CN102399303B - 一种果胶的提取方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0045—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Galacturonans, e.g. methyl ester of (alpha-1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectin, or hydrolysis product of methyl ester of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectinic acid; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0048—Processes of extraction from organic materials
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Abstract
一种果胶的提取方法，其特征在于所述的方法包括下列步骤：将含有果胶的原料薯渣加入淀粉水解酶进行水解，离心，收集离心物投入到微波提取设备中，调节PH值为酸性，进行微波提取；离心，微滤，取上清液，再超滤浓缩，除去小分子和色素杂质，向浓缩液中加入乙醇，使醇浓度为75％，进行充分搅拌，洗涤并离心，收集离心物即果胶，干燥，即得。采用该方法能降低生产成本，提高产品质量，便于工业化操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种果胶提取方法，尤其涉及一种利用微波波连续逆流提取技术提取薯渣中果胶的方法。
背景技术
甘薯(IpomoeabatatasLam.)，又名红薯、地瓜、红芋等，是一种高产稳产、营养丰富、用途广泛的农作物。在我国北方大部分地区甘薯加工主要是提取淀粉，制作粉丝、粉条等，产生大量薯渣。鲜薯渣含水量高达80％，不易储存、运输，腐败变质后产生恶臭，造成了严重的环境污染。目前，国内众多的甘薯淀粉和粉丝厂每天都要产生大量的废渣和废水，如果直接排放将会造成严重的环境污染，所以每年甘薯淀粉和粉丝厂家都在废渣废水的治理方面投入大量的人力和物力。大量的研究分析表明甘薯渣中至少含有20％-30％的果胶物质，果胶主要是一种由α-1，4-糖苷键联接而成的半乳糖醛酸聚合多糖，具有调节血脂、血糖、抑制肿瘤生长和扩散等生理功能，在食品、药品和保健品行业中具有广阔的市场前景。世界果胶的年需求量在相当时间内仍然以每年15％的速度增长，我国每年消耗果胶为1500吨以上，进口约占80％。
实际上，以甘薯为原料的深加工产品用途非常广泛，产品种类较多。因此，大力发展甘薯综合加工使其形成产业化，对于充分利用我国的甘薯资源，扩大产品用途，增加农民收入，发展农村经济具有十分重要的意义。
目前我国食品行业主要从柑橘皮渣、苹果渣中提取和生产果胶，但因为原料的限制，生产规模一直受到限制。而利用甘薯制造淀粉过程中要产生大量的废渣，从中提取不仅能提高企业的经济效益，更有利于保护自然环境实现农产品加工废弃物深度开发与资源化利用。
果胶是水溶性的，目前为止利用这一性质到，国内外研究从甘薯渣、马铃薯渣、苹果皮、香蕉皮、柚皮等中提取果胶的方法较多，主要有单纯酸提法、离子交换树脂法、微生物法、微波法等，但均处于研究层次，没有实现规模化生产。且单纯酸提取法提取果胶效率较低，技术还在不断的发展中；离子交换树脂法提取果胶由于受到多价阳离子、纤维状果胶类物质大分子间以及其它多聚体的机械性牵绊影响果胶的品质。
本发明采取微波法提取，微波法用于天然成分的提取，选择性强、溶剂耗量小、操作时间短、溶剂耗量目标组分得率高，并且能极大限度的保留天然成分的天然活性。随着电子技术和自动化工业的发展，使微波的应用日益成熟，其优点是制取步骤简化、操作简单、自动化程度高。微波提取方法符合未来食品、药品和保健品工业的要求，是现代食品、药品和保健品工业的发展方向。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用微波连续逆流提取技术提取薯渣中果胶的方法。该方法能降低生产成本，提高产品质量，便于工业化操作。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出技术方案如下：
本发明的技术方案是：
将含有果胶的原料薯渣加入淀粉水解酶进行水解，离心，收集离心物投入到微波提取设备中，调节PH值为酸性，进行微波提取；离心，微滤，取上清液，再超滤浓缩，除去小分子和色素杂质，向浓缩液中加入乙醇，使醇浓度为75％，进行充分搅拌，洗涤并离心，收集离心物即果胶，干燥，即得。
在一容器中放薯渣原料质量5～30倍的溶剂，室温浸泡0.5～5小时。
溶剂是水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚、二氯甲烷等溶剂中的一种或多种组合。
微波额定功率为400～4000W，提取温度30～90℃，提取时间0.1～40min。
调节滤液PH为酸性是指PH为1-6，所用的酸为盐酸、硫酸、硝酸或混合酸。
