CN102352466B - High-carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to high-carbon chromium bearing steel GCr15 and a production method thereof. The bearing steel comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.85%-1.15% of C, 0.10%-0.40% of Si, 0.20%-0.50% of Mn, 1.30%-1.75% of Cr, 0.004%-0.020% of S, 0.005%-0.025% of V, 0.003%-0.015% of Ti, 0.010%-0.030% of Al, 0.0002%-0.0007% of O, 0.0020%-0.0060% of N and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The production method comprises the following steps of: performing primary smelting, refining, performing vacuum degassing, feeding silicon-barium wires, performing continuous pouring, rolling and performing post-treatment. Compared with the prior art, the production method can be used to realize low cost and ensure the comprehensive mechanical property of the product; and the obtained product is characterized by low oxygen content, low nitrogen content and low inclusion content.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bearing steel and production method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel GCr15 and revolving furnace production process thereof.
Background technology
Bearing steel is different according to carbon content in the steel and purposes, can be divided into: high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, carburizing bearing steel, middle carbon bearing steel, stainless bearing steel, high-temperature bearing steel.GCr15 is a kind of the most frequently used high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, and high hardening capacity is arranged, and critical through hardening diameter is about 18～40mm (50% martensite) in oil; Fatigue lifetime is long, and cold deformation plasticity is medium, and machinability is general, and white point is formed sensitivity, and temper brittleness is arranged, and over-all properties is good.Generally after quenching and low-temperaturetempering, use.Good machinability is arranged after the Spheroidizing Annealing.Quench and temper number height and even, wear resisting property and contact fatigue strength height, hot workability is good.Contain more alloying element, price is more cheap.The GCr15 steel is the usage quantity and the maximum trade mark of turnout in the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, is extensively adopted by countries in the world.
Studies show that the T[O of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel] (oxygen level) be the most critical index of bearing fatigue life, T[O] low more fatigue lifetime is high more, therefore, the quality that improves high-carbon-chromium bearing steel is mainly reflected in the T[O that how to reduce high-carbon-chromium bearing steel] on.
Simultaneously, in steelmaking process, reaction product may enter molten steel in a small amount of slag, refractory materials and the smelting, forms non-metallic inclusion.They all can reduce the mechanical property of steel, particularly reduce plasticity, toughness and safe range of stress.When serious, unexpected brittle failure in the time of also can making steel when hot-work and thermal treatment, crack or use.Non-metallic inclusion also impels steel to form hot-work fibrous tissue and banded structure, makes material have anisotropy.When serious, horizontal plastic property only for longitudinally half, and impelling strength is greatly reduced.Therefore, to check quantity, shape, size and the distribution situation of non-metallic inclusion to the steel (as bearing steel, spring steel etc.) of important use.
High-carbon-chromium bearing steel adopts electrosmelting basically, and electric furnace is with respect to the converter smelting high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, and the smelting cycle of electric furnace is long, and is also long in the time of rear portion liquid steel refining, obtains low T[O easily] high-carbon-chromium bearing steel.The smelting cycle of converter only is 1/2 to 1/4 of an electric furnace, and the rear portion liquid steel refining time is very short, is difficult to obtain low T[O] high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, so the producer that adopts the converter smelting high-carbon-chromium bearing steel is seldom.In order to produce low T[O] high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, the general flow process that adopts then is electrosmelting～refining furnace refining～vacuum oven processing～die casting.ZL0132236.5 discloses a kind of employing " direct current furnace just refines～the hydrogen refining～vacuum oven degassing～die casting is blown in the ladle furnace bottom " production technique, can produce T[O] be not more than the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of 7 * 10-6.CN200410025102.5 discloses a kind of production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, adopt five-step approach smelting technology flow process, electric furnace batching optimizes ,-electric furnace just makes steel the liquid-bottom blowing ammonia ladle furnace refining-vacuum oven degassing-die casting, this invention has remedied the deficiency of ZL0132236.5, has improved low T[O] rate that is smelt of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel.But above-mentioned technology has all adopted electric furnace and die casting, and the electrosmelting steel, efficient is low, and inclusion is many, need consume a large amount of electric energy simultaneously; Die casting then is that a labour intensity is big, the production method that operating rate is very low, and oneself is a filtering technique.
