CN102398289A - Wood modifying method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for modifying low-density wood. The method comprises sucking wood, increasing weight, soaking, drying, thermosetting and compressing, wherein the water content of the wood subjected to sucking treatment is 28-32 percent; the gain in weight of wood subjected to weight increasing treatment is 30-35 percent; the gain in weight of the wood subjected to soaking treatment is 15-20 percent; the water content of the wood subjected to drying treatment is 15-18 percent; and a soaking agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of thermosetting resin, 10-20 parts of water-soluble natural organic matter, 3-5 parts of aqueous waterproof agent, 0.5-1 parts of fire retardant and 1-2 parts of surfactant. In the modifying method, a physical modifying technology, a chemical modifying technology and a mechanical modifying technology of hot compression deformation are organically combined, so that modified wood has high density, high intensity and the like of high-level wood, has higher size stability than high-level wood, and has the characteristic of low cost compared with high-level wood.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for modifying wood, particularly relate to a kind of method that is used for the low-density Wooden modifying.
Background technology
The Wooden modifying technology comprises: timber is moulded and is closed, timber pickling, wood acetylation, timber heat treatment, timber compression and crooked, timber bleaching and dyeing and other modification technologies.
Timber mould close be point to inject ethylenic unsaturation hydro carbons monomer or oligomer, performed polymer in the timber after, utilize radiation exposure or radical initiator one hot initiation means that energy is provided, make the technology of its polymerizing curable in timber.The material that makes is called wood plastic composite, has not only kept the natural premium properties of timber, and can improve the material defective, and performances such as its dimensionally stable, hardness, wear-resisting, corrosion-resistant, anti-worm ant all significantly improve, and some can meet or exceed natural precious timber.In addition, can also carry out painted processing and give anti-flaming function.Wood plastic composite can be used for products such as production floor, furniture, sports equipment, handicraft, musical instrument.Timber is moulded and is closed technology and be divided into and impregnate and solidify 2 stages.The stage of impregnating, the general vacuum pressed that adopts was handled, and impregnate liquid and select vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile usually for use, and unsaturated polyester (UP), propylene class oligomer.Cure stage can adopt heating or radiation exposure polymerizing curable.When adopting heated polymerizable to solidify, should add suitable initator by a certain percentage; When adopting the radiation exposure polymerizing curable, irradiation dose and time should be with seeds, the size and dimensions of processing sample, and monomer, close rate and change.Wood plastic composite was come out in early 1960s, and after this many countries conduct a research one after another.China also just begins wood plastic composite is studied in nineteen sixty-five; Units such as Chinese Academy Of Forestry Research Institute Of Wood Industry, Peking University, Guanghua Timber Factory, Beujing, Institute for Atomic Research, Shanghai and Shanghai Science and Technology Univ. have successively carried out the research that hot initiation method and ray radiation method prepare wood plastic composite.Applied chemistry research institute of the Jiangxi academy of sciences has successfully developed the wood plastic composite production technology of suitable China's national situation, and produces as a trial in factory.At the beginning of the seventies, the wood plastic composite product is pushed to the market and is applied.
Industrially developed country such as the U.S., Japan, West Europe have been applied to wood plastic composite industries such as automobile, weapons, sports equipment, building, furniture.And China only has Shanghai art sculpture four factories, Beijing Folk Music Instrument Factory to carry out the small lot commodity production of wood plastic composite in early days, but up to the present, wood plastic composite also really is not applied on China market.
Timber pickling is meant timber is immersed in the water-soluble low molecular weight resin solution, and resin is through diffusing into wood cell wall, and makes the timber increase-volume, removes moisture through drying then, and heating at last makes the Wooden modifying technology of resin solidification.Impreg is mainly used in handle and the pen holder of making cutter, rifle, and to higher fields of performance requirement such as intensity, wearability, resistances to chemical attack.Timber pickling technology also is divided into impregnates and 2 stages of dry solidification: the stage of impregnating, the general vacuum pressed that adopts was handled, and impregnated liquid and selected phenolic resins, Lauxite, furfuryl alcohol resin, resorcinol resin etc. usually for use; The general mode that is heating and curing that adopts of dry solidification stage.As far back as the forties in 20th century, the technology of using pf resin of low molecular weight dipping veneer, producing impreg has just been studied by U.S. forestry products research institute, is in 1987 but impreg really forms commodity.At present, the company of world production impreg mainly contains: U.S. Fibron and C K Composites, Britain Permali and Pakistani DylTlOnwood company etc.The technological development of China's impreg only rests on conceptual phase, mainly concentrates on fast growing wood and low-grade timber such as using low-molecular-weight resin impregnating poplar, China fir, also has research to use the modified urea-formaldehyde resin improved wood.
