CN102391878A - Method for producing long-acting soil conditioning agent by using potassium feldspar and organic waste - Google Patents
Method for producing long-acting soil conditioning agent by using potassium feldspar and organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN102391878A CN102391878A CN2011102870532A CN201110287053A CN102391878A CN 102391878 A CN102391878 A CN 102391878A CN 2011102870532 A CN2011102870532 A CN 2011102870532A CN 201110287053 A CN201110287053 A CN 201110287053A CN 102391878 A CN102391878 A CN 102391878A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing a long-acting soil conditioning agent by using potassium feldspar and organic waste. Potassium feldspar, limestone, aid and coal are used as raw materials in the method. The method comprises the following steps of: roasting the crushed raw materials in a rotary kiln by adding the coal, and cooling and milling the roasted raw materials; and mixing the powder and the organic waste such as animal excrement in a farm and the like, performing anaerobic and aerobic continuous fermentation step by step, performing partial dehydration, and thus obtaining a finished product. The produced long-acting soil conditioning agent contains a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, soluble silicon, humic acid and the like, so the soil conditioning agent can effectively improve the soil and provides nutritional components for crops for long time. The soil conditioning agent can be directly applied, and can also be applied with chemical fertilizers. According to the method for producing the long-acting soil conditioning agent by using the potassium feldspar and the organic waste, the production raw materials are mineral in the nature and waste in the farm, the raw materials are extremely rich and cheap, and the production process is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of working method of soil conditioner, especially relate to a kind of method of producing long-acting soil conditioner with potassium felspar sand and organic waste.
Background technology
Plant-growth mainly needs 16 kinds of essential nutritive elements, and with regard to importance, wherein potassium element belongs to the 3rd.In China's agricultural fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio long-run disturbance are lower than reasonable levels, and especially potash fertilizer is out of proportion even more serious.China is the very country of shortage of soluble potassium resource, 1.16 hundred million tons of Qinghai sylvite reserves (KCl meter), potassium-rich brine ore bed KCl average grade 1.29%; 2.5 hundred million tons of Lop Nur, Xinjiang sylvite reserves (KCl meter), bittern KCl average grade 1.40%.China's soluble potassium salt reserves per capita is merely 1/14 of world standard; Can not satisfy the needs of agricultural development far away.And potassium application is to improve the crop quality most important factor, causes a large amount of import potash fertilizer of having to.At present, the external interdependency of China's potash fertilizer reaches more than 80%.Therefore, searching can be used to produce the potassium resource of potash fertilizer, seeks new potash fertilizer working method, to satisfy the needs of agriculture prodn, to promoting that agricultural development has important practical significance.
Though it is few that China can directly be used to produce the water-soluble potassium ore resources of potash fertilizer, insoluble potassium resource is very abundant, of a great variety.Potassium felspar sand is exactly wherein more important a kind of.Usually potash feldspar and slightly-inclined stone all are called potassium felspar sand, and chemical formula is K
2OAl
2O
36SiO
2, contain K
2O16.9%, Al
2O
318.4%, SiO
264.7%.If can the potassium felspar sand resource be used to produce potash fertilizer, just can overcome potash fertilizer resources of production problem of shortage, China is promoted that agricultural produce will produce immeasurable effect.
Because potassium felspar sand has very stable Si-Al-O structure, the chemical property stabilizer pole except that hydrofluoric acid, is decomposed by acid, alkali under the normal temperature and pressure hardly, and technology development work is made slow progress.Typical at present operational path has: (1) direct method: potassium felspar sand, Wingdale are worn into powder by a certain percentage, add the laggard capable high-temperature roasting of less water mixing balling-up, utilize quicklime to destroy the structure of potassium felspar sand mineral, regrind into powder, be potash-lime fertilizer.(2) volatilization method: other raw materials such as potassium felspar sand and Wingdale are at high temperature calcined, the potassium volatilization is overflowed, capture recovery then, prepare the higher fertilizer of potassium content then.(3) fluorine decomposition method: in inorganic acid medium, in decomposing of potassium feldspar below 200 ℃, process by product potassium silicofluoride is water insoluble with fluorochemical or fluorine-containing auxiliary agent, simultaneously, and the fluorine serious corrosion.(4) caustic leaching process: following to NaOH-Ca (OH) at 100 ℃~400 ℃
2Mixed solution high pressure extraction potassium ion is produced potash fertilizer through further processing.Above several method prepares in the process that energy consumption is higher, and especially the fluoride consumption is higher, and comprehensive utilization of resources is not ideal enough, discharging in various degree more " three wastes " material, caused bigger pollution for environment or atmosphere.