Because traditional electric furnace is produced all restrictions of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, and high-carbon-chromium bearing steel is better than electric furnace in production cost and efficient raising production technique is produced in converter.Therefore, the method for utilizing converter to produce high-carbon-chromium bearing steel becomes an exploitation direction in this field.CN101182591A discloses a kind of method of utilizing converter to produce high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, the steps include: raw material successively by converter smelting, the refining of LF stove, VD or RH vacuum unit deoxidation treatment and die casting or continuous casting moulding, wherein in the tapping process behind the intact high-carbon-chromium bearing steel water of converter smelting, add first slag charge, the CaO/SiO of control ladle slag
2Weight ratio is in 3.5～4.5 scopes; When ladle need not pull out the slag processing behind LF stove refining station, directly add second batch of slag charge, the CaO/SiO of control ladle slag
2Weight ratio is in 2.2～3.2 scopes.The revolving furnace production process of this low oxygen kind high-carbon chromium bearing steel does not take to pull out slag operation, can produce high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, has effectively controlled the generation of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel point-like inclusion.Yet it still is higher utilizing the oxygen level of the bearing steel that this invention produces, and the processing characteristics when bearing steel is used has disadvantageous effect.
In addition, in the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel production method, the open source literature of control that relates to nitrogen content is very few.Yet, remaining in the nitrogen in the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, titanium is angular, dystectic titanium nitride in conjunction with formation and is mingled with among the Yi Yugang, has a strong impact on the fatigue lifetime of steel; Nitrogen content＜0.0055% (55ppm just) is the bottleneck of present DC (direct current furnace) production technique.
Therefore, the high-carbon-chromium bearing steel that how to utilize low cost, high efficiency converter to produce than hypoxemia, low nitrogen, low inclusion is the technical barrier that this area faces.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, one of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel GCr15 and production method thereof.
One of purpose of the present invention at first is to provide a kind of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, and its composition weight percent is:
The Fe of surplus and unavoidable impurities.
As optimal technical scheme, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the present invention, its composition weight percent is:
The Fe of surplus and unavoidable impurities.
As optimal technical scheme, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the present invention also contains, the Ni of 0～0.30wt% or/and the Cu of 0～0.030wt% or/and the P of 0～0.030wt%, the Ni of preferred 0～0.25wt% or/and the Cu of 0～0.020wt% or/and the P of 0～0.025wt%.These three kinds of components are selectable components, can add also as required in the principal constituent and can not add, and can not reach the purpose that the present invention will realize even do not add also.
The oxygen level of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel provided by the present invention is far below GB/T 18254-2002 " high-carbon-chromium bearing steel " standard code threshold limit value, nitrogen content is then far below the disclosed amount of prior art, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel provided by the present invention has improved bearing steel performance in use greatly, has increased the antifatigue life-span of bearing steel.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, may further comprise the steps:
(1) refining just: will satisfy through this production method obtain as claim 1-3 arbitrary as described in the raw material of product send into just and under 1600～1700 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.06wt%～0.10wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: heating treats that the purified molten steel carries out refining again, killing, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 〉=4.0, sulfur content is≤0.025wt% that the phosphorus amount is≤0.015wt%, add insulating covering agent and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining time 〉=45min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept below the vacuum tightness 70Pa more than the 10min;
(4) feed silicon barium line: feeding silicon barium line in molten steel, soft blow then, the control sulfur content is≤0.015wt% that the phosphorus amount is≤0.015wt% when leaving from station;
(5) continuous pouring: under the low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: that continuously cast bloom heating back is rolled it;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, obtain finished product.
Described the getting the raw materials ready of step (1) is the molten iron of 60～70t and the steel scrap of 1～5t, and the further molten iron of preferred 65～68t and the steel scrap of 2～4t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Described furnace smelting temperature just is 1660～1680 ℃; Quality 200～the 400kg of described refining slag, more preferably 300kg.