Wood acetylation is to adopt acetylating agent to handle timber, to improve the technology of wood dimensional stability.Acetylation timber has advantages such as density is even, surfacing, dimensional stability is high, rotproofness is strong, high-temperature ductility is low, do not increase toxicity, the intensity of timber own does not reduce.Wood acetylation is handled and generally is divided into liquid phase method, vapor phase method and synthesis.Traditional wood acetylation is handled medicament and is divided into acetylating agent and catalyst, and many now acetic anhydrides that directly use are produced.In addition, can also use acetylation and heat treatment synergy, perhaps first acetylation is crosslinking Treatment again.The wood acetylation technical research is Wooden modifying technical field one of active subject the most always.The report that late 1920s has just had wood powder and sawdust to be acetylation, and the acetylizad research of solid wood starts from the forties.Subsequently, the U.S., Japan etc. have begun the technical research and the application study of wood acetylation in succession.Acetylation timber has been realized commercialization at present.Because acetylation timber cost is higher, is mainly used in the making high value added product, the first-elected application of acetylation solid wood is outdoor platform (deck), and acetyl fibre then can be used for making tapered squeezing forming polypropylene thermoplastic composite.
Timber heat treatment is meant in protective gas environment or liquid medium, in 160～250 ℃ of temperature ranges, to a kind of Environmentally-sound technology that timber is handled, can improve Wood Dimensional Stability, durability and color.Heat-treated wood is commonly referred to carbonized wood or physics wood, can be used for numerous areas such as furniture, parquet floor, door and window, precast wall body, sauna house, kitchen.Different according to employed heat medium, the timber Technology for Heating Processing mainly contains 3 kinds: gas phase media heating, hydro-thermal method and oil heating.The commercial application of at present external timber heat treatment technics mainly concentrates on states such as Holland, France, Germany and Finland; These countries have developed 5 kinds of typical timber Technologies for Heating Processing: the Plato technology of Holland; The Retification and the LesBois technology of France, the hot oil processing technology of Germany and the Thermo Wood technology of Finland.The timber heat treatment industry of China remains in a lot of problems at present: as not forming perfect Technology for Heating Processing; Relevant supporting technology is also immature; Lack special Equipment for Heating Processing, what major part was used is traditional kiln formula drying mode; There is mass defect in product, comes off, shows to split with implosion, aberration big etc. like burl.
The compression of timber and bending are to borrow damp and hot or additive method, earlier with the timber plasticizing, then through hot-pressing processing, make that quality is hard, density is high and intensity big or the technology of curved shape woodwork.Compressed wood has greatly improved surface physical properties, intensity and the processing characteristics of timber, and makes material more even.Through the soft artificial forest wood of processed compressed, can replace ordinary rigid even high-grade broad-leaved wood, like ebony etc., be used for products such as balustrade, sash, beam, furniture leg, framework, handicraft, ornament furnishings, pad, seal in the make-up room.The timber compression is divided into crooked technology: softening (or plasticizing) and 2 stages of hot-pressing processing.Timber is softening can to adopt reagent such as urea, ammoniacal liquor, gaseous ammonia and NaOH to carry out chemical treatment, also can directly adopt physical treatments such as decatize, high frequency and microwave.Timber after softening is on hot press or Qu Muji, through hot-pressing drying, cooling forming.It is historical that the timber compress technique has permanent research.As far back as the thirties in 20th century, on American-European military aircraft, just used compressed wood, in case radar detection; The forties, Kyoto Univ Japan adopts the high-temperature pressurizing mode also because of same purpose, produces beech, birch reinforced timber; All there are the fifties industrial products to come out both at home and abroad; Accelerated research after the eighties to compressed wood.Solid wood bending compression technology is used for the furniture manufacturing, is the state-of-the-art technology that Denmark released the nineties, can open up new field to the shape of wood-bending one-tenth needs for the variation of furniture style, and timber utilization rate further improves.
