CN102378674A - 用于借助超声波处理包装材料的设备和方法 - Google Patents

用于借助超声波处理包装材料的设备和方法 Download PDF

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CN102378674A
CN102378674A CN2010800150047A CN201080015004A CN102378674A CN 102378674 A CN102378674 A CN 102378674A CN 2010800150047 A CN2010800150047 A CN 2010800150047A CN 201080015004 A CN201080015004 A CN 201080015004A CN 102378674 A CN102378674 A CN 102378674A
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sonotrode
anvil piece
gap
anvil
contact
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CN102378674B (zh
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J·伊佩斯
U·维杜威尔特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/083—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil
    • B29C65/087—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations using a rotary sonotrode or a rotary anvil using both a rotary sonotrode and a rotary anvil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/8223—Worm or spindle mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
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    • B29C66/82265—Eccentric mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8227—Transmission mechanisms using springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8351—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws
    • B29C66/83511—Jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders, drums, bands, belts or chains; Flying jaws jaws mounted on rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92611—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the gap between the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops
    • B29C66/92653—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools by using stops said stops being adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种设备和一种方法，其中，所述设备用于借助超声波处理包装材料并且包括：至少一个超声焊极(10)；至少一个砧块(12)，其中，在所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间为了包装材料的超声波密封而构造有间隙，所述包装材料可被引导通过所述间隙；至少一个调整装置(50)，其调整所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)；至少一个发生器(70)，其将输入电压转换成合适的输出电压，换能器(74)将所述输出电压转换成机械振荡，以在所述超声焊极(10)处产生超声波振荡，其中，设有调节装置或控制装置(78)，用于根据作用于所述超声焊极(10)的至少一个电参量(P，E，R)来调节或控制所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。

