CN102368912A - 高抗性淀粉全谷物材料用于饱腹感、减少食物摄入量和控制体重的用途 - Google Patents
高抗性淀粉全谷物材料用于饱腹感、减少食物摄入量和控制体重的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗性淀粉含量高的全谷物产品用于提高哺乳动物饱腹感的用途。本发明还涉及通过增加这种饱腹感进行体重控制。所述全谷物产品可以加入食物中,而且获得加强,同时不会显著牺牲食品的感官质量特征,包括质地和风味,还能增加其营养价值。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及到高抗性淀粉(RS)全谷物产品用于增加哺乳动物饱腹感的程度和持续时间的用途。本发明进一步涉及通过增加这种饱腹感来减少食物摄入量和/或控制体重。
不同食物提供不同的饱腹感或缺乏饥饿的感觉。换句话说,食用不同食物的相等能量部分的哺乳动物可能会感到更强的饱腹感或缺乏进食欲望。因此,食用增强或较高饱腹感的食物后,哺乳动物可能放弃或推迟进食额外部分或食用较少部分,从而降低食用的热量总数。因此,增强或较高饱腹感食物可能会在一定程度上减少哺乳动物食用的食物数量和促进更健康的饮食,进而有助于控制体重和减少患糖尿病、心脏疾病、某些癌症和其他体重相关疾病的风险。
发明概述
本发明涉及到高抗性淀粉(RS)全谷物产品用于增加哺乳动物饱腹感的用途。全谷物产品的来源之一是高直链淀粉的全谷物产品。本发明进一步涉及通过增加这种饱腹感效果的程度和持续时间来控制体重和/或减少食物摄入。可以将全谷物产品加入食物中,获得这种加强,同时不会显著牺牲食品的感官质量特征,包括质地和风味,而且还能增加其营养价值。
本文使用的术语“全谷物产品”或“全谷产品”,不仅是用来包括谷类本身,也是用来包括已采用本领域技术人员所熟知的工艺而被部分加工的那些,例如,干碾磨的谷物,如粗磨粉、粗粉、去壳谷物和面粉。它不是用来包括已经处理去除谷物一部分(如淀粉)的全谷物。
术语“总膳食纤维含量”(TDF)可包括抗人体消化酶水解(消化)的植物材料的残余物和多糖,包括非淀粉多糖、抗性淀粉、lignanin和微量成份,如蜡、角质和木栓质。本文使用的TDF被定义为由AOAC方法991.43中所述的测试所述的,经过滤分离的未消化物质的重量来衡量。
术语“抗性淀粉(RS)”定义为不被健康个体的小肠吸收的淀粉和淀粉降解产物的总和,并可由多种本领域所知的多种测试来测定。如文中所述,在此限定的抗性淀粉是用胰α-淀粉酶和淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(AMG)处理,采用改进的Englyst方法测量的。高抗性淀粉含量是指基于淀粉重量至少有40%重量的抗性淀粉含量。
本文使用的术语“高直链淀粉”被限定为基于全谷物中的淀粉重量计,对于小麦或大米至少包含27%的直链淀粉,对于除小麦和大米之外的其他来源至少包含50%的直链淀粉,在一个实施方案中,包含至少70%,另一个实施方案中,特别地至少80%,而在另一个实施方案中,至少有90%的直链淀粉。直链淀粉百分比是采用下文中所述的电位测试来测定的。
此处使用的增加饱腹感,意为经本领域技术人员所知的经临床认知的方法测定的饱腹感增强。更具体地说,它是指在食用含有全谷物产品食物后至少两小时内,相比食用代替同等卡路里含量的全谷物产品的易消化淀粉食物,卡路里摄入量显著减少。
本文所用的哺乳动物包括人类。
发明详述
本发明涉及高抗性淀粉全谷物产品用于增加哺乳动物饱腹感的用途。本发明还涉及作为诱使饱腹感结果的热量摄入的减少,这两者都将有助于体重控制。
全谷物可以是由任意含有高直链淀粉的天然来源得到的任意天然谷物。本文使用的天然谷物是在自然界中发现的。由植物通过标准育种技术,包括杂交、易位、倒置、转化或包括其变体的任何其他基因或染色体工程方法所衍生得到的谷物同样适用。此外,衍生自突变育种的已知标准方法产生的上述种属组成诱导的突变和变异所长成植物的谷物同样适用于本文。
基本谷物的典型来源是谷类,包括高直链淀粉的小麦、玉米(玉蜀黍)、大米、大麦、黑麦、高粱类,在一个实施方案中为高直链淀粉玉米,另一实施方案中为含有至少70%直链淀粉含量的高直链淀粉玉米。
另一种有用的含有高直链淀粉的基本谷物是从具有直链淀粉扩展基因型的植物中提取的,所述成份淀粉含有少于10%重量的支链淀粉。这种谷物来自植物育种种群,特别是玉米,这是一种种质选择的遗传混种植物,其淀粉包括至少75%重量的直链淀粉,任选至少85%的直链淀粉(即常规直链淀粉),如通过丁醇分馏/阻排色谱技术测定的。该淀粉还含有按重量计不到10%,任选少于5%的支链淀粉和另外约8%-25%的低分子量直链淀粉。该谷物优选来自有一个隐性的直链淀粉扩展基因型伴有众多直链淀粉扩展修饰基因的植物。美国专利No.5,300,145中描述了这种谷物及其制备方法,其说明书通过引用纳入本文。