The timber bleaching is meant uses chemical method, the technology that makes the timber color and luster shoal or fade; Wood staining is to adopt physics or chemical method, changes wood color and prevents the technology of sapstain, and the two all is the effective ways that improve the ornamental and added value of common or low-quality timber.Artificial forest wood particularly through technology processing such as bleaching, dyeing, simulation wood grains, can be eliminated heart sapwood, the aberration between late wood and the swirl grain early, or the decorative effect of simulation rare tree timber.In recent ten years, bleaching, the staining technique of wood materials enjoy attention, and technical study constantly advances.Organic dyestuff originates from mauve in 1913 and is used to standing tree dyeing in the use of wood processing field.Since the sixties, number of research projects has been done in timber bleaching and dyeing field by Japan; Germany, Italy etc. have also developed industrialization wood staining patented technology, and its product is in the existing sale of China.
At the end of the eighties, China begins timber bleaching and staining technique are explored, and is mainly used in that veneer dyes and is the recombinant decorative material and the manufacturing of recombinant decorative veneer of representative with scientific and technological wood, and product enjoys a good market both at home and abroad.The solid wood dyeing bigger to thickness, owing to there is the problem that is difficult to even imbue under the normal condition, correlation technique still is in the exploratory stage at present.
Microwave treatment timber also is a kind of comparatively advanced method for modifying wood.Timber after the microwave treatment, change has taken place in its wood property, shows that density of wood increases, rate of drying is accelerated, the radially ratio increase etc. of contract with dry rate of string.Wood liquefied is to be a kind of modification mode of new macromolecular material with solid-state wood conversion, is one of timber comprehensive utilization technique research field of newly opening up in recent years.Timber after the liquefaction can be processed various high value-added products.Progressively go deep into along with what the basic physical and chemical performance of timber was studied, the Wooden modifying technology has also had further expansion.Like the wooden conductive material after the modification, give new electric conductivity of timber and specific insulation; Woodceramicsization makes it have better hardness, wearability and far infrared radiation and absorbability.
At present the correlation technique of patent documentation report has, and publication number is that the patent application of CN101352860A discloses a kind of " process of modifying synthetic resin impregnated wood " preparation maceration extract is earlier put into the airtight dipping that vacuumizes of autoclave with timber then; At last at the baking oven internal heating curing; This processes is simpler, is difficult to strengthen the density of low-density timber, and contains formaldehyde in the maceration extract; Harmful, do not meet environmental protection requirement.Publication number is that the patent application of CN102085679A discloses " a kind of Wooden modifying liquid "; This Wooden modifying liquid comprises pf resin of low molecular weight, auxiliary agent and water; Can solve natural defects such as timber is easy to crack, distortion after using this modification liquid to Wooden modifying; Can also make timber have fire-retardant, insect protected, performance such as anticorrosion, but this modifier is limited in the effect of the aspects such as density, intensity and dimensional stability that strengthen low-density timber.Publication number is that the patent application of CN1935475A discloses a kind of " improved wood and production technology thereof "; This process using vacuum plant riddles modification sol in the honeycomb of log base material; And be cured; Be combined as a whole with the fiber of log base material, this technology can prolong the service life of timber significantly, but does not disclose the concrete composition of modification sol and the performance advantage of improved wood aspect density, intensity and dimensional stability that obtains.