Description

用于借助超声波处理包装材料的设备和方法
技术领域
本发明从根据独立权利要求的分类的借助超声波处理包装材料的设备和方法出发。
背景技术
DE 19753740C1公开了一种借助超声波单元处理材料带的设备，所述超声波单元具有超声焊极和相对器件。引导所述材料带通过超声焊极与相对器件之间的间隙，其中，超声焊极夹紧在滑块中并且可通过调整装置关于相对器件进行调整。通过力传感器测量在相对器件的方向上对超声焊极施加的力。通过超声焊极的如此求得的压紧力，可以通过控制装置使超声焊极朝着相对器件或者远离相对器件地运动。最优的压紧力首先在试验中求得并且作为额定值存储在控制或调节装置中。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，说明一种设备和方法，其中，进一步改善密封间隙的调整和调节并且实现相同的密封焊缝质量。所述任务通过独立权利要求的特征解决。
与现有技术相比，根据本发明的设备和方法具有如下优点：即使在温度波动情况下也可以可靠地保持密封辊彼此之间的均匀距离。这能够实现相同的密封焊缝质量。根据作用于超声焊极的至少一个电参量进行密封间隙的调节或控制。在此，可以涉及发生器的电输出量，所述发生器向换能器提供用于生成机械超声波振荡的高频电能，而所述换能器又相应地加载超声焊极。电参量可以非常容易地集成到调节装置或控制装置中并且往往已经存在。因此，例如发生器功率或发生器能量在相应的发生器调节装置中可供使用。另一方面，超声焊极的有针对性的电压加载——作为其他电参量——可以通过特别简单的方式成为接触识别的组成部分。
在通过发生器调节装置的电参量结合接触识别的间隙测量中，可以省略用于进一步校正的附加的温度传感器。也不再需要单独的力传感器。接触识别考虑，在上方的和下方的密封辊上施加电压，其中，在即将接触之前会出现电击穿。因此，密封辊的即将发生的接触可以根据电流流动来确定并且因此特别适用于通过发生器调节装置的电参量的间隙测量不特别适用的区域。因此，可靠地识别所有间隙大小。接触时的电流流动也可以特别容易地进行识别以及集成到间隙的调节或控制中。
在一个符合目的的扩展方案中，初始化调节或控制，其中，平行地移动密封辊中的至少一个，直至接触。接着，仅仅使一侧下降直至接触，随后使另一侧下降。由此确保密封辊保持彼此平行。所述方法可以自动地运行。
由从属权利要求和说明书中得到其他符合目的的扩展方案。
附图说明
在附图中示出并且随后详细描述用于借助超声波处理包装材料的设备和方法的实施例。
附图示出：
图1：用于处理包装材料的设备的立体前视图，
图2：根据图1的设备的后视图，
图3：耦合装置的侧视图，
图4：另一替换耦合装置的侧视图，
图5：扩展有调整装置的用于处理包装材料的设备的另一实施例的立体图，
图6：第一调整装置的侧视图，
图7：第二调整装置的侧视图，
图8：第三调整装置的侧视图，
图9：初始化的流程图，
图10：间隙调节的流程图，以及
图11：调节结构的电路框图。
具体实施方式
在根据图1的设备中，超声焊极10在两侧分别由一个轴承端盖14可旋转支承地引导。用于超声焊极10的两个轴承端盖14在设备8的上侧通过上支承装置22——在此示例性地实施为支杆——侧向地彼此连接。同样旋转支承的砧块12与超声焊极10共同作用。砧块12支承在两个轴承端盖16中。超声焊极10的轴承端盖14通过耦合装置20与分别位于其下的砧块12的轴承端盖16连接。砧块12的两个轴承端盖16又与下支承装置24侧向地连接，所述下支承装置24示例性地构造为支承管。在耦合装置20的关于超声焊极10或砧块12的旋转轴相对置的侧面上分别设置有力装置18，通过这些力装置可以将所需的密封力施加到超声焊极10和砧块12的密封面上。在力装置18的上方分别设有调整装置30。由此可以校准密封力或密封间隙s。
在图1中描述的设备8的在图2中示出的后视图中可以看到，超声焊极10的轴承端盖14通过耦合装置20分别与设置在其下方的砧块12的轴承端盖16彼此连接，所述耦合装置示例性地实施为横梁。耦合装置20在上端部处通过两个紧固元件21在正面与轴承端盖14、在下端部处通过两个紧固元件21与轴承端盖16连接。在此，在超声焊极10的轴承端盖14的下棱边与砧块12的轴承端盖16的上棱边之间设有间隙，所述间隙仅仅通过耦合装置20跨接。此外，设有驱动装置28，所述驱动装置通过驱动元件26反向地驱动超声焊极10以及砧块12。
在根据图3的视图中，可以看到作为圆形开口的用于旋转的超声焊极10和旋转的砧块12的轴承容纳部。超声焊极10的轴承端盖14与砧块12的轴承端盖16在一侧通过实施为横梁的耦合装置20连接。在相对置的一侧，力装置18通过充当联接部的耦合装置20对轴承端盖14、16彼此施加力。在朝着耦合装置20的方向上，轴承端盖14、16分别具有缺口23。可以通过如此产生的弯曲长度来影响弯杆20的期望弯曲能力。在示出的装置中，横梁充当旋转点，通过所述旋转点可以改变超声焊极10与砧块12之间的距离。耦合装置20作为横梁的实施方式提供了两个轴承端盖14、16之间相对刚性、但可弯曲的连接。弯杆作为耦合装置20的使用在碰撞情形中还充当过载保护。因此，即使在例如产品或杂质可能卡在超声焊极10与砧块12之间的情形中，横梁20也允许超声焊极14与砧块16之间的密封间隙s的定义的打开和弯曲。