本发明的全谷物产品可以是基本谷物或由其衍生出的干磨产物。该全谷物产品也包括由本领域技术人员所知晓的任意方法改良的那些,包括那些增加该全谷物产品中总膳食纤维和/或抗性淀粉含量的改良。在一个实施方案中,全谷物产品是如例如美国专利5,593,503和5,902,410和美国公开2002-0197373和2006-0263503中所描述的经过湿热处理的,其中的说明书通过引用纳入本文。在一个实施方案,全谷物产品中淀粉的主要颗粒结构并没有被完全破坏,尽管可能是部分溶胀的,只要其结晶性未被完全破坏。相应的,本文使用的术语“颗粒淀粉”,是指淀粉至少保留其部分颗粒结构的淀粉,从而表现出部分结晶性,由此使得根据美国专利号5,849,090中描述的方法,所述颗粒是双折射的,并且在偏振光下马耳他十字显著。
以淀粉的重量计,在本发明的一个实施方案中,全谷物产品具有至少40%的抗性淀粉含量,在另一个实施方案中,至少50%,在另一个实施方案中,至少约60%,在另一个实施方案中,至少70%。
按全谷物产品的重量计,在本发明的一个实施方案中,全谷物产品具有至少20%的总膳食纤维含量,在另一个实施方案中,至少30%,在另一个实施方案中,至少40%,在另一个实施方案中,至少50%,在进一步的实施方案中,至少60%。
本发明的全谷物产品可直接食用或用于任何食品或饮料产品(以下统称为食品)。典型的食品包括但不限于,谷类食物,如即食、膨化或膨胀的谷物和食用前烹饪的谷类食物;焙烤食品,如面包、饼干、曲奇、蛋糕、松饼、蛋卷、酥皮糕点以及其它基于谷物的成份;意大利面食;饮料;油炸和涂层食品;小食;和发酵奶制品,如酸奶、奶酪和酸奶油。食品还包括营养产品,包括但不限于,益生元及合生元组合物,糖尿病食品和补充食品,食疗食品,控制血糖反应的食物,以及片剂和其它药物剂型。益生元组合物,是一种通过选择性刺激已经存在于结肠中的一种或有限数量的细菌生长、活动或两者来有益地影响宿主的不易消化食物成份。合生元组合物可以是酸奶,胶囊或引入包括人类的宿主动物的其他形式,在其中益生元与活的微生物食品补充剂结合使用。活的微生物食品补充剂通过改善肠道微生物平衡有益地影响宿主动物。
全谷物产品的添加量使得一份食品能有效增加饱腹感,但保留食品的良好感官特性,还不会造成显著的肠道压力,在一个例子中,添加至少15g/份的量,在其他例子中,至少20g、25g、30g、35g、40g、45g或50g/份,但不超过60g/份。在本发明的一个方面中,全谷物产品至少作为非全谷物或非高直链淀粉碳水化合物产品的部分替代品加入到食品中,例如,替代抗性淀粉含量不高的淀粉或谷物、粗磨粉、去壳谷物、粗粉或面粉。在本发明的另一个方面中,添加全谷物产品以替代产品中至少15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%或50%的碳水化合物。
将全谷物产品加入食品中没有以任何有害方式显著影响食品的感官质量特征,包括质地和风味,还在某些情况下提供风味感官变化。而且,在食品中添加全谷物产品还可能会增加食品的营养价值,特别是膳食纤维的含量。
食用食品中的全谷物产品使得饱足感增加至少12%,另一个实施方案中,至少14%,而在另一个实施方案中至少16%。这种热量摄入的减少,可能会进一步导致增加的体重降低。
增强餐后饱腹感的一个重要益处是,通过延长进食间隔和/或减少每餐的食物食用量来帮助哺乳动物降低体重,从而减少额外食用的热量(每日热量摄入)。
以下实施方案是对本发明的进一步说明和解释,但并不作为任何方面的限制。
1.一种包含饱腹感有效量的具有高抗性淀粉含量的全谷物产品的食品。
2.实施方案1的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少15g每份食品。
3.实施方案2的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少20g每份食品。
4.实施方案3的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少25g每份食品。
5.实施方案4的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少30g每份食品。
6.实施方案5的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少35g每份食品。
7.实施方案6的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少40g每份食品。
8.实施方案7的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少45g每份食品。
9.实施方案8的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少50g每份食品。
10.实施方案1-9中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为不超过60g每份食品。
11.实施方案1-10中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品选自谷物、粗磨粉、去壳谷物、面粉、粗粉及其混合物组成的组。