薯渣来源为甘薯加工提取淀粉制作粉丝、粉条等后产生的下脚料。
本发明采用微波提取技术，由于微波可以穿透式加热，使提取时间和溶剂用量大大节省，效率高、产量大，降低了生产成本；微波提取没有热惯性，易控制；微波提取是用电设备，不需要配备锅炉，无污染、安全、属于绿色工程。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式
实施例1
取薯渣100g，加入淀粉酶在80℃水解30min，除去残余淀粉，离心，收集离心物，加水1000ml使成料液比为1∶10的混悬液，采取微波提取法提取果胶：微波功率为640W，调节PH值为2.0，提取15分钟，离心，微滤(滤孔为0.8μm)，取上清液，再超滤浓缩，除去小分子和色素杂质，向浓缩液中加入乙醇，使醇浓度为75％，进行充分搅拌，洗涤并离心，收集离心物即果胶，真空干燥得果胶干燥品8g，硫酸蒽酮法检验，得含量≥70％的果胶成品。
实施例2
取薯渣100g，加入淀粉酶在60℃水解30min，除去残余淀粉，离心，收集离心物，加水500ml和乙醇500ml使成料液比为1∶10的混悬液，采取微波提取法提取果胶：微波功率为600W，调节PH值为2.0，提取15分钟，离心，微滤(滤孔为0.8μm)，取上清液，再超滤浓缩，除去小分子和色素杂质，向浓缩液中加入乙醇，使醇浓度为75％，进行充分搅拌，洗涤并离心，收集离心物即果胶，真空干燥得果胶干燥品11g，硫酸蒽酮法检验，得含量≥70％的果胶成品。
Claims (1)
1.一种果胶的提取方法，其特征在于所述的方法包括下列步骤：取薯渣100g，加入淀粉酶在80℃水解30min，除去残余淀粉，离心，收集离心物，加水1000ml使成料液比为1∶10的混悬液，所述的料液比指的是质量单位g与体积单位ml之间的比；采取微波提取法提取果胶：微波功率为640W，调节pH值为2.0，提取15分钟，离心，微滤，滤孔为0.8μm，取上清液，再超滤浓缩，除去小分子和色素杂质，向浓缩液中加入乙醇，使醇浓度为75％，进行充分搅拌，洗涤并离心，收集离心物即果胶，真空干燥得果胶干燥品8g，硫酸蒽酮法检验，得含量≥70％的果胶成品，所述的薯渣来源为甘薯加工提取淀粉制作粉丝、粉条后产生的下脚料。
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| CN102993331A (zh) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-03-27 | 湖南奇异生物科技有限公司 | 一种黄秋葵干果果胶的提取方法 |
| CN103204954A (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2013-07-17 | 安徽亿源生物工程有限公司 | 一种利用微波连续逆流提取中药渣中果胶的方法 |
| CN104231111B (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | 一种以菠萝蜜果皮为原料提取果胶的方法 |
| CN105943467A (zh) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-09-21 | 赣州华汉生物科技有限公司 | 一种从黄秋葵中提取天然保湿剂的方法 |
| CN106519067A (zh) * | 2016-11-19 | 2017-03-22 | 朱莉 | 一种甘薯渣综合利用方法 |
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| JPS644602A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-09 | Niochiyou | Extraction of pectin by means of microwave irradiation |
| CN101037485A (zh) * | 2007-04-20 | 2007-09-19 | 兰州大学 | 果胶提取方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS644602A (en) * | 1987-06-26 | 1989-01-09 | Niochiyou | Extraction of pectin by means of microwave irradiation |
| CN101037485A (zh) * | 2007-04-20 | 2007-09-19 | 兰州大学 | 果胶提取方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 微波法从马铃薯渣中提取果胶工艺的研究;郑燕玉等;《泉州师范学院学报（自然科学）》;20040730;第22卷(第4期);第57-61页 * |
| 甘薯果胶的制备及其理化性质研究;魏海香;《中国优秀硕士学位论文》;20061215(第12期);第20、21、23页 * |
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