根据调整，可以改变超声焊极10与砧块12之间的间隙s。力装置18使上方的和下方的轴承端盖14、16绕旋转点56彼此运动并且将力施加到密封面上。为此，挺杆48在一侧与超声焊极10的轴承端盖14连接，从而挺杆48的运动也导致轴承端盖14的运动。挺杆48以可相对于轴承端盖16运动的方式穿过砧块12的轴承端盖16中的开口并且止于凸缘51。凸缘51充当弹簧49的支承面，所述弹簧支撑在相对于砧块12的轴承端盖16的下侧的另一侧上。弹簧49实施为螺旋弹簧并且包围挺杆48。力装置18优选实施成是可校准的。为此，例如螺栓形式的调整装置30可以改变弹簧49的预应力并且由此最终改变密封力。
在根据图4的实施例中，作为耦合装置20设有衬套-螺栓连接，所述衬套-螺栓连接能够实现两个轴承端盖14、16彼此绕旋转点56的旋转运动。但重要的是，耦合装置20以如下方式允许超声焊极10的轴承端盖14与砧块12的轴承端盖16之间的相对运动：超声焊极10和砧块16可以彼此相对运动，以便根据包装材料来设置间隙s的调整。绕旋转点56的旋转轴与超声焊极10和砧块12的旋转轴平行。
根据图5的实施例与图1和图2的实施例的不同基本上在于：示出了附加的调整装置50。调整装置50包括耦合装置52和螺栓54，所述螺栓用于间隙调整，其方式是，相对于砧块12的轴承端盖16调整超声焊极10的轴承端盖14。此外，在根据图5的实施例中，耦合装置20设置在侧面。在此，在旋转点56中，螺栓与超声焊极10的轴承端盖14耦合，并且相应地配合在螺栓中的衬套与砧块12的轴承端盖16耦合。
在根据图6至8的实施例中示出了超声焊极10的轴承端盖14与砧块12的轴承端盖16之间的调整可能性的不同变型方案。图6对应于图5中示出的变型方案，其中，调整装置50通过耦合装置52和螺栓54挤压超声焊极10的轴承端盖14的下棱边并且因此实现绕旋转点56的相对运动。调整装置50设置成相对远离旋转点56。作为调整装置50例如设置伺服电机，所述伺服电机通过螺栓54将平移运动施加到轴承端盖14上。下方的轴承端盖16在此在一定程度上充当基座，并且上方的轴承端盖14在旋出螺栓54时通过所述螺栓向上挤压。力装置18此外还负责：上方的轴承端盖14始终贴靠在螺栓54上并且因此在旋入螺栓54时向下运动。由于连续地来自上方的压力，不会不利地出现螺纹间隙。在左边的和右边的轴承端盖14、16中分别使用具有螺栓54的伺服电机提供了如下可能性：自动地彼此平行地对准超声焊极10和砧块12。在根据图6的实施例中，可以非常准确地实现非常小的以及较大的调整行程。
在根据图7的实施例中，可以通过偏心轮58改变距离，所述偏心轮平行于超声焊极10和砧块12的旋转轴可旋转地支承。同样，力装置18实现两个轴承端盖14、16之间的预应力。伺服电机的旋转运动通过偏心轮盘58转换成平移运动。偏心轮盘58固定地支承，而通过偏心轮盘58提升或降低上方的轴承端盖14。
在根据图8的实施例中，设有致动器60，所述致动器相对靠近旋转点56。所述致动器例如是将电能转换成机械路径变化的压电致动器60。压电致动器60是有利的，因为其可以实施亚纳米范围内的运动。此外，压电致动器60是无需维护的并且无磨损的。在静态运行中，压电致动器不需要功率。此外，能够使大负载移动。
电发生器70将50Hz、220V的输入电压转换成高频交流电压。大多数系统以20、30或35kHz工作。在所述发生器70上连接有声变换器(换能器74)，所述声变换器又将电能转换成高频的机械振荡。借助变幅块(增强器76)来增强或减弱振幅。在此，振幅变化反比于增强器76的横截面变化。换能器74上的高频振荡由增强器76传递到焊接工具、即超声焊极10上。超声焊极10力锁合地、可容易替换地通过螺旋固定。用于确定间隙尺寸s的变化的一种可能性在于始终存在的发生器调节装置72。发生器70包含电振荡回路，在所述振荡电路中直接反映机械振荡回路的特性。只要振荡回路(无论是机械的还是电的)以其本征频率振荡，则仅须向其提供由于材料或电阻中的摩擦损耗而失去的能量。如果由于密封或切割在其本征振荡方面阻碍超声焊极10，则这也可以在电振荡回路中察觉到。由此从系统获取的能量正比于焊接振幅和焊接力并且也以此程度正比于焊极间隙s。通过启动时的参数设置，可以确定功率P或能量E的容许范围(Pmin，Pmax；Emin，Emax)，在所述容许范围中进行质量良好的焊接。如果离开所述范围，则发生器调节装置72向调节装置或控制装置78提供相应的信号，以相应地匹配间隙大小s。按照所述变化Δs，调节装置或控制装置78控制调整装置50，由此密封间隙s以期望的方式改变。发生器调节装置72产生示例性地在图11中示出的功率P的矩形的时间变化曲线。功率P在超声波焊接10和砧块12的密封面直接对置并且进行超声波密封的时刻具有其最大值。为了实现期望的功率变化曲线，发生器调节装置72不断地检测发生器70的实际功率Pist。