12.实施方案1-11中任一项的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,全谷物产品具有至少40%的抗性淀粉含量。
13.实施方案12的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,全谷物产品具有至少50%的抗性淀粉含量。
14.实施方案13的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,全谷物产品具有至少60%的抗性淀粉含量。
15.实施方案1-14中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品选自小麦、玉米、大米、大麦、黑麦和高粱组成的组。
16.实施方案15的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,全谷物产品中的直链淀粉含量,对于小麦或大米为具有至少27%直链淀粉,对于其他来源为具有至少约50%直链淀粉。
17.实施方案16的食品,其中全谷物产品具有至少70%的直链淀粉含量。
18.实施方案17的食品,其中全谷物产品具有至少80%的直链淀粉含量。
19.实施方案1-18中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品被热湿处理。
20.实施方案1-19中任一项的食品,其中以全谷物产品的重量计,全谷物产品具有至少20%的总膳食纤维含量。
21.实施方案20的食品,其中以全谷物产品的重量计,全谷物产品具有至少30%的总膳食纤维含量。
22.实施方案1-21中任一项的食品,其中全谷物中的淀粉主要是颗粒状。
23.实施方案1-22中任一项的食品用于增加哺乳动物饱腹感的用途。
24.实施方案1-22中任一项的食品用于预防或治疗肥胖的用途。
25.实施方案1-22中任一项的食品用于减少每日热量摄入的用途。
26.一种增加哺乳动物饱腹感的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物实施方案1-22中任一项的食品。
27.实施方案26的方法,其中饱腹感增加了至少12%。
28.实施方案27的方法,其中饱腹感增加了至少14%。
29.实施方案28的方法,其中饱腹感增加了至少16%。
30.一种预防或治疗哺乳动物肥胖的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物实施方案1-22中任一项的食品。
31.一种减少哺乳动物卡路里摄入量的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物实施方案1-22中任一项的食品。
32.一种使哺乳动物产生饱腹感的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物实施方案1-22中任一项的食品。
33.一种减少哺乳动物每日卡路里摄入量的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物实施方案1-22中任一项的食品。
34.一种制备实施方案1-22中任一项食品的方法,包括用至少15g高抗性淀粉含量的全谷物产品代替等量的选自淀粉、非高抗性淀粉谷物、非高抗性淀粉谷物、非高抗性淀粉粗磨粉、非高抗性淀粉去壳谷物、非高抗性淀粉面粉、非高抗性淀粉粗粉及其混合物组成的组中的成份。
实施例
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明和解释,但并不作为任何方面的限制。除非另有说明,所有份数、比率和百分比是以重量计的,所有温度为摄氏度(℃)。
在整个实施例中,使用了以下成份。
Hi-maize260淀粉,商购于National Starch LLC的一种高RS、高TDF、高直链淀粉、湿热处理淀粉,作为高RS淀粉参照使用。
将下面的测试程序用于全部实施例中。
抗性淀粉(“RS”)的测定(改良的Englyst方法)。
采用改良版的Englyst消化方法(Englyst等,“欧洲临床营养学杂志”,第46卷(增刊2),第S33-S50页,1992)测定RS。程序和改良详述如下。抗性淀粉(RS)是温育120分钟后不水解的淀粉。RS含量可以通过测定温育120分钟后消化的碳水化合物(即游离葡萄糖)量来间接测定,然后从碳水化合物中减去游离葡萄糖量来计算出RS,给出基于碳水化合物含量的RS%。
A1标准溶液、酶溶液、空白和葡萄糖对照的配制:
a.由20毫升0.25M的醋酸钠组成的反应“空白”。
b.由20毫升0.25M的醋酸钠缓冲液和500毫克葡萄糖组成的葡萄糖标准液。
c.原液A.在0.05M的HCI中溶解0.5%(W/V)胃蛋白酶(来自Sigma的猪胃粘膜(P7000))和0.5%(W/V)瓜尔豆胶(来自Sigma的G-4129瓜尔豆胶)。