Before refined molten steel, surplus the sending into of watering that produces in the step (1) treated to carry out in the purified molten steel refining in the ladle refining furnace (LF stove) in the step (2); Described reductor is an aluminum shot, and add-on is 0.2～0.4kg/t, further preferred 0.3kg/t; Described insulating covering agent is carbon-free alkaline covering agent, the big covering agent of preferred carbon-free alkalescence; Described insulating covering agent add-on is 7～15 bags, further preferred 10～12 bags.
Vacuum tightness is below the 67Pa described in the step (3), and the hold-time is 13～15min.
The speed of silicon barium line feeding described in the step (4) is 3～6m/s, and feed quantity is 2～4m/t, and further preferred feeding speed is 5m/s, and feed quantity is 3m/t; The described soft blow time is more than the 15min.
Low thermal environment is 15～30 ℃ described in the step (5), further preferred 20～30 ℃; The permanent pulling rate of described constant temperature is 0.6～0.8m/min, more preferably 0.7m/min; Covering agent is carbon-free alkaline covering agent and carbonization rice husk in described.
Start rolling temperature is 1090～1120 ℃ in the step (6), and finishing temperature is 950～1050 ℃; Further preferred described rolling preceding continuously cast bloom is heated to 1150～1250 ℃, more preferably 1180～1210 ℃.
Retarded cooling process adopts 40, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling of Φ in the step (7); Φ 45, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 50, 〉=400 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 55, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 60, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 65, 〉=500 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 70, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 75, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Slow cooling time 〉=30h, further preferred 〉=36h.
The present invention adopts specific component prescription, on general furnace just, smelt by common process for making, tapping process adopts ladle to add that a certain amount of refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation, molten steel is to the refining of LF stove, the deoxidation degree of control molten steel and the basicity of slag, and carry out vacuum-treat by vacuum degassing furnace, make the finished product nonmetal inclusion be controlled at maximum 1.0 grades of category-A; Maximum 0.5 grade of category-B; Maximum 0.5 grade of C class; Maximum 0.5 grade of D class is carried out the cast of line feeding soft blow and full guard then, and the low strand that is mingled with that obtains is rolled into bar through the steel rolling controlled rolling and cooling, and last slow cooling obtains finished product after the assay was approved.
Product of the present invention is carried out performance test, and test event comprises upset test, low power test, non-metallic inclusion test, Decarburized layer test, the test of carbide liquation and carbide network test.
The upset test is tested by GB/T 5293-2006 " metallic substance upset test method ".
The low power test is 65 ℃-80 ℃ with sample in temperature by macroscopic test system, etch 25min-40min in 50% (massfraction) hydrochloric acid (industrial) aqueous solution, with the macrostructure of correct demonstration steel is mutatis mutandis visual or be not more than 10 times of magnifying glasses and observe, and according to GB/T 18254-2002 " high-carbon-chromium bearing steel " pattern table the acidleach sample is tested.
The non-metallic inclusion test procedure is as follows:
Sample is heat-treated: 820 ℃-840 ℃ of quenching temperatures (quenching heat-up time: press the every 1mm insulation of specimen finish or thickness 1.5min);
Refrigerant: oil cooling;
Tempering temperature: test according to GB/T 10561-89 " the micro-assessment method of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel " behind 150 ℃ of left and right sides tempering time 1h-2h.
The Decarburized layer test is tested by the metallographic method of GB/T 224-2008 " the decarburized layer deepness assay method of steel ": test method is carried out according to the heat treating regime of test (3).
Carbide liquation, the micro-assessment method of netted test in GB/T 18254-2002 " high-carbon-chromium bearing steel " steel are pressed in carbide liquation, netted test.
Test result shows that high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of the present invention has low inclusion content, hypoxemia, low nitrogen, has improved the processing characteristics of steel, is the ideal bearing materials.
