一些不固定的芳族聚酰胺纤维。
2.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述第一弹性体层具有在约十(10)和约二十五(25)之间的肖氏A级硬度，并且所述第二弹性体层具有在约二十五(25)和约四十五(45)之间的肖氏A级硬度。
3.如权利要求2所述的材料，其中所述第一弹性体层具有约十五(15)的肖氏A级硬度，并且所述第二弹性体层具有约四十二(42)的肖氏A级硬度。
4.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述织物层将所述第一和第二弹性体层基本分开，使得材料具有三个基本不同并且分开的层。
5.如权利要求4所述的材料，其中所述第一和第二弹性体层具有约四十二(42)的肖氏A级硬度。
6.如权利要求4所述的材料，其中所述第一和第二弹性体层具有约十五(15)的肖氏A级硬度。
7.如权利要求4所述的材料，其中所述第一和第二弹性体层具有约三十二(32)的肖氏A级硬度。
8.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述材料被配置并且适于形成一个用于球棒的握持柄，该球棒具有一个手柄端和一个近端，所述材料适于包围手柄的一部分并且适于包围所述球棒的近端。
9.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述材料被配置并且适于形成一个用于网球拍的握持柄，该网球拍具有一个手柄端和一个近端，所述材料适于包围手柄的一部分并且适于包围所述网球拍的近端。
10.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述材料被配置并且适于形成一个用于工具的握持柄，该工具具有一个手柄端和一个近端，所述材料适于包围手柄的一部分并且适于包围所述工具的近端。
11.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述材料被配置并且适于形成一个用于鞋子的衬垫，所述材料适于沿着鞋子的内表面从接近鞋跟的位置延伸到鞋子的足尖处。
12.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述多个芳族聚酰胺纤维的至少一些可以相对于所述织物层的剩余芳族聚酰胺纤维移动。
13.如权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述第一弹性体层的至少一部分相对于所述第二弹性体层是可移动的，以便将振动能转化为热能。
14.如权利要求1所述的材料，其被形成为用于工具的握持柄，所述工具具有一个带有近端手柄端的手柄，
所述握持柄限定：管状外壳，其具有适于环绕所述手柄的一部分的远端开口端，和适于包围所述手柄近端的封闭近端。
15.如权利要求14所述的材料，其中所述的握持柄是单独、连续的元件。
CN2011102969923A 2002-06-07 2003-06-06 适于调节振动的复合材料 Pending CN102423938A (zh)

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US10/173,063 2002-06-01
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US10/165,748 US20030228816A1 (en) 2002-06-07 2002-06-07 Multi-layer material adapted to dissipate and reduce vibrations
US10/173,063 US20030228817A1 (en) 2002-06-07 2002-06-17 Material adapted to dissipate and reduce vibrations and method of making same
US10/346,954 2003-01-01
US10/346,954 US20030228818A1 (en) 2002-06-07 2003-01-17 Material adapted to dissipate and reduce vibrations and method of making same
US10/360,353 2003-02-07
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