CN102410054A - Engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and control system and method based on organic rankine cycle - Google Patents
Engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and control system and method based on organic rankine cycle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery and control system and method based on organic rankine cycle, and belongs to the field of energy conservation and emission reduction. In the invention, a waste heat recovery system comprises engine cycle, organic rankine cycle, cooling water cycle and lubrication oil cycle which are coupled together; by means of reasonable control, the system can be convenient to start, stable to operate and rapid to stop according to the operation of the engine under different working conditions; in case of a system failure, the system can be emergently braked; and under the condition of no influence on the normal operation of the engine, the optimal performances of the system can be obtained finally, and the utilization ratio of the engine exhaust gas waste heat is improved greatly, thus thermal pollution of the engine exhaust gas to the environment is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be mainly used in the recovery engine exhaust heat, belong to the energy-saving and emission-reduction field based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system and method.
Background technique
Correlative study shows that motor changes 30%～45% (diesel engine) or 20%～30% (petrol engine) that effective heat equivalent of work accounts for the fuel combustion heating value into.Discharge 55%～70% (diesel engine) or 70%～80% (petrol engine) that the outer energy of car accounts for the burning total energy with the used heat form.The energy that the automotive fuel burning is sent has only about 1/3rd to be used effectively, and most energy loss is then dispelled the heat and the high-temperature tail gas heat extraction through the cooling water of motor.The development and application of engine exhaust heat recovery technology still is in the starting stage at home.Along with the energy supply growing tension, energy-conservation, consumption reduction, improve energy utilization rate, more and more cause people's attention, the recovery of engine exhaust heat is an inexorable trend.
At present; Utilizing the engine exhaust heat generation technology to mainly contain semiconductor temperature differential generating, steam power generating and exhaust gas turbine both at home and abroad generates electricity three kinds; That the device of semiconductor temperature differential generating has is simple in structure, volume is little, in light weight, movement-less part, noiseless, safe and reliable, characteristics such as the life-span is long, is a kind of very desirable transformation of energy mode.But because conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is low, can only utilize the sub-fraction of engine exhaust heat, await further improving conversion efficiency of thermoelectric and seek material with higher conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.The steam power electricity generating device has superiority aspect the low grade heat energy utilizing, but the defective of this system is comparatively complicated heavy and do not have a working medium recovering device.The exhaust gas turbine generating device structure is simple, is easy to install, but can exerts an influence to the engine operation performance, needs further research.
Can find out from above-mentioned analysis; Should adopt a kind of rational in infrastructure, handle simple, heat recovery effect obviously and the low system of cost cost engine exhaust heat is reclaimed; But research in this respect also is in the Primary Study stage; Current pattern does not all have to consider how rationally to control a holonomic system, comprises the working procedure of engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and lubrication oil circulation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system and method.This system has mainly formed a residual neat recovering system by the mode that engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and four kinds of circulations of lubrication oil circulation are coupled; When motor turns round under different operating modes; Four circulations through rational control system; Make system can realize starting make things convenient for, to operate steadily, to shut down rapid, when system breaks down, make the system can emergency braking.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following measure:
Of the present invention based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system, comprise engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and lubrication oil circulation totally four circulations.The parts that the above-mentioned engine cycles that is used to reclaim engine exhaust heat comprises have: be made up of through connecting pipeline pressurized machine, motor intercooler, motor, turbine device, vaporizer, engine radiator and engine dynamometer are installed on the motor.First exhaust gas temperature sensor is installed in the side-entrance of vaporizer tail gas, and second exhaust gas temperature sensor is installed in vaporizer tail gas side outlet.
The parts that the above-mentioned organic Rankine circulation that is used to reclaim engine exhaust heat comprises have: vaporizer, gas-liquid separator, single-screw expander, lubricating oil separator, condenser, liquid container, working medium filter, working medium flow meter, working medium pump are formed the closed-loop path through connecting pipeline; The single-screw expander power measurer is connected on the single-screw expander; First valve is installed between gas-liquid separator and the single-screw expander; Second valve is installed in the import of condenser working medium side; Vacuum pump is installed between condenser and the lubricating oil separator, and the 3rd valve is installed in the inlet of vacuum pump.The first working medium temperature and pressure sensor is installed in the inlet of vaporizer working medium side; The second working medium temperature and pressure sensor is installed in the import of single-screw expander; The 3rd working medium temperature and pressure sensor is installed in the inlet of condenser, and the 4th working medium temperature and pressure sensor is installed in the outlet of condenser working medium side.
