CN102419309B - 一种检测重质渣油稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

一种检测重质渣油稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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CN102419309B
CN102419309B CN 201110231630 CN201110231630A CN102419309B CN 102419309 B CN102419309 B CN 102419309B CN 201110231630 CN201110231630 CN 201110231630 CN 201110231630 A CN201110231630 A CN 201110231630A CN 102419309 B CN102419309 B CN 102419309B
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王宗贤
郭爱军
刘�东
沐宝泉
张蕾蕾
付兴国
于志敏
侯经纬
赵广辉
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China University of Petroleum East China
China Petroleum and Natural Gas Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种评价重质渣油稳定性的方法;将重质渣油样品与甲苯按质量1∶9比例混合,按体积比0.5~3∶10的比例向静置后的重质渣油样品和甲苯的混合溶液中加入正庚烷,剧烈摇动几秒,迅速倒入干燥洁净的比色皿中,加盖;用紫外分光光度计进行扫描,测定溶液的透光率;选用波长为740nm的紫外可见光作为扫描光谱;将得到的透光率值采用公式(1)处理,HRS-稳定性数值,Ti-单次扫描的透光率,
Figure DDA0000082924200000011
-扫描的平均透光率,n-扫描的次数;上面的数值越大,则环境发生变化时油品的胶体结构越稳定;实验操作难度小,利于现场工作人员使用,能给油品加工提供一定的指导。

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一种检测重质渣油稳定性的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种评价重质渣油稳定性的方法。
背景技术
现今普遍认为石油是一种胶体结构,即沥青质作为胶核,芳香分、胶质对其有保护作用,饱和分对其稳定结构起破坏作用。稠油、渣油的稳定性会影响后续石油加工,并有可能会对后续生产带来麻烦,如沥青质过多地聚结和沉积,会从油品中分离出来生成第二液相,并进一步生焦,会造成催化剂失活、管路堵塞,给生产加工造成很大困难等。
一般渣油、稠油会很好的溶于有极性的甲苯,而不能溶于没有极性的小分子正构烷烃。基于这一现象,对于油品的稳定性研究集中在利用溶解性及溶解过程或是聚沉过程而引起的物理化学现象上。油品稳定性测定方法有很多,前人采用光学、电学、超声波、界面张力、粘度等方法对该问题进行了多方面的研究,例如张龙力等在前人电导率法研究成果上采用的质量分数电导率方法。他发现在油品中加入正庚烷过程中,刚开始由于粘度降低,电导率会出现上升趋势,到了一定程度由于体系中沥青质会逐渐聚集、絮凝,带电粒子增大,带电颗粒粒度也增大,粘度的下降不如带电颗粒絮凝来的更快,就会随之出现下降。实验采用质量分数电导率达到最大值时正庚烷/油样的质量比作为稳定性参数。
在油样-甲苯溶液中加入正庚烷时,溶液的电导率由于稀释作用会上升,当正庚烷加入到一定程度时,沥青质会聚集起来,颗粒增大,溶液散射作用增强,从而造成透光率的下降。相关实验研究将这种正庚烷浓度导致的溶液透光率突变点作为评价油品稳定性的依据。
S值法是一种相分离测定方法,基于油样-甲苯体系中加入大量小分子正构烷烃后,透光率会因为沥青质的沉积而增加的原理。当该体系中加入大量正庚烷时,先进行几秒钟的剧烈充分摇匀,以便保证溶液中正庚烷与油样-甲苯体系充分接触,后面实验中不会因为溶液不是均匀的而造成透光率的变化。稳定性不足够好的油样在短时间内会发生沥青质的沉积,从而造成透光率的较大变化,稳定性充分好的溶液则可能根本不会变化,稳定性一般的则介于中间。一般来说,通过这个方法得出来的数值越大,则油品就越倾向于不稳定。该方法区别于前面方法的不同之处在于是包含了溶液发生沥青质聚沉之后,溶液开始变得不稳定的一方面。后面的试验方法就是基于该方法做的改进,由于该方法对仪器要求比较高,费用比较昂贵,另外采用的波段不见得适合国内加工油品的需求。下面对改进后的方法进行阐述。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种评价重质渣油稳定性的方法,解决重质油稳定性测定的问题。
本发明的目的是通过如下的试验方法改进的:
稳定状态下溶液的透光率应该是基本不变的,当溶液变稀或是溶液中出现相分离的情况时,透光率会随之发生波动。实验采用紫外分光光度计对这种透光率随时间的变化情况进行监测,并通过量化实现对渣油稳定性的评价。
本发明具体的操作过程为:
(1)将重质渣油样品与甲苯按质量1:9比例混合,在110℃恒温油浴锅中回流2h,使甲苯充分溶解油样和其中的沥青质,静置1h;
(2)按体积比0.5~3:10的比例向静置后的重质渣油样品和甲苯的混合溶液中加入正庚烷,剧烈摇动几秒,迅速倒入干燥洁净的比色皿中,加盖;
(3)将步骤(2)配好的试样用紫外分光光度计进行扫描,测定特定波长处溶液的透光率;选用特定波长为740nm的紫外可见光作为扫描光谱;
(4)将得到的透光率值采用公式(1)处理:
HRS = n - 1 Σ i = 1 n ( T i - T ‾ ) 2 - - - ( 1 )
HRS-稳定性数值,Ti-单次扫描的透光率,T-扫描的平均透光率,n-扫描的次数;上面的数值越大,则环境发生变化时油品的胶体结构越稳定。
上面的数值越大,则环境发生变化时油品的胶体结构越难以受到破坏。同时对于同一种油来说,这种方法也可以用来评价沥青质沉淀抑制剂的效果以及搀兑其他油品时稳定性情况的变化。
综上所述,本发明的优点在于:
仪器相对于其他稳定性测定方法使用到的仪器,使用范围广,易于采买,一般的油品分析室或者是其他类型的分析化验室大多有此类紫外分光光度计的使用。实验操作难度小,稍加练习就能迅速掌握实验操作,利于现场工作人员使用,给油品加工提供一定的指导性。
具体实施方式
由于试样中沥青质受到了周围环境的保护,正庚烷的加入并不能够马上造成沥青质的沉淀。一段时间后(大概为几秒的时间),油样中沥青质开始受到正庚烷的作用而发生沉淀,体现在透光率上就是固定波长的透光率刚开始并没有过大波动,过了一段时间之后才开始发生剧烈变化。
本发明以如下实施例和对比例来进行说明:
实施例1:
为考察该试验方法的效果,实验采用了渣油B、渣油C、渣油D、渣油E进行实验,油浴温度设为110℃,回流时间为2小时,静置1小时,将试样倒入比色皿中,加盖,用Cary-50紫外分光光度计扫描,每隔30s扫描一次,连续扫描15min。将得到的透光率值采用公式(1)处理。实验结果见表1。
表1四种渣油稳定性HRS数值
Figure GDA00002552838000041
对比例1:采用S值法所述渣油分散方式进行实验及数据处理,对比研究得到结果见表2。
表2四种渣油稳定性S数值
Figure GDA00002552838000042
采用本专利所述方法数据对比度更大,更易于分辨稳定性相近的渣油。