The existing artificial forest area that grows into forest of China is 0.54 hundred million hectare, and accumulation has surpassed 15 billion cubic meters, and the modification of artificial forest wood is more and more important.The seeds of some inferior quality, for example northern larch, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, birch etc., southern masson pine, kapok etc. are not utilized efficiently.Therefore, the emphasis of following China Wooden modifying is still superior density, intensity and the dimensional stability that promptly improves low-density timber of low-grade timber, improves the utilization rate of timber, prolongs the service life of timber.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of method for modifying wood that can significantly improve low-density density of wood, intensity and dimensional stability, and this method also can improve the preservation of timber against decay and decorate properties.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, a kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) timber is carried out suction process, suction time is more than 4 hours, and preferred 4-6 hour, pressure was 2400-2600Pa, preferred 2500Pa;
(2) with the processing of increasing weight in the weighting agent of the timber pickling after the suction process, processing time 1-2 hour, pressure >=1.2MPa, preferred 1.2-1.5MPa;
(3) with vacuumizing after the weighting agent emptying 0.5-1 hour, afterwards timber pickling is carried out impregnation process in impregnating agent, processing time 6-8 hour, pressure >=1.0MPa, preferred 1.0-1.5MPa;
(4) with vacuumizing after the maceration extract emptying 0.5-1 hour, the timber after the impregnation process is delivered to the lumber kiln dried, and drying of wood kiln temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the time is 95-120 hour;
(5) dried timber is carried out the thermosetting processed compressed on hot press, and pressure is 9-11MPa, and temperature is 180-200 ℃.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention is applicable to the modification of all kinds timber is handled that wherein preferred timber is low-density timber, like poplar, pine, birch etc.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention, the moisture content of timber is at 28-32% after the wherein preferred said suction process; The gain in weight that back timber is handled in weightening finish is 30-35%; The gain in weight of timber is 15-20% after the impregnation process; The moisture content of timber is 15-18% after the dried; The gain in weight of timber is moisture content≤12% of 15-20%, timber after the thermosetting processed compressed.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention, wherein said lumber kiln are the conventional dry kiln that is used for desiccated wood in this area, and the data of the general drying of wood are known; But the improved wood that is dried in view of the present invention contains thermosetting resin and avoids its polymerizing curable can follow-up heat pressing process be made troubles again, so the preferred big air quantity of the present invention is dry; The realization of big air quantity is exactly the simple blower fan quantity that increases, for the dry kiln of a 30m3, than the dry kiln of common equal treating capacity; Increased by one times blower fan; There are 2 original φ 800 blower fans to be increased to 4 (the unit maximum quantity of wind is 31000m3/hr), wherein fix for 2,2 controls automatically; In the hope of the speed of control timber dewatering, prevent that the timber that possibly cause in the inhomogeneous institute of dry run is out of shape.The moisture content of timber is at 15-18% after dry.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention, wherein said suction, weightening finish and impregnation process are in the vacuum pressure jar, to carry out.The purpose of said suction is free some hydroxylated materials (reducing the hydrophily of timber) in the adsorbed water (mainly being present in the wood cell wall) that extracts most free water (mainly being present between wood cell chamber and the space between cells) and the fraction in the timber in the timber and the lumber fibre, and the weightening finish that reduces the moisture content of timber and help next step is handled.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention, wherein said weighting agent can be the conventional weighting agent in this area, preferred water glass.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention, wherein said impregnating agent can be this area commonly used play weightening finish, fire-retardant, prevent the impregnating agent that size distortion etc. acts on, the preferred impregnating agent of the present invention comprises following components in part by weight; 100 parts of thermosetting resins, water-soluble natural organic matter 10-20 part, watery water-proofing agent 3-5 part; Fire retardant 0.5-1 part, surfactant 1-2 part wherein more preferably comprises following components in part by weight; 100 parts of Lauxites, ultra-fine corn flour 10-20 part, emulsified wax 3-5 part; Boric acid 0.5-1 part, alkylbenzenesulfonate 1-2 part, wherein Lauxite is preferably cyanurotriamide modified urea resin; Urea, formaldehyde and melamine in molar ratio 1: (1.10-1.20): (0.04-0.06) proportioning, (pH value is 4.5) divided and carried out addition reaction 4 times under mild acid conditions, generates the monohydroxy urea; Dihydroxy urea, trihydroxy urea and a small amount of Uron circulus material, the low-molecular-weight cyanurotriamide modified urea resin that (pH value is 6.0) slightly is polymerized under mild acid conditions then, the number-average molecular weight of the cyanurotriamide modified urea resin that obtains is 90-160; The temperature of addition reaction is 40-90 ℃; The temperature of polymerisation is 80-85 ℃, and the addition reaction elementary reaction time is 120-150 minute, and the polymerization stage reaction time is 30-40 minute.
The preferred weighting agent of the present invention is that waterglass is water miscible; Each component of preferred impregnating agent is water miscible, and the mutual mixing amalgamation of weighting agent and impregnating agent is good, and each self-applying on the proportion, waterproof, anti-deformation and the fire resistance that improve timber is replenished each other; Synergy; Bring out the best in each other, make that the density and the intensity of timber increases substantially after the modification, the water resistance and the fire resistance of improved wood also are enhanced simultaneously.
The used impregnating agent of the inventive method also can contain coloring agent and anticorrisive agent; Said coloring agent is preferred basic-dyeable fibre; Consumption is looked the color of the high-end timber that needs imitation and is decided; The addition gap is bigger, generally every cubic metre of timber with dyestuff between 0.5-2kg, the consumption of said anticorrisive agent is the 5-8% of maceration extract weight.
A kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention comprises also that wherein the timber after the thermosetting processed compressed is carried out surperficial slicing to be handled, and gets product.
Method for modifying wood of the present invention; Comprise steps such as suction, weightening finish, dipping, hot pressing; The graft copolymerization (Joint effect that impregnation process and hot compression deformation are handled) of the thermoplastic of chemical modification technique such as the degraded saccharification of cellulosic hydroxy esterification, hemicellulose in physical modification technology such as suction, weightening finish and the timber and lignin being merged (hot compression deformation is handled the effect that produces), resin waits the technological three's combination of mechanically modifying; Performances such as the high density that makes timber after the modification possess high-grade timber to have, high strength; Also possessed the dimensional stability preferably that surpasses high-grade timber, compared high-grade timber simultaneously and also have the low characteristics of cost.The used impregnating agent of the present invention preferably includes following components in part by weight, 100 parts of thermosetting resins, water-soluble natural organic matter 10-20 part, watery water-proofing agent 3-5 part; Fire retardant 0.5-1 part, surfactant 1-2 part wherein more preferably comprises following components in part by weight; 100 parts of Lauxites, ultra-fine corn flour 10-20 part, emulsified wax 3-5 part; Boric acid 0.5-1 part, alkylbenzenesulfonate 1-2 part, wherein Lauxite is preferably cyanurotriamide modified Lauxite; Timber after the modification is compared with the timber of prior art modification, and density and intensity increase substantially, and the water resistance and the fire resistance of improved wood also are enhanced simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart of a kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment and test data, do more detailed explanation with other technical characterictic and advantage to the present invention is above-mentioned.
Embodiment 1, flow process as shown in Figure 1, a kind of method for modifying wood of the present invention; Load onto dolly after the low-density timber poplar of basic moisture content 51.3% being processed the slab of size 1300*130*28mm; Send into the vacuum pressure jar and carry out suction process, pressure is set at 2500Pa, 5000Pa respectively in the vacuum pressure jar, and suction time was respectively 1,2,3,4,5 hour; With the moisture content of ST-85 type numeral timber moisture teller measurement timber, as shown in table 1:
Under different suction times of table 1 and the pressure condition, the moisture content of timber and imbibition rate
The condition of imbibition test be exactly with the slab after the suction process indoor placement returned in 48 hours wet after, be dried to moisture content again after about 12%, be immersed in the slab thickness imbibition rate of measuring after 24 hours in the room temperature water.
It is thus clear that under the equal suction time; Pressure is to the obvious effect of timber dehydration; The moisture content of timber is about 30% after the preferred suction process of the present invention; And the imbibition rate is lower, so select suction time to be respectively 4-5 hour, moisture content is respectively the weightening finish that 31.2%, 30.9% timber blank carries out next step and handles.
In the vacuum pressure jar, add liquid soluble glass, above-mentioned timber blank all is impregnated in the waterglass, different impregnation pressures and time are set respectively, the result is as shown in table 2:
The weightening finish of table 2 different pressures and time conditions is handled, the rate of body weight gain of timber
It is thus clear that pressure is big more, dip time is long more; The rate of body weight gain of timber is big more, and the rate of body weight gain of the preferred said timber of the present invention is 30-35%, is 1.5 hours so select dip time; Impregnation pressure is 1.2 and 1.5MPa, and rate of body weight gain is the impregnation process that 32.3% and 32.8% slab carries out next step.
With vacuumizing 1 hour after the emptying of weighting agent waterglass, make the timber in the vacuum tank relatively dry, promptly wood surface has not had the mucus of waterglass to adhere to, and in vacuum tank, adds maceration extract, and dip time, pressure and rate of body weight gain are as shown in table 3:
The impregnation process of table 3 different pressures and time conditions, the rate of body weight gain of timber
It is thus clear that pressure is big more, dip time is long more; The rate of body weight gain of timber is big more, and the rate of body weight gain of the preferred said timber of the present invention is 15-20%, so select dip time to be respectively 6 and 8 hours; Impregnation pressure is 1.0,1.2 and 1.5MPa, slab carry out next step dried.