The parts that the above-mentioned cooling water circulation that is used to reclaim engine exhaust heat comprises have: single-screw expander power measurer, condenser, water pump, cooling tower are formed through connecting pipeline, and wherein condenser and single-screw expander power measurer are connected in parallel.The 4th valve is installed between water pump and the cooling tower.
The parts that the above-mentioned lubrication oil circulation that is used to reclaim engine exhaust heat comprises have: single-screw expander, oil pump, oil storage tank, lubricating oil filter, lubricating oil separator are formed the closed-loop path through connecting pipeline.Cooling fan is installed on the oil storage tank, and lubricating oil temperature sensor is installed in the outlet of oil storage tank.
Of the present invention based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recycling and control method, comprising: the startup of system, operation, stopping process, when it breaks down, can realize emergency braking.Described system starting process does, at first starts the organic Rankine circulation, and first valve and second valve are held open, open vacuum pump it is vacuumized processing, and behind the end of operation, throttle down.Then from liquid container inflated with nitrogen to this circulation, behind the end of operation, from liquid container filling working medium R245fa in the organic Rankine circulation.Open working medium pump, working medium is through working medium filter, working medium flow meter, working medium pump, vaporizer working medium side, gas-liquid separator master mouth, and liquid mouthful of gas-liquid separator is got back to liquid container through pipeline.Start the cooling water circulation then, open the 4th valve and in circulation, carry out moisturizing, throttle down after accomplishing.Start water pump, cooling water is through cooling tower and water pump, and a part of cooling water gets into the condenser cooling water side, and another part cooling water gets into the single-screw expander power measurer, all gets back to cooling tower at last.Motor is opened in the ato unit circulation, and air finally is discharged in the atmosphere through gas compressor, motor intercooler, motor and turbine device.Start lubrication oil circulation, open oil pump, lubricant oil is got back to oil storage tank at last through oil storage tank, oil pump, single-screw expander, lubricating oil separator, lubricating oil filter.
Starting the back system brings into operation; Working medium through liquid container, working medium through working medium filter, working medium flow meter, working medium pump, in vaporizer and exhaust carry out heat exchange, working medium gets into gas-liquid separator from gas-liquid separator master mouth then, a part of liquid refrigerant is got back to liquid container through the liquid mouth of gas-liquid separator; Another part gaseous working medium gets into single-screw expander through gas-liquid separator gaseous state mouth; Mix at decompressor neutral lubrication oil, after the mixture of working medium and lubricant oil comes out from single-screw expander, get into lubricating oil separator; The working medium that is separated gets into the condenser working medium side, finally gets back to liquid container.The lubricant oil that lubricated oil separator is separated through lubricating oil filter, is got back in the oil storage tank, is directed onto in the single-screw expander again through working medium pump then.Wherein through lubricating oil temperature sensor monitoring lubricating oil temperature, when the oil temperature during more than or equal to this temperature system will report to the police, at this moment cooling fan is opened, cooling fan is cooled to operating temperature with lubricant oil, closes cooling fan.Cooling water is through water pump, and a part of cooling water gets into condenser and working medium is carried out heat exchange, and another part cooling water gets into the single-screw expander power measurer, all gets back to cooling tower at last.Wherein water pump is a variable frequency pump, regulates the flow of cooling water through control of pump, and then controls the intensity of cooling of condenser.
After finishing, test shuts down at first shutting engine down circulation, the i.e. running of shutting engine down.Stopping the organic Rankine circulation, promptly close working medium pump.Stop lubrication oil circulation then, promptly close oil pump.Stop the cooling water circulation at last, promptly switch off the pump.
When system breaks down, need carry out emergency brake operations, at first close first valve and second valve, carry out shutdown operation then.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, taken all factors into consideration engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and lubrication oil circulation totally four circuit job orders the influence of whole residual neat recovering system can more reasonably be worked it, and is not influenced the service behaviour of motor.
2, turn round under different operating modes according to motor,, make this system can realize starting and make things convenient for, operate steadily, shut down rapidly, when system breaks down, make it can realize emergency braking through rational control.Reduce the possibility that each parts breaks down in the system, further prolonged the working life of critical piece.