d.纯化胰腺酶液的制备:12克猪胰酶(Sigma)溶解于85mls的去离子室温水中。随后将该溶液离心(3000转,10分钟,50毫升管),将上清液倒掉,并保存。
e.通过在上述上清液中加入40毫克的干转化酶(Sigma)和1.0毫升淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(AMG)(来自Novozymes的300LAMG)来配制原液B。
A2.RS含量的测定(改良的Enalyst方法):
在每个试管中称取可提供550-600毫克的碳水化合物的每个测试样品(最接近的0.1毫克)。然后在每个试管中加入10毫升的溶液A。样品被盖紧、混合,然后在37℃的静态水浴中温育30分钟。加入10ml 0.25M的醋酸钠缓冲液以中和所述溶液。接下来,以20-30秒的间隔将5ml的酶混合物(溶液B)加入到样品、空白和葡萄糖管中,并放置到37℃水浴中消化。在消化过程中水平摇动试管。反应120分钟时,取出0.5-ml等份试样,并放置到装有19ml 66%乙醇的分开的试管中以停止反应(酶将沉淀,下一步前重新分散)。然后将1.0毫升等份的乙醇溶液吸移至1毫升的微量离心管中,在3000g下离心5分钟。随后使用葡萄糖氧化酶/过氧化物酶(GOPOD)方法测量葡萄糖浓度。(MegazymeKit K-Gluc)。每个培养管中放入3ml GOPOD,然后加入0.1毫升的每种样品,混合均匀,在50℃温育20分钟。采用分光光度法测量在510nm波长下的吸光度来测定游离葡萄糖。每个样品的葡萄糖百分比(消化)基于相对于标准样的紫外吸收值来计算。运行常规对照,其中包括一个常规马齿种玉米的对照样本。所有分析均至少在重复一次。
B.采用AOAC 991.43方法的总膳食纤维测定(“TDF”)
总膳食纤维(TDF)使用AOAC官方方法991.43建议的Megazyme-K TDFR诊断试剂盒测定。在400毫升的高形烧杯中,将双份样本(1.0克干基)分散于0.05M MES/TRIS缓冲液中(40.ml,pH8.2),加入热稳定α-淀粉酶溶液(50μL)。该混合物98℃下在摇晃水浴中温育35分钟。冷却到60℃后,用蛋白酶(100μL)处理该混合物,温育30分钟。消化液通过盐酸溶液调整至pH 4.5。然后加入葡糖淀粉酶(200μL),该混合物在60℃下被消化另外的30分钟。加入4倍体积的95%乙醇析出不溶残留物。通过填充式过滤器收集残留物,105℃下通宵干燥,称重,计算总膳食纤维(减去残留物中的蛋白质和灰分含量)。所有TDF数据以干基来报告。
C.水分含量(“M%”)的测定
谷物(碾磨至粒径小于355微米)的水分含量采用CENCO水分平衡(平衡设置为红外线125W,来自CSC Scientific Co.,Inc)来测定。为了避免样品的炭化,水分平衡的温度设定为70℃。采用烘箱水分分析方法(用于玉米渣的AACC方法44-15A)查对时,通过这种方法获得的读数在绝对的0.6%内。
D.电位滴定法测定直链淀粉含量
0.5克淀粉(1.0克碾碎的谷物)样品在10ml的浓缩氯化钙(约30%重量)中被加热至95℃30分钟。样品冷却至室温,用5ml 2.5%的醋酸铀酰溶液稀释,混合均匀,并在2000rpm下离心5分钟。然后过滤样品得到澄清溶液。
淀粉浓度通过用1厘米偏振池以偏振法测定。取等份样本(通常为5ml),然后直接用标准化的0.01N碘溶液滴定,同时使用一个铂电极和一个KCI参比电极记录电位。直接测量达到拐点需要的碘量作为结合碘。假设1.0克直链淀粉结合200毫克碘,计算直链淀粉量。
实施例1-测试材料的RS和TDF分析
使用上述的实验方法测定试验淀粉和全谷物面粉的RS和TDF含量。表1提供了简短样品描述和分析数据的总结。
表1相关实验数据总结
1=在饱腹感/热量减少的临床试验中测试(见下表2),
2=RS记为占总碳水化合物的%(全谷物粉是73%的碳水化合物),
3=TDF记为总成份的%
实施例2-临床试验
招募16名年龄在20-30岁和BMI正常的健康男性作为小组成员。采用随机重复测量设计。受试者在食用测试材料前四小时食用标准化的早餐。然后,按照随机顺序,他们食用含有测试淀粉50克(干基)的番茄味汤,或只食用番茄汤。在只食用番茄汤或食用含有测试淀粉的番茄味汤后两小时,通过食用任意量的比萨测试餐来测量食物摄入量。临床数据显示出全谷物相比纯RS淀粉和迅速消化淀粉(RDS)对照具有出乎意料的饱腹感作用。RS淀粉样品使食物摄入量减少9.1%,而高RS全谷物样品使食物摄入量减少17.7%。临床结果如表2所示。
表2:相关临床资料总结
*不同上标代表差异显著性(P<0.0001,n=16)
高RS全谷物玉米粉的临床结果是显著的和出人意料的,因为现有证据不能预测摄入高RS全谷物产品能这样大量减少食物摄入量。
在权利要求中“包括”或“包含”是指“含有以下成份但并不排除其他成份”;“由…组成”或“由…构成”是指“除列举的成份外不包括超过微量的其他成份”;而“基本上由…组成”是指“除所要求的组合不包括任何实质意义的其他成份。”
Claims (12)
1.一种包含饱腹感有效量的具有高抗性淀粉含量的全谷物产品的食品。