The preparation method of used maceration extract is in the present embodiment: cyanurotriamide modified Lauxite 1000g, and ultra-fine corn flour 100g, solid content is greater than 40% emulsified wax 30g, and boric acid 5g and neopelex 15g mixing and stirring promptly get.The preparation method of wherein cyanurotriamide modified Lauxite is: 1: 1.1: 0.05 in molar ratio proportioning of urea, formaldehyde and melamine; Promptly get urea 400kg, formaldehyde 585kg, melamine 41kg, join in the agitated reactor, under mild acid conditions (pH value is 4.5); Temperature is 75 ℃; Carry out addition reaction (total reaction time 120-150 minute) and generate the monohydroxy urea, dihydroxy urea, trihydroxy urea and a small amount of Uron annular material, under mild acid conditions (pH value is 6.0) then; Temperature is 85 ℃; The low-molecular-weight cyanurotriamide modified urea resin that slightly is polymerized, the reaction time is 30-40 minute, the number-average molecular weight of the cyanurotriamide modified urea resin that obtains is about 120.Cyanurotriamide modified urea resin is a state of the art; But the modified resin that the preparation technology that the present invention adopted obtains compared with prior art; Main advantage has two: one is the addition reaction under taking the acid condition of non-traditional technology, can on the basis of methylolurea linear structure, generate water resistance and the burst size that has significantly reduced formaldehyde that some Uron circulus materials (accounting for about 10%) have significantly improved glue.The 2nd, take the oligomerization polycondensating process, control the mean molecule quantity of glue effectively, make dipping become and be more prone to.
In addition, confirm that through practice used maceration extract can be the maceration extract of prior art among the inventive method embodiment; But preferably adopt the recipe ingredient of maceration extract of the present invention; Component kind that maceration extract of the present invention adopted and weight portion ratio thereof, the mutual mixing amalgamation of weighting agent and impregnating agent is good, and each self-applying on the proportion, waterproof, anti-deformation and the fire resistance that improve timber is replenished each other; Synergy; Bring out the best in each other, make that the density and the intensity of timber increases substantially after the modification, the water resistance and the fire resistance of improved wood also are enhanced simultaneously.Employed Lauxite in the maceration extract wherein; More preferably cyanurotriamide modified Lauxite; More preferably adopt the cyanurotriamide modified urea resin of following method preparation: urea, formaldehyde and melamine in molar ratio 1: (1.10-1.20): (0.04-0.06) proportioning; (pH value is 4.5) addition reaction becomes monohydroxy urine under solutions of weak acidity, dihydroxy urine, trihydroxy urine and a small amount of Uron annular material; (pH value is at 5.5-6.5) slightly is polymerized under mild acid conditions then, and the number-average molecular weight of the cyanurotriamide modified urea resin that obtains is 90-160.
With vacuumizing after the maceration extract emptying 1 hour; Treat that wood surface has not had the mucus of maceration extract to adhere to; With the moisture content after the impregnation process is 40-45%, delivers to the lumber kiln dried, and drying of wood kiln temperature, time, air quantity are like table 4, shown in 5:
Dry 96 hours of table 4, the water content of timber under different baking temperatures and the air quantity
The hot compression complexity is to get into press with dried timber, 10s can be pressed onto in the time appointed thickness for being prone to, otherwise awkward.
Dry 120 hours of table 5, the water content of timber under different baking temperatures and the air quantity
Can know from data, reach 100 ℃ baking temperature, the resin in the timber has the polymerizing curable phenomenon, and difficulty was compressed after it showed as hot press.Therefore the preferred baking temperature of the embodiment of the invention is 80 ℃ and 90 ℃, and be 96 hours and 120 hours drying time, and moisture content is the hot-pressing processing that the slab of 15-18% carries out next step.
Select NYJ2400 type ton hot press for use, 2400 tons of maximum pressures, fixed thick degree 19mm, be compressed to behind the finger gauge position pressurize after 10 minutes release open ejecting plate, temperature, pressure and detection index are as shown in table 6:
The hot pressing contrast test of the plain plate of table 6 Modified Poplar and poplar and detection index
It all is the test specimen of getting under the 10MPa condition that index detects, and the plain plate of poplar is the poplar plate that non-modified is handled.