3, this system recoveries a large amount of exhaust heats, fully reduced the thermo-pollution of exhaust heat, improved the travelling comfort of urban environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based among the organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system schematic representation figure: the 1-pressurized machine; 2-motor intercooler; The 3-motor; 4-turbine device; The 5-engine radiator; The 6-engine dynamometer; The 7-vaporizer; The 8-gas-liquid separator; The 9-single-screw expander; 10-single-screw expander power measurer; The 11-vacuum pump; The 12-condenser; The 13-liquid container; 14-working medium filter; 15-working medium mass flowmenter; The 16-working medium pump; The 17-oil pump; The 18-oil storage tank; The 19-cooling fan; The 20-lubricating oil filter; The 21-lubricating oil separator; The 22-water pump; The 23-cooling tower; 24-first exhaust gas temperature sensor; 25-second exhaust gas temperature sensor; The 26-first working medium temperature and pressure sensor; The 27-second working medium temperature and pressure sensor; 28-the 3rd working medium temperature and pressure sensor; 29-the 4th working medium temperature and pressure sensor; The 30-lubricating oil temperature sensor; 31-first valve; 32-second valve; 33-the 3rd valve; 34-the 4th valve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description.
The present invention is based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system, its connection diagram is as shown in Figure 1, comprises engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and lubrication oil circulation totally four circulations.And the system that detailed is starting, operation, shutting down, and when system breaks down, makes the operating process that it can emergency braking.
At first start the organic Rankine circulation, vacuumize processing with 11 pairs of whole systems of vacuum pump earlier, can in environment, not leak, close the 3rd valve 33 after the completion to guarantee working medium.Then from liquid container 13 inflated with nitrogen to system, the air in the emptying system on the one hand, because water vapour is arranged in the air, when running into refrigeration agent, frosting will appear in the system pipeline inwall, thereby increase the friction loss of system.On the one hand, after being full of nitrogen in the system, to each parts and the pipe interface place of system hunting leak.After accomplishing aforesaid operations,,, then stop the working medium of annotating when being added to the working medium quality that designs from liquid container 13 filling working medium R245fa to the organic Rankine circulation.Open working medium pump 16 then, working medium is through liquid container 13, working medium filter 14, working medium flow meter 15, working medium pump 16, vaporizer 7 working medium side, gas-liquid separator 8 main mouths, and 8 liquid mouthfuls of gas-liquid separators are got back to liquid container 13 through pipeline.This process was answered proper functioning 10 minutes, and to guarantee that working medium side is full of working medium in the vaporizer, the device that avoids evaporating is damaged by high-temperature exhaust air.
Start the cooling water circulation then, at first start cooling tower, system is carried out moisturizing from the 4th valve 34; Throttle down behind the completion aforesaid operations; Open water pump 22, a part of cooling water gets into condenser 12 cooling water sides, and another part gets into single-screw expander power measurer 10; All get back to cooling tower 23 at last, circulating next time.When making an experiment in the winter time,, after test is accomplished cooling water is discharged from the 4th valve 34, in order to avoid the bursting by freezing pipeline because ambient temperature is lower.Wherein water pump 22 is a variable frequency pump, through the flow of adjusting cooling water, and then the intensity of cooling of control condenser.Make circulate also proper functioning 10 minutes of cooling water.
Starting lubrication oil circulation; The lubricant oil of at first in oil storage tank 18, annotating; Start oil pump 17 then, lubricant oil is directed onto in the single-screw expander 9 through oil pump 17, and the mixture of working medium and lubricant oil gets into lubricating oil separator 21 then; The lubricant oil that is separated is got back to oil storage tank 18 through lubricating oil filter 20, circulates again next time.Be set at certain desired value to lubricating oil temperature, when oil temperature during more than or equal to this temperature system will report to the police, at this moment cooling fan 19 is opened, cooling fan is cooled to operating temperature with lubricant oil, closes cooling fan 19.