Soil conditioner is to be main raw material by agricultural water-loss reducer and the natural peat or other organism that are rich in organic matter, humic acid; Being aided with bioactive ingredients and nutritive element forms; Through the product that scientific technology processes, extremely significant " water conservation, getting fat, ventilative " three big soil conditioning performances are arranged.Can break soil compaction, chessom, the raising gas permeability of soil, reduce the soil weight, promote soil microbial activities, strengthen soil rich water seepage force; Have and improve the soil, administer desert. the water conservation drought resisting, strengthen the disease-resistant crops ability, improve crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product, recover functions such as farm crop ecosystem, increase substantially survival rate of planting and agricultural output; Improve the agriculture and forestry product quality, recover the natural style and features of agriculture and forestry product.Nuisanceless fully, pollution-free, the lifeless matter hormone is different from various chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, foliage fertilizer and bio-hormone on the world market, is the novel green production means of world's eagroforestry plantation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly for the defective that overcomes above-mentioned prior art existence a kind of method of producing long-acting soil conditioner with potassium felspar sand and organic waste to be provided, and this method production cost is low, resource can be fully used; Resulting long-acting soil conditioner can make system be in metastable state simultaneously, can under certain edaphic condition, progressively discharge again, reaches the effect of slow.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical scheme:
A kind of method of utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner, its characteristics are that this method comprises following process step:
(1) batching: potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, auxiliary agent are by 10: (5~10): the parts by weight of (1~5) are prepared burden;
(2) fragmentation: batching is crushed to 50~100mm;
(3) roasting: the batching after the fragmentation is added to carries out roasting in the rotary kiln;
(4) cooling: the batching after the roasting is cooled off, and it is cooled to about 100 ℃;
(5) abrasive dust: cooled batching grinding to median size is 0.5~1.5mm;
(6) mix: the powder behind the mill mixes by weight (1: 10)~(10: 1) with organic waste;
(7) anaerobically fermenting: mixture moves into the one grade fermemtation pond, under the effect of anerobes, ferments;
(8) aerobic fermentation: the product material behind the anaerobically fermenting moves into the second order fermentation pond, under the effect of aerobic bacteria, carries out aerobic Secondary Fermentation;
(9) dehydration: the product behind the aerobic fermentation carries out partly dehydrating, promptly makes long-acting soil conditioner finished product.
Organic waste among the present invention is the fowl poultry movement of natural peat or feedlot.
Auxiliary agent in the batching among the present invention is selected from one or more in gypsum, sal epsom and the sodium sulfate.
The rotary kiln maturing temperature is 1000~1200 ℃ in the step among the present invention (3), and roasting time is 10~30 minutes.
Grinding to the median size of batching described in the step among the present invention (5) is 0.1mm.
The anaerobically fermenting time is 10~30 days among the present invention, and the aerobic fermentation time is 10~30 days.
Aerobic fermentation institute heat requirement is to be provided by the hot gas flow that roasting batching postcooling batching produces among the present invention.
Product after utilizing heat in the tail gas that the rotary kiln roasting produces to aerobic fermentation among the present invention carries out partly dehydrating.
The recyclable utilization of biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces among the present invention.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the raw material that uses is raiseeed excremental organic waste, is reached some auxiliary agents as the fowl of potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, coal, feedlot; Raw materials cost is lower; And fowl poultry movement is to need to handle always, meets the industry policy of country and the theory of low consumption environment protection.
2, combine with biological treatment with Re Fa, can make rational use of resources and the energy, learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, hot method changes the physicochemical property of inorganic mineral, utilizes the microbiological property of fermentation method that it is further changed again.The long-acting soil conditioner product of producing is applied in the soil can make the nutrient stripping again in a considerable time, to reach quick-acting and the effect of slow bonded.
3, in biological treatment process; Adopt the method for two stage fermentation; At first adopt first anaerobically fermenting longer cycle, carry out the mode of aerobic fermentation again, can effectively deepen the degree of reacting; Promote the transformation of organic slaking, innoxious and part potassium form, make product have the reasonable component ratio, improve the quality of product.
4, the finished product are the long-acting soil conditioner that contains a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, organic soil ulmin, can effectively improve the soil, and in a long time crop nutrient composition are provided.Product can use separately, also can use jointly with chemical fertilizer.
5, in process of production, through the combination collocation of technology, the recyclable part energy that utilizes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
Embodiment 1
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 5: 1: 1: 1 weight part mixes, with mixture through jaw crusher or otherwise be crushed to 50~100mm.Mixture after the fragmentation is added a certain amount of coal or other fuel carries out roasting in rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 10 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, it is 0.5~1.5mm powder that the abrasive dust that uses then that air swept mill becomes median size.Carried out anaerobically fermenting 10 days after the fowl poultry movement that quality such as in powder, adds mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.The recyclable utilization of biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces.