2.权利要求1的食品,其中全谷物产品的量为至少15g每份食品。
3.权利要求1-2中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品选自谷物、粗磨粉、去壳谷物、面粉、粗粉及其混合物组成的组。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,全谷物产品具有至少40%的抗性淀粉含量。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的食品,其中以全谷物产品中的淀粉重量计,所述全谷物产品的直链淀粉含量,对于小麦或大米为具有至少27%的直链淀粉,对于其他来源为具有至少约50%的直链淀粉。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的食品,其中全谷物产品被湿热处理。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的食品,其中以全谷物产品的重量计,全谷物产品具有至少20%的总膳食纤维含量。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的食品,其中全谷物中的淀粉主要是颗粒状。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的食品用于增加哺乳动物饱腹感的用途。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的食品用于预防或治疗肥胖的用途。
11.权利要求1-9中任一项的食品用于减少每日热量摄入的用途。
12.制备权利要求1-9中任一项的食品的方法,包括用至少15g高抗性淀粉含量的全谷物产品代替等量的选自淀粉、非高抗性淀粉谷物、非高抗性淀粉粗磨粉、非高抗性淀粉去壳谷物、非高抗性淀粉面粉、非高抗性淀粉粗粉及其混合物组成的组中的成份。
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US14824709P | 2009-01-29 | 2009-01-29 | |
US61/148247 | 2009-01-29 | ||
US12/687350 | 2010-01-14 | ||
US12/687,350 US20100189875A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2010-01-14 | Use of whole grain materials with high resistant starch for satiety, reduction of food intake and weight management |
PCT/US2010/021203 WO2010088071A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2010-01-19 | Use of whole grain materials with high resistant starch for satiety, reduction of food intake and weight management |
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CN102368912A true CN102368912A (zh) | 2012-03-07 |
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CN2010800144135A Pending CN102368912A (zh) | 2009-01-29 | 2010-01-19 | 高抗性淀粉全谷物材料用于饱腹感、减少食物摄入量和控制体重的用途 |
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US (1) | US20100189875A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2408318A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102368912A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR075360A1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2010208542A1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2758599A1 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2011002111A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010088071A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