Last ato unit circulation is according to test needs, at first ato unit; It is adjusted to the presetting condition point, and air gets into pressurized machine 1, and the air after the supercharging gets into motor 3 through motor intercooler 2; In cylinder, burn after fuel oil and the air mixing; Exhaust is through outlet pipe, turbo machine 4, and the tail gas side and the working medium that get into vaporizer 7 are then carried out heat exchange, are discharged in the environment at last.The purpose that first exhaust gas temperature sensor 24 is installed at place, vaporizer 7 tail gas side entrances is; Monitor delivery temperature here constantly, make its decomposition temperature that is no more than working medium R245fa, working medium will be in unsure state when surpassing this temperature; May sex change; The mis-behave of system, even can't work the damage equipment instrument.The purpose that second exhaust gas temperature sensor 25 is installed at vaporizer 7 tail gas side outlet places is, monitors delivery temperature here constantly, and it is reduced to below the acid dew point, and when being lower than this temperature, exhaust will produce the dewfall phenomenon, acid occurs and reveals.This not only can make heat transfer surface fouling phenomenon occur cohering, increases heat transfer resistance, also serious corrosion will take place.
When system moved, working medium was carried out heat exchange with exhaust in vaporizer 7, and working medium is from gas-liquid separator 8 main mouthful entering gas-liquid separators 8 then; Part liquid refrigerant is got back to liquid container 13 through gas-liquid separator 8 liquid mouths; Another part gaseous working medium gets into single-screw expander 9 through gas-liquid separator 8 gaseous state mouths, in decompressor, expands and does work, and measure its output work by single-screw expander power measurer 10; The mixture of working medium and lubricant oil gets into lubricating oil filter 20; The working medium that is separated gets into condenser 12 and carries out heat exchange with cooling water, is cooled to liquid state to working medium, and liquid refrigerant is finally got back to liquid container 13.Last liquid refrigerant comes back to working medium pump 16 through working medium filter 14, circulates next time.After data display was stable, promptly fluctuating of data was 5%, the opening entry data.
After test finishes, carry out shutdown operation, kill engine 3 earlier; Stop the organic Rankine circulation then successively and promptly close working medium pump 16; Lubrication oil circulation is promptly closed lubricating pump 17, and the cooling water circulation promptly switches off the pump 22, and the purpose of operation is the damage of anti-locking system middle part part like this.
When single-screw expander breaks down, close first valve 31 and second valve 32 earlier, accomplish shutdown operation then.
Claims (2)
1. based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system, comprise engine cycles, organic Rankine circulation, cooling water circulation and lubrication oil circulation totally four circulations; It is characterized in that: described engine cycles, connect to form through pipeline by pressurized machine (1), motor intercooler (2), motor (3), turbine device (4), vaporizer (7), engine radiator (5) and engine dynamometer (6) are installed on the motor; First exhaust gas temperature sensor (24) is installed in the side-entrance of vaporizer tail gas, and second exhaust gas temperature sensor (25) is installed in vaporizer tail gas side outlet;
Described organic Rankine circulation; Connect to form the closed-loop path by vaporizer (7), gas-liquid separator (8), single-screw expander (9), lubricating oil separator (21), condenser (12), liquid container (13), working medium filter (14), working medium flow meter (15), working medium pump (16) through pipeline; Single-screw expander power measurer (10) is connected on the single-screw expander (9); First valve (31) is installed between gas-liquid separator (8) and the single-screw expander (9); Second valve (32) is installed in the import of condenser (12) working medium side; Vacuum pump (11) is installed between condenser (12) and the lubricating oil separator (21), and the 3rd valve (33) is installed in the inlet of vacuum pump (11); The first working medium temperature and pressure sensor (26) is installed in the inlet of vaporizer (7) working medium side; The second working medium temperature and pressure sensor (27) is installed in the import of single-screw expander (9); The 3rd working medium temperature and pressure sensor (28) is installed in the inlet of condenser (12) working medium side, and the 4th working medium temperature and pressure sensor (29) is installed in the outlet of condenser (12) working medium side;
Described cooling water circulation; Connect to form the closed-loop path by single-screw expander power measurer (10), condenser (12), water pump (22), cooling tower (23) through pipeline; Wherein water pump (22) is a variable frequency pump; Condenser (12) and single-screw expander power measurer (10) are connected in parallel, and the 4th valve (34) is installed between water pump (22) and the cooling tower (23);
Described lubrication oil circulation connects to form the closed-loop path by single-screw expander (9), oil pump (17), oil storage tank (18), lubricating oil filter (20), lubricating oil separator (21) through pipeline; Cooling fan (19) is installed on the oil storage tank (18), and lubricating oil temperature sensor (30) is installed in the outlet of oil storage tank (18).