Compare with existing bearing steel and production technique thereof, product oxygen level provided by the present invention, nitrogen content, inclusion content are lower; The composition of raw material that is adopted is more reasonable, has realized having guaranteed again simultaneously cheaply the comprehensive mechanical property of finished product; In addition, adopted refining slag in the complete processing of the present invention, and, improved the processing characteristics of steel, improved the bar quality by measures such as steel rolling controlled rolling and cooling, slow cooling; Simplify operation with respect to traditional technology, effectively reduced the smelting production cost, improved the steel purity.
Embodiment
For ease of understanding the present invention, it is as follows that the present invention enumerates embodiment.Those skilled in the art should understand that described embodiment only is used for helping to understand the present invention, should not be considered as concrete restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 65t, steel scrap 5t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1600 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.06wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 200kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: heating treats that the purified molten steel carries out refining again, press 0.2kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 4.0, sulfur content is 0.025wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.015wt%, add the big covering agent of 7 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 45min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 10min at vacuum tightness 70Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 2m/t with 3m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 15min then, the control sulfur content is 0.015wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.015wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 15 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.6m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1150 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1090 ℃, and finishing temperature is 950 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, and slow cooling 30h obtains finished product.
Embodiment 2
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 66t, steel scrap 4t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1660 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.08wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 300kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: heating treats that the purified molten steel carries out refining again, press 0.3kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 5.0, sulfur content is 0.020wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.010wt%, add the big covering agent of 10 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 48min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 13min at vacuum tightness 67Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 3m/t with 5m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 18min then, the control sulfur content is 0.012wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.012wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 20 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.7m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1185 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, and finishing temperature is 1050 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, and slow cooling 36h obtains finished product.
Embodiment 3
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 68t, steel scrap 2t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1680 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.10wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 350kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: before refined molten steel, surplus the sending into of watering that produces in the step (1) treated to heat in the purified molten steel refining again in the ladle refining furnace (LF stove), press 0.4kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 6.0, sulfur content is 0.018wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.010wt%, add the big covering agent of 12 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 50min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 14min at vacuum tightness 67Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 4m/t with 6m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 16min then, the control sulfur content is 0.010wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.008wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 25 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.8m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1210 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1110 ℃, and finishing temperature is 1000 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, and slow cooling 32h obtains finished product.
Embodiment 4
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 70t, steel scrap 1t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1700 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.07wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 400kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: before refined molten steel, surplus the sending into of watering that produces in the step (1) treated to heat in the purified molten steel refining again in the ladle refining furnace (LF stove), press 0.25kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 5.0, sulfur content is 0.022wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.012wt%, add the big covering agent of 15 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 55min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 15min at vacuum tightness 65Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 2.5m/t with 5m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 17min then, the control sulfur content is 0.012wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.011wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 30 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.65m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1250 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1120 ℃, and finishing temperature is 1020 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, adopt 40, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling of Φ; Φ 45, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 50, 〉=400 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 55, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 60, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 65, 〉=500 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 70, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 75, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling, and slow cooling 38h obtains finished product.
Embodiment 5
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 60t, steel scrap 5t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1640 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.08wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 250kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: before refined molten steel, surplus the sending into of watering that produces in the step (1) treated to heat in the purified molten steel refining again in the ladle refining furnace (LF stove), press 0.35kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 6.0, sulfur content is 0.017wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.013wt%, add the big covering agent of 8 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 60min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 12min at vacuum tightness 67Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 3.5m/t with 4m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 20min then, the control sulfur content is 0.015wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.014wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 18 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.7m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1190 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1105 ℃, and finishing temperature is 980 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, adopt 40, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling of Φ; Φ 45, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 50, 〉=400 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 55, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 60, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 65, 〉=500 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 70, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 75, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling, and slow cooling 40h obtains finished product.