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CN102894289A (zh) * | 2012-09-04 | 2013-01-30 | 南昌大学 | 耐蒸煮高抗性淀粉质构米的制备方法 |
CN103211172A (zh) * | 2013-05-12 | 2013-07-24 | 昆明田康科技有限公司 | 一种高抗性淀粉大麦苗粉米线及其制作方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
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US20120251660A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | Brunob Ii B.V. | Use of Whole Grain-Hydrocolloid Complexes Produced by Heat-Moisture Treatment for Satiety, Reduction of Food Intake, and Weight Management |
EP2534959A1 (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2012-12-19 | Nestec S.A. | Wholegrain cereal and liver disorders |
AR087157A1 (es) | 2011-06-20 | 2014-02-26 | Gen Biscuit | Galletita saludable |
CN102986803B (zh) * | 2012-12-25 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏畜牧兽医职业技术学院 | 一种含有抗性淀粉的饼干的制作方法 |
CN104732084B (zh) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-07-11 | 上海交通大学 | 基于响应面法降低快速消化淀粉含量的模型构建方法 |
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- 2010-01-19 EP EP10701282A patent/EP2408318A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-01-19 CN CN2010800144135A patent/CN102368912A/zh active Pending
- 2010-01-19 CA CA2758599A patent/CA2758599A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-01-19 WO PCT/US2010/021203 patent/WO2010088071A1/en active Application Filing
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CN103211172A (zh) * | 2013-05-12 | 2013-07-24 | 昆明田康科技有限公司 | 一种高抗性淀粉大麦苗粉米线及其制作方法 |
CN103211172B (zh) * | 2013-05-12 | 2014-03-19 | 昆明田康科技有限公司 | 一种高抗性淀粉大麦苗粉米线及其制作方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2758599A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
CL2011002111A1 (es) | 2012-03-23 |
WO2010088071A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
EP2408318A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
US20100189875A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
AU2010208542A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
AR075360A1 (es) | 2011-03-30 |
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