此外，向调节装置或控制装置78输送接触识别装置82的输出信号R，根据所述输出信号R来识别超声焊极10和砧块12即将发生接触。为此通过电压源80在超声焊极10和砧块12上施加优选的低压电压。如果正在进行接触或者马上发生接触，则闭合电路，这可以根据输出信号R得知。调节装置或控制装置78在即将发生接触时如以下更详细地描述的那样增大密封间隙s。
超声焊极10以及砧块12反向地旋转并且在一定程度上实施为密封辊。它们具有多个密封面，在所述多个密封面中可以集成用于分离包装材料的切割功能。根据包装材料的类型，必须以高的准确度来调整密封间隙。超声焊极10的密封面与砧块12的密封面的间距称为密封间隙或者间隙s。通过示例性地在图5至8中示出的调整装置——如调整驱动装置50、偏心轮58或致动器60以所期望的大小来调整所述密封间隙s。它们相对于另一轴承端盖16作用于至少一个轴承端盖14。如果应当在运行中改变间隙s的大小，则调整装置50可以将所述间隙s重新置于所期望的额定量。轴承端盖14、16的端部上的例如实施为弹簧的力装置18用于共同挤压轴承端盖14、16并且施加所需的密封力或切割力。此外，力通过齿形带驱动装置作用于超声焊极10，所述力会提升上方的轴承端盖14，这阻止力装置18。取代弹簧，力装置18还可以气动地或液压地实施。耦合装置20用于超声焊极10的轴承端盖14与砧块的轴承端盖16的可活动的连接。除所描述的变型方案以外，还可以设有线性导引装置，例如柱形导引装置，其允许轴承端盖14、16彼此之间的相对线性运动。
轴承端盖14构成侧拐臂，这些侧壁与支承装置、即支杆22彼此连接。支承管24也可以用于稳定并且充当包装机中的容纳可能性。上方的和下方的密封辊(超声焊极10和砧块12)的驱动耦合通过齿形带进行。密封辊的旋转速度取决于待密封的包装材料管的轨道速度并且可以例如是事件控制的。借助于驱动装置28、例如伺服电机实现所述动态性，所述驱动装置28借助于实施为齿形带的驱动元件26传递力和力矩。所描述的设备能够实现非常准确地和面向应用地调整对于借助于超声波的接合过程而言所需的参数，例如密封间隙s、密封力和密封时间。密封力的调整可以通过力装置18实现。力装置例如实施为弹簧，从而能够实现相对于弹簧特征曲线线性的密封力调整。力装置18作用于两个轴承端盖14、16，从而调整上方的密封辊、超声焊极10与下方的密封辊、砧块12之间的密封力。
在接触识别装置82中，在上方的和下方的密封辊、即超声焊极10和砧块12上施加大约5至10V的电压。在即将发生超声焊极10与砧块12的金属接触之前，电路闭合，即以电击穿的形式。在所述电压下，在空气环境与大气压力下，根据温度、湿度和杂质的存在而定，绝缘强度在0.6至1.0μm的距离。如果由于超声焊极10和砧块12的加热而出现间隙尺寸s的减小，则由调节装置或控制装置78提供的信号触发上方的密封辊、即超声焊极10的定义的回程。借助接触识别装置78不可以检测过大的间隙s。
以下根据图9详细地描述调节装置或控制装置78的初始化。在用于借助超声波处理包装材料的设备8的启动时必须确保：密封辊、即超声焊极10和砧块12彼此平行。在初始化开始(步骤101)后，将密封辊10、12置于密封位置中(步骤102)。为此，手动地使密封辊10、12如此彼此对准，使得超声焊极10和砧块12的突缘(Stollen)相对置。所述位置存储在机器控制装置中。使超声焊极10和砧块12彼此相对地移动，从而使它们彼此接触，其中，在哪一侧上接触是未知的。为此，平行地降低两个侧面，直到发生接触(步骤102、103)。随后，将超声焊极10提升Δha至初始间隙。通过接触识别装置82来识别超声焊极10和砧块12是否接触，因为在这种情形中电流流过密封辊10、12。此后，首先降低右侧(步骤104)并且随后降低左侧(步骤105)直至接触，并且分别重新提升左侧和右侧记录的路径变化ΔHr或ΔHI。如果超声焊极10和砧块12不是彼此平行的，则可以由所述两个路径变化ΔHr或ΔHI、超声焊极10的轴承距离B和辊宽b计算校正因子K(步骤108或步骤111)：
K＝(ΔHr-ΔHI)*(B+b)/2b)(步骤108)；
K＝(ΔHI-ΔHr)*(B+b)/2b)(步骤111)
在使较高的一侧下降K(或使较低的一侧提升K)之后，超声焊极10和砧块12平行。在步骤110中，再次降低两侧直至接触，并且随后平行地提升两侧至焊接间隙s。从而结束初始化(步骤113)。
在根据图9的初始化之后，密封辊10、12驶到起始位置(密封突缘不接触，以便穿入包装材料并且启动机器)。现在在图10中详细地解释在调节装置或控制装置78中实现的间隙调节。