Can know by data, improve hot pressing temperature and can help the degraded saccharification of hemicellulose in the timber and the thermoplastic fusion of lignin that the cubical expansivity that shows as after the suction of timber obviously reduces; But after surpassing 200 ℃; Wood surface begins charing in various degree to occur, influences its outward appearance, is proper so carry out hot pressing between selecting 180-200 ℃; After press was confirmed, the adjustment platen pressure was less relatively to the influence of test specimen.Use above-mentioned process modification wood to go out moisture content behind the press between 10-12%, density is 600-900kg/m
3, increase about 30-80% with respect to the plain plate density of poplar, also can change the hot press of bigger pressure in addition through the fixed thick degree of adjustment hot press, make the density of innovation wood reach bigger value.The imbibition rate of innovation wood is 6-8% in the embodiment of the invention, case hardness (adopt 810 qualimeters, be commonly called as newton's pen) 4*10
4-5.5*10
4KPa presses back bounce-back 0.7-1.1mm (used pressure is 9-11MPa), compares with the plain plate of poplar, and the innovation wood that adopts process of the present invention to obtain improves a lot on density, intensity and dimensional stability (shown in data in the table 6).
With the smooth pile of the improved wood after the hot-pressing processing, health under the shady and cool ventilation condition (release internal stress) 7-9 days.
With after the hot-pressing processing and health after accomplishing improved wood carry out surperficial slicing handle get final product finished product.
In the present embodiment, also can add coloring agent and anticorrisive agent in the maceration extract, the preferred basic-dyeable fibre of coloring agent, its consumption are looked the color of the high-end timber that needs imitation and are decided, and the addition gap is bigger, generally every cubic metre of timber with dyestuff between 0.5-2kg; Anticorrisive agent mainly is to strengthen the preservation of timber against decay performance, the preferred colourless timber preservative of water-based, and addition is the 5-8% of maceration extract quality.
Above-described embodiment describes preferred implementation of the present invention; Be not that scope of the present invention is limited; Design under the prerequisite of spirit not breaking away from the present invention; Various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. method for modifying wood is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) timber is carried out suction process, suction time is more than 4 hours, and pressure is 2400-2600Pa;
(2) with the processing of increasing weight in the weighting agent of the timber pickling after the suction process, processing time 1-2 hour, pressure >=1.2MPa;
(3) with vacuumizing after the weighting agent emptying 0.5-1 hour, afterwards timber pickling is carried out impregnation process in impregnating agent, processing time 6-8 hour, pressure >=1.0MPa;
(4) with vacuumizing after the maceration extract emptying 0.5-1 hour, the timber after the impregnation process is delivered to the lumber kiln dried, and drying of wood kiln temperature is 80-90 ℃, and the time is 95-120 hour;
(5) dried timber is carried out the thermosetting processed compressed on hot press, and pressure is 9-11MPa, and temperature is 180-200 ℃.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said timber is low-density timber.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said suction, weightening finish and impregnation process are in the vacuum pressure jar, to carry out.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said weighting agent is a waterglass.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said impregnating agent comprises following components in part by weight, 100 parts of thermosetting resins, water-soluble natural organic matter 10-20 part, watery water-proofing agent 3-5 part, fire retardant 0.5-1 part, surfactant 1-2 part.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: said impregnating agent comprises following components in part by weight, 100 parts of Lauxites, corn flour 10-20 part, emulsified wax 3-5 part, boric acid 0.5-1 part, alkylbenzenesulfonate 1-2 part.
7. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: said Lauxite is cyanurotriamide modified Lauxite, and its preparation method is urea, formaldehyde and a melamine in molar ratio 1: (1.10-1.20): (0.04-0.06) proportioning; Addition reaction becomes monohydroxy urine under acid condition, dihydroxy urine, trihydroxy urine and a small amount of Uron circulus material; Under mild acid conditions, be polymerized then; The number-average molecular weight of cyanurotriamide modified urea resin is 90-160, and the temperature of addition reaction is 40-90 ℃, and the temperature of polymerisation is 80-85 ℃; Wherein the pH value of preferred said acid condition is 4.5, and the pH value of preferred said mild acid conditions is 5.5-6.5.
8. according to claim 5 or 6 described methods, it is characterized in that: said impregnating agent also includes coloring agent and anticorrisive agent.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the time of said suction process is 4-6 hour, and pressure is 2500Pa, and the pressure that said weightening finish is handled is 1.2-1.5MPa, and the pressure of said impregnation process is 1.0-1.5MPa.
10. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the moisture content of timber is at 28-32% after the said suction process; The gain in weight that back timber is handled in weightening finish is 30-35%; The gain in weight of timber is 15-20% after the impregnation process, and the moisture content of timber is 15-18% after the dried, and the gain in weight of the moisture content of timber≤12%, timber is 15-20% after the thermosetting processed compressed.
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| CN103433982A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-12-11 | 南京林业大学 | Processing method of crosswise laminated plate |
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