2. application rights requires 1 described method based on organic Rankine circuit engine exhaust heat recovery control system, it is characterized in that comprising: the startup of system, operation, stopping process, when it breaks down, can realize emergency braking; Described system starting process does, at first starts the organic Rankine circulation, and first valve (31) and second valve (32) are held open, and open vacuum pump (11) it is vacuumized processing, behind the end of operation, close the 3rd valve (33); Then from liquid container (13) inflated with nitrogen to this circulation, behind the end of operation, from liquid container (13) filling working medium R245fa in the organic Rankine circulation; Open working medium pump (16) then; Working medium is through liquid container (13), working medium filter (14), working medium flow meter (15), working medium pump (16), vaporizer (7) working medium side, the main mouth of gas-liquid separator (8); Liquid mouthful of gas-liquid separator (8) is got back to liquid container (13) through pipeline; Start the cooling water circulation then, open the 4th valve (34) and in circulation, carry out moisturizing, close the 4th valve (34) after the completion; Open water pump (22), cooling water is through cooling tower (23) and water pump (22), and a part of cooling water gets into condenser (12) cooling water side, and another part cooling water gets into single-screw expander power measurer (10), all gets back to cooling tower (23) at last; Motor (3) is opened in the ato unit circulation, and air finally is discharged in the atmosphere through gas compressor (1), motor intercooler (2), motor (3), turbine device (4) and vaporizer (7) exhaust side; Start lubrication oil circulation, open oil pump (17), lubricant oil is got back to oil storage tank (18) at last through oil storage tank (18), oil pump (17), single-screw expander (9), lubricating oil separator (21), lubricating oil filter (20);
Starting the back system brings into operation; Working medium is through liquid container (13), working medium filter (14), working medium flow meter (15), working medium pump (16), carry out heat exchange with exhaust in vaporizer (7); Working medium is from the main mouthful entering gas-liquid separator (8) of gas-liquid separator (8) then, and a part of liquid refrigerant is got back to liquid container (13) through the liquid mouth of gas-liquid separator (8), and another part gaseous working medium gets into single-screw expander (9) through gas-liquid separator (8) gaseous state mouth and promotes the decompressor acting; After the mixture of working medium and lubricant oil comes out from single-screw expander (9); Get into lubricating oil separator (21), the working medium that is separated gets into condenser (12) working medium side, finally gets back to liquid container (13); The lubricant oil that lubricated oil separator (21) is separated is got back in the oil storage tank (18) through lubricating oil filter (20), is directed onto again in the single-screw expander (9) through oil pump (17) then; Wherein through lubricating oil temperature sensor (30) monitoring lubricating oil temperature, when the oil temperature during more than or equal to this temperature system will report to the police, at this moment cooling fan (19) is opened, cooling fan is cooled to operating temperature with lubricant oil, closes cooling fan (19); Cooling water is through water pump (22), and a part of cooling water gets into condenser (12) and working medium is carried out heat exchange, and another part cooling water gets into single-screw expander power measurer (10), gets back to cooling tower (23) at last; Wherein water pump (22) is a variable frequency pump, regulates the flow of cooling water through control of pump (22), and then controls the intensity of cooling of condenser;
After finishing, test shuts down at first shutting engine down circulation, the i.e. running of shutting engine down (3); Stopping the organic Rankine circulation, promptly close working medium pump (16); Stop lubrication oil circulation then, promptly close oil pump (17); Stop the cooling water circulation at last, (22) promptly switch off the pump;
When system breaks down, need carry out emergency brake operations, at first close first valve (31) and second valve (32), carry out shutdown operation then.
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Inventor after: Ma Zhongfang Inventor after: Zhang Hongguang Inventor after: Liu Bin Inventor after: Chen Yan Inventor after: Yang Kai Inventor after: Yao Baofeng Inventor after: Zhang Jian Inventor after: Wu Yuting Inventor after: Wang Wei Inventor before: Zhang Hongguang Inventor before: Liu Bin Inventor before: Chen Yan Inventor before: Yang Kai Inventor before: Yao Baofeng Inventor before: Zhang Jian |
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Application publication date: 20120411 |