在已通过初始化(根据图9的处理方式的步骤202)将密封间隙s调整到预给定的密封间隙s之后，在运行过程中出现超声焊极10和砧块12的加热，从而导致间隙尺寸s的减小。在图10中，根据环境影响、调整装置50、环境温度、密封辊温度等示出了用于间隙调节的相应的调节回路，所述间隙调节具有已经描述的间隙检测和至所要求的密封间隙的间隙调整(参见步骤203)。由环境影响求得所期望的间隙尺寸(步骤204)。在密封时刻，即当超声焊极10和砧块12的密封面在一起时，检测间隙s(步骤206)。在所述时刻检查超声焊极10和砧块12是否接触(步骤208)。这借助于接触识别装置82进行。如果由于电流流动而推断出超声焊极10与砧块12的接触，则增大间隙s(步骤207)。通过发生器调节装置72间隙检测的并行地进行。为此，在密封时刻，在密封辊10、12的每第m+1次结合(m等于密封突缘的数量)时，比较发生器调节装置72提供的功率Pist与允许的功率Pmin、Pmax。位于极限Pmin和Pmax内的允许功率在启动时通过参数设置确定并且包括进行质量良好的焊接的功率范围Pmin至Pmax。如果所测量的电功率Pist向上偏离允许范围Pmax(Pist＞Pmax)，则间隙过窄(询问213)并且增大间隙(步骤214)。作为结果，调整驱动装置50促使增大间隙s几微米。如果功率Pist小于允许功率Pmin(Pist＜Pmin；询问212)，则必须减小间隙(步骤215)。替换地，也可以比较作为发生器70的输出量的其他合适的电参量、如能量E(作为功率P的积分)与相应的极限值Emax、Emin，或者电流、电压等等。
独立于发生器调节装置72，接触识别装置82并行地监控超声焊极10与砧块12之间的距离(步骤208)。一旦接触识别装置82的电路闭合，密封辊10、12接触，则独立于发生器调节装置72地触发上方的辊子、在此为超声焊极10的回程，从而增大间隙s(步骤207)。
所描述的设备8尤其适用于施加软管袋的横向密封焊缝，但并不限于此。这样的软管袋机器可以根据待包装的产品水平地或垂直地布置。

Claims (20)

1.用于借助于超声波来处理包装材料的设备，包括
至少一个超声焊极(10)，
至少一个砧块(12)，其中，在所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间为了包装材料的超声波密封而构造有间隙(s)，所述包装材料可被引导通过所述间隙(s)，
至少一个调整装置(50)，其调整所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)，
至少一个发生器(70)，其将输入电压转换成合适的输出电压，换能器(74)将所述输出电压转换成机械振荡，以在所述超声焊极(10)处产生超声波振荡，
其特征在于，设有调节装置或控制装置(78)，用于根据作用于所述超声焊极(10)的至少一个电参量(P，E，R)来调节或控制所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，作为所述电参量使用所述发生器(70)的至少一个输出量(P，E)。
3.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，当所述发生器(70)的至少所述输出量(P，E)超过或低于极限值(Pmin，Pmax；Emin，Emax)时，所述调整装置(50)改变所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
4.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，当所述发生器(70)的所述输出量(P、E)超过极限值(Pmax，Emax)时，所述调整装置(50)增大所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
5.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，接触识别装置(82)的至少一个电输出量(R)设为电参量，所述接触识别装置(82)用于识别所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)的即将发生的接触。
6.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，为了进行所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的接触识别(82)，施加一电压(80)。
7.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，当在所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间流动电流时，所述接触识别装置(82)识别出所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)即将发生接触。
8.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，当所述接触识别装置(82)能够推断出所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)即将发生接触时，所述调整装置(50)增大所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