Claims (1)

1.一种检测重质渣油稳定性的方法,其特征在于:
(1)将重质渣油样品与甲苯按质量1:9比例混合,在110℃恒温油浴锅中回流2h,使甲苯充分溶解油样和其中的沥青质,静置1h;
(2)按体积比0.5~3:10的比例向静置后的重质渣油样品和甲苯的混合溶液中加入正庚烷,剧烈摇动几秒,迅速倒入干燥洁净的比色皿中,加盖;
(3)将步骤(2)配好的试样用紫外分光光度计进行扫描,测定特定波长处溶液的透光率;选用特定波长为740nm的紫外可见光作为扫描光谱,连续扫描多次;
(4)将得到的透光率值采用公式(1)处理:
HRS = n - 1 Σ i = 1 n ( T i - T ‾ ) 2 - - - ( 1 )
HRS-稳定性数值,Ti-单次扫描的透光率,
Figure FDA00002552837900012
-扫描的平均透光率,n-扫描的次数;上面的HRS数值越大,则环境发生变化时油品的胶体结构越稳定。
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CN105954285A (zh) * 2016-05-23 2016-09-21 中国石油大学(华东) 一种快速测定催化裂化油浆固含量的方法
CN107621458A (zh) * 2017-09-30 2018-01-23 威海中远造船科技有限公司 一种紫外透光率的原位在线监测方法
CN108493450A (zh) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-04 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 碳材料及以渣油为原料生成碳材料的方法以及锂电负极电极片与锂离子电池
CN111595795B (zh) * 2019-02-20 2023-01-06 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 评价重质改质油储存稳定性的方法
CN113466081A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-10-01 西北大学 一种高效测定煤焦油四组分的方法

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