Embodiment 6
(1) refining just: get the raw materials ready by following proportioning: molten iron 66t, steel scrap 4t add hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Raw material sent into just under 1670 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.09wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that the 330kg refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: heating treats that the purified molten steel carries out refining again, press 0.3kg/t killing aluminum shot, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 4.0, sulfur content is 0.025wt%, the phosphorus amount is 0.015wt%, add the big covering agent of 13 bags and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining 45min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace (VD stove), kept 18min at vacuum tightness 60Pa;
(4) feed silicon barium line: in molten steel,, add according to 4m/t with 5.5m/s feeding silicon barium line, soft blow 25min then, the control sulfur content is 0.015wt% when leaving from station, the phosphorus amount is 0.015wt%;
(5) continuous pouring: under 23 ℃ of low overheat environment, adopt technologies such as the permanent pulling rate of 0.6m/min constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residues etc. carry out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtain qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: after continuously cast bloom is heated to 1200 ℃ it is rolled, wherein start rolling temperature is 1115 ℃, and finishing temperature is 1030 ℃;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, and slow cooling 45h obtains finished product.
Composition to products obtained therefrom detects, and detected result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Product of the present invention is carried out upset test, low power test, non-metallic inclusion test, Decarburized layer test, the test of carbide liquation and carbide network test, and gained the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
From the performance analysis test result as can be seen, the content of the oxygen level of products obtained therefrom of the present invention, nitrogen content and non-metallic inclusion is all lower, the all conformance with standard requirements preferably of hot heading crackle, remaining shrinkage cavity, pin hole, carbide liquation, carbide network, Decarburized layer, thus the use properties of product guaranteed.
Applicant's statement, the present invention illustrates detailed process equipment of the present invention and technical process by the foregoing description, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technical process, does not mean that promptly the present invention must rely on above-mentioned detailed process equipment and technical process could be implemented.The person of ordinary skill in the field should understand, any improvement in the present invention to the interpolation of the equivalence replacement of each raw material of product of the present invention and ancillary component, the selection of concrete mode etc., all drops within protection scope of the present invention and the open scope.
Claims (22)
1. the production method of a high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel composition weight percent is:
C 0.85%~1.15%
Si 0.10%～0.40%
Mn 0.20%～0.50%
Cr 1.30%～1.75%
S 0.004%～0.020%
V 0.005%~0.025%
Ti 0.003%~0.015%
Al 0.010%~0.030%
O 0.0002%~0.0007%
N 0.0020%~0.0060%
The Fe of surplus and unavoidable impurities;
Described method comprises the steps:
(1) refining just: will satisfy the raw material that obtains product through this production method and send into just and under 1600 ~ 1700 ℃, smelt in the furnace, the content of regulating C during smelting endpoint is 0.06wt% ~ 0.10wt%, adopt slide plate pushing off the slag tapping realizing slag free tapping, tapping process adopts ladle to add that refining slag carries out wash heat and strong deoxidation combines with pre-deoxidation;
(2) refining: heating treats that the purified molten steel carries out refining again, killing, make white slag fast, control slag basicity 〉=4.0, sulfur content is≤0.025wt% that the phosphorus amount is≤0.015wt%, add insulating covering agent and cover liquid level, soft blow Ar, strict control argon pressure guarantee that liquid level is not exposed, refining time 〉=45min;
(3) vacuum outgas: the refined molten steel that step (2) obtains is sent in the vacuum degassing furnace VD stove, kept below the vacuum tightness 70Pa more than the 10min;
(4) feed silicon barium line: feeding silicon barium line in molten steel, soft blow then, the control sulfur content is≤0.015wt% that the phosphorus amount is≤0.015wt% when leaving from station;
(5) continuous pouring: under the low overheat environment, the permanent pulling rate of employing constant temperature, liquid level are controlled automatically, crystallizer induction stirring technology, use the protection of big bag long nozzle argon envelope, submerged nozzle, middle covering agent, crystallizer protecting residue carries out the full guard cast to molten steel, obtains qualified continuously cast bloom;
(6) rolling: that continuously cast bloom heating back is rolled it;
(7) aftertreatment: bar is taked retarded cooling process, obtain finished product.