9.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，在初始化过程中，根据所述接触识别装置(82)的输出信号，调整装置(50)将所述超声焊极(10)和所述砧块(12)彼此相对调整，使得所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)彼此平行。
10.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，在初始化过程中，根据直至所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)接触的路径变化(ΔH或ΔHI)，所述调整装置(50)将所述超声焊极(10)或所述砧块(12)彼此相对调整一个校正因子(K)。
11.用于借助于超声波处理包装材料的方法，其中，在超声焊极(10)与砧块(12)之间为了包装材料的超声波密封而构造有间隙(s)，所述包装材料可被引导通过所述间隙(s)，其中，能够调整所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)，其中，将输入电压转换成合适的输出电压，所述输出电压被转换成机械振荡，以在所述超声焊极(10)处产生超声波振荡，其特征在于，根据作用于所述超声焊极(10)的至少一个电参量(P，E，R)来改变所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，作为所述电参量使用将所述输入电压转换成输出电压的发生器(70)的至少一个输出量(P，E)。
13.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述发生器(70)的至少所述输出量(P、E)超过或低于极限值(Pmin，Pmax；Emin，Emax)时，改变所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
14.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述发生器(70)的所述输出量(P、E)超过极限值(Pmax；Emax)时，增大所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
15.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，作为电参量使用接触识别装置(82)的至少一个电输出量(R)，所述接触识别装置(82)用于识别所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)的即将发生的接触。
16.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了进行所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的接触识别(82)，施加一电压(80)。
17.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当在所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间流动电流时，所述接触识别装置(82)识别出所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)即将发生接触。
18.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述接触识别装置(82)能够推断出所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)即将发生接触时，增大所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)之间的所述间隙(s)。
19.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在初始化过程中，根据所述接触识别装置(82)的输出信号，将所述超声焊极(10)和所述砧块(12)彼此相对调整，使得所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)彼此平行。
20.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在初始化过程中，根据直至所述超声焊极(10)与所述砧块(12)接触的路径变化(ΔH或ΔHI)，将所述超声焊极(10)或所述砧块(12)相对彼此调整一个校正因子(K)。
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