Embodiment 2
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 6: 1: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 20 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be 0.5~1.5mm powder to abrasive dust then.Carried out anaerobically fermenting 10 days after the fowl poultry movement that quality such as in powder, adds mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 3
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 10: 1: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 30 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be 0.5~1.5mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 9: 1 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 20 days after fowl poultry movement mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 4
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 3: 2: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1100 ℃, roasting time 15 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 8: 2 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 15 days after fowl poultry movement mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 15 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 5
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 8: 1: 2: 2 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 25 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 6: 4 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 25 days after fowl poultry movement mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 25 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 6
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 3: 1: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1200 ℃, roasting time 10 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 3: 7 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 30 days after fowl poultry movement mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 7
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.Potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum are mixed by 10: 5: 1 weight part, mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1200 ℃, roasting time 30 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 2: 8 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 10 days after fowl poultry movement mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 8
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom by 10: 5: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1100 ℃, roasting time 20 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 4: 6 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 20 days after natural peat mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 20 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 9
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sodium sulfate by 10: 5: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 25 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Carried out anaerobically fermenting 30 days after the adding natural peat mixed in powder by 1: 10, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 10 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Embodiment 10
With the method that potassium felspar sand and organic waste are produced long-acting soil conditioner, the technical process of present embodiment is shown in accompanying drawing 1.With potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, gypsum, sal epsom, sodium sulfate by 10: 6: 1: 1: 1 weight part mixes, and mixture is crushed to 50~100mm.With carrying out roasting in the adding of the mixture after the fragmentation rotary kiln, maturing temperature is controlled at 1000 ℃, roasting time 10 minutes.After roasting finishes, batching is cooled off, formed the sand shape material, to become median size be the 0.1mm powder to abrasive dust then.Add in powder in 10: 1 ratios and to carry out anaerobically fermenting 30 days after natural peat mixes, add aerobic bacteria again and fermented 30 days.The tail gas that mixture after the fermentation utilizes the rotary kiln roasting to produce carries out drying and dewatering, promptly is prepared into the long-acting soil conditioner of product.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that; Above embodiment is used for explaining the present invention; And be not to be used as qualification of the present invention; As long as in connotation scope of the present invention, all will drop in the claim protection domain of the present invention variation, the modification of the above embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. method of utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner is characterized in that this method comprises following process step:
(1) batching: potassium felspar sand, Wingdale, auxiliary agent are by 10: (5~10): the parts by weight of (1~5) are prepared burden;
(2) fragmentation: batching is crushed to 50~100mm;
(3) roasting: the batching after the fragmentation is added to carries out roasting in the rotary kiln;
(4) cooling: the batching after the roasting is cooled off, and it is cooled to about 100 ℃;
(5) abrasive dust: cooled batching grinding to median size is 0.5~1.5mm;
(6) mix: the powder behind the mill mixes by weight (1: 10)~(10: 1) with organic waste;
(7) anaerobically fermenting: mixture moves into the one grade fermemtation pond, under the effect of anerobes, ferments;
(8) aerobic fermentation: the product material behind the anaerobically fermenting moves into the second order fermentation pond, under the effect of aerobic bacteria, carries out aerobic Secondary Fermentation;
(9) dehydration: the product behind the aerobic fermentation carries out partly dehydrating, promptly makes long-acting soil conditioner finished product.
2. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that described organic waste is the fowl poultry movement of natural peat or feedlot.
3. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that described auxiliary agent is selected from one or more in gypsum, sal epsom and the sodium sulfate.
4. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the rotary kiln maturing temperature in the described step (3) is 1000~1200 ℃, and roasting time is 10~30 minutes.
5. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that batching grinding to the median size in the described step (5) is 0.1mm.
6. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the anaerobically fermenting time is 10~30 days.
7. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the aerobic fermentation time is 10~30 days.
8. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that aerobic fermentation institute heat requirement is to be provided by the hot gas flow that roasting batching postcooling batching produces.
9. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1, the product after it is characterized in that utilizing heat in the tail gas that the rotary kiln roasting produces to aerobic fermentation carries out partly dehydrating.
10. the method for utilizing potassium felspar sand and organic waste to produce long-acting soil conditioner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the recyclable utilization of biogas that anaerobically fermenting produces.
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CN109054853A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-21 | 杨辉 | A kind of production technology of mineral type soil conditioner |
CN112939643A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 宁波大学 | Organic solid waste aerobic fermentation conditioner, preparation method and use method thereof |
CN112939643B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-08-15 | 宁波大学 | Organic solid waste aerobic fermentation conditioner, preparation method and use method thereof |
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