2. production method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described bearing steel, and its composition weight percent is:
C 0.95%~1.05%
Si 0.15%～0.35%
Mn 0.25%～0.45%
Cr 1.40%～1.65%
S 0.005%～0.015%
V 0.01%~0.02%
Ti 0.004%~0.010%
Al 0.015%~0.025%
O 0.0003%~0.0006%
N 0.0030%~0.0050%
The Fe of surplus and unavoidable impurities.
3. production method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described bearing steel also contains, the Ni of 0 ~ 0.30wt% or/and the Cu of 0 ~ 0.030wt% or/and the P of 0～0.030wt%.
4. as the production method of the arbitrary described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that described bearing steel also contains, the Ni of preferred 0 ~ 0.25wt% or/and the Cu of 0 ~ 0.020wt% or/and the P of 0～0.025wt%.
5. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the described raw material of step (1) is the molten iron of 60 ~ 70t and the steel scrap of 1 ~ 5t, adds hot metal charging behind the steel scrap earlier; Described furnace smelting temperature just is 1660 ~ 1680 ℃; Quality 200 ~ the 400kg of described refining slag.
6. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the described raw material of step (1) is the molten iron of 65 ~ 68t and the steel scrap of 2 ~ 4t.
7. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the quality of described refining slag is 300kg.
8. as the production method of claim 1 or 5 described high-carbon-chromium bearing steels, it is characterized in that, before refined molten steel, surplus the sending into of watering that produces in the step (1) treated to carry out in the purified molten steel refining in the ladle refining furnace LF stove in the step (2); Described reductor is an aluminum shot, and add-on is 0.2 ~ 0.4kg/t; Described insulating covering agent is carbon-free alkaline covering agent; Described insulating covering agent add-on is 7 ~ 15 bags.
9. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described reductor is an aluminum shot, and add-on is 0.3kg/t.
10. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described insulating covering agent is the big covering agent of carbon-free alkalescence.
11. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described insulating covering agent add-on is 10 ~ 12 bags.
12. the production method as the arbitrary described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of claim 1～6 is characterized in that, vacuum tightness is below the 67Pa described in the step (3), and the hold-time is 13～15min.
13. the production method as the arbitrary described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of claim 1～7 is characterized in that, the speed of silicon barium line feeding described in the step (4) is 3 ~ 6m/s, and feed quantity is 2 ~ 4m/t; The described soft blow time is more than the 15min.
14. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, the speed of silicon barium line feeding described in the step (4) is 5m/s, and feed quantity is 3m/t.
15. the production method as the arbitrary described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of claim 1～8 is characterized in that, low thermal environment is 15 ~ 30 ℃ described in the step (5); The permanent pulling rate of described constant temperature is 0.6 ~ 0.8m/min; Covering agent is carbon-free alkaline covering agent and carbonization rice husk in described.
16. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, low thermal environment is 20 ~ 30 ℃ described in the step (5).
17. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, the permanent pulling rate of described constant temperature is 0.7m/min.
18. the production method as the arbitrary described high-carbon-chromium bearing steel of claim 1～9 is characterized in that, start rolling temperature is 1090 ~ 1120 ℃ in the step (6), and finishing temperature is 950 ~ 1050 ℃.
19. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described rolling preceding continuously cast bloom is heated to 1150 ~ 1250 ℃.
20. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described rolling preceding continuously cast bloom is heated to 1180 ~ 1210 ℃.
21. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, retarded cooling process adopts 40, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling of Φ in the step (7); Φ 45, 〉=350 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 50, 〉=400 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 55, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 60, 〉=450 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 65, 〉=500 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 70, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Φ 75, 〉=550 ℃ of slow cooling; Slow cooling time 〉=30h.
22. the production method of high-carbon-chromium bearing steel as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that, slow cooling time 〉=36h.
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| CN115011871A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-06 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Cu-containing ultralow-titanium bearing steel |
| CN115491575B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-07-25 | 联峰钢铁（张家港）有限公司 | High-carbon chromium wind power bearing steel and production process thereof |
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