CN103436767A - Manufacturing method for abrasion-resistant steel casting - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for abrasion-resistant steel casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN103436767A CN103436767A CN2013102956693A CN201310295669A CN103436767A CN 103436767 A CN103436767 A CN 103436767A CN 2013102956693 A CN2013102956693 A CN 2013102956693A CN 201310295669 A CN201310295669 A CN 201310295669A CN 103436767 A CN103436767 A CN 103436767A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 7 parts Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004686 pentahydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RSCACTKJFSTWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane;pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 RSCACTKJFSTWPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method for an abrasion-resistant steel casting. The abrasion-resistant steel casting free of molybdenum and nickel and containing a proper amount of chromium comprises the following ingredients: 0.35-0.45 wt% of C, 1.2-2.3 wt% of Cr, 0.003-0.006 wt% of Nb, 0.2-0.5 wt% of Si, 0.5-1.0 wt% of Mn, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Ti, 0.04-0.08 wt% of V, 0.03-0.05 wt% of N, less than 0.04 wt% of S, less than 0.05 wt% of P, and the balance being Fe. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: 1) according to parts by weight, scrap steel, pig iron, ferrochrome, sponge iron and a smelting additive with an amount of 1-1.5% based on the total mass of the above raw materials are added to an induction furnace for mixing and heating to melt, wherein the smelting additive is prepared from 10-15 parts of sodium oxide, 3.5-4.5 parts of aluminum oxide, 3-5 parts of potassium oxide, 6-8 parts of sodium carbonate, 4-6 parts of silicon dioxide, 11-15 parts of iron oxide, 0.5-2 parts of titanium dioxide, and 5-10 parts of anhydrous borax, and the contents of the chemical ingredients are adjusted according to requirements. The problem in the prior art that abrasion-resistant steel has high production cost because of containing molybdenum and nickel is solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal wear, particularly a kind of manufacture method of wear-resistant cast steel parts.
Background technology
Wearing and tearing are the ubiquitous material failure forms of department such as metallurgy, mine, electric power, machinery, oil, chemical industry, building materials and military project, and the development of new high-abrasive material, to meet the demand of above-mentioned department, is the problem that investigation of materials person constantly pays close attention to always.Chinese invention patent CN1150979 discloses a kind of high chromium wear-resistant cast steel, its chemical composition and weight percentage are as follows: C:1.2-2.5wt%, Mn≤0.6wt%, Si≤0.6wt%, Cr:11.5-13.5wt%, Mo:0.7-1.2wt%, Cu:0.5-1.0wt%, V:3.5-4.5wt%, Re:0.03-0.05wt%, S :≤0.06wt%, P≤0.06wt%, all the other are Fe, when it has high rigidity, also there is higher intensity and toughness, it has wide range of applications, than traditional high-abrasive material, have a more substantial increase its work-ing life, the crushing effect that is applied to the ultrahard ore is more obvious, owing to containing the elements such as more expensive V (vanadium), Mo (molybdenum), production cost is high, a little less than product competitiveness in the market.
Chinese invention patent CN1851026 also discloses a kind of high-chromium cast steel milling ball and preparation method, its weight percentage is as follows: C:1.0-1.6wt%, Si:0.5-1.0wt%, Mn:0.5-1.0wt%, Cr:10-18wt%, Re:0.03-0.1wt%, Al:0.03-0.1wt%, Mo:1.0-3.0wt%, Ni:1.0-2.0wt%, V:0.3-1.0wt%, P :≤0.03wt%, S :≤0.03wt%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity element, after cast molding, through 900-950 ℃ of secondary quenching, process, through 400-450 ℃ of double tempering, process again, it has hardness high (HRc >=61), good toughness (ak >=10J/cm2), tensile strength high (σ b >=800MPa), effectively reduce the abrading-ball broken rate of grinding ball, reduced the abrading-ball unit wear, owing to containing processing expensive Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum) element and containing more Cr (chromium), there is equally the deficiency that production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of wear-resistant cast steel parts, be intended to solve wear resisting steel of the prior art because containing molybdenum, nickel causes the problem that production cost is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of manufacture method of wear-resistant cast steel parts, this non-molybdenum non-nickel middle chrome wear resistant comprises the composition of following mass percent: C:0.35-0.45wt%, Cr:1.2-2.3wt%, Nb:0.003-0.006wt%, Si:0.2-0.5wt%, Mn:0.5-1.0wt%, Ti:0.05-0.15wt%, V:0.04-0.08wt%, N:0.03-0.05wt%, S:<0.04wt%, P:<0.05wt%, surplus is Fe, this manufacture method comprises the steps: 1) by weight, by steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, sponge iron, and above-mentioned raw materials total mass 1-1.5% additive for smelting joins Hybrid Heating fusing in induction furnace, described additive for smelting is by sodium oxide 10-15 part, aluminum oxide 3.5-4.5 part, potassium oxide 3-5 part, sodium carbonate 6-8 part, silicon-dioxide 4-6 part, ferric oxide 11-15 part, titanium dioxide 0.5-2 part, Borax pentahydrate 5-10 part is formulated, and adjust on request the content of chemical composition, when temperature reaches 900 ℃-1200 ℃ to the mixed inert gas that passes into 1-2L/min argon gas and helium in induction furnace, 2) 1.0～2.0% compound modifiers of Metal Weight are placed in to the casting ladle bottom, with in bag, pouring method, molten steel is carried out to the composite inoculating processing, temperature of reaction is 1400～1500 ℃, and the chemical component weight per-cent of described compound modifier is: FeV5050～55%, FeSiRe2120～25%, FeBa5Si6020～25%, Yttrium base rare earth 5～10%, 3) foundry goods adopts sand mold casting, and the molten steel casting temperature is 1460-1480 ℃, 4) foundry goods after casting is heated to 1000-1050 ℃ and be incubated for some time with stove, then foundry goods is carried out to quench treatment twice, the hardening liquid of quench treatment is 20-30%BaCl by mass percent for the first time
2, 4-8%NaCl, excess water form, and after quenching for the first time, foundry goods continued to be heated to 700-800 ℃ and carry out quench treatment for the second time, carrying out the hardening liquid of quench treatment for the second time is 20-30%KCl, 10-20%NaNO by mass percent
3, 4-8%CaCl
2, excess water forms, and finally foundry goods is placed in to holding pit or holding furnace slow cooling, 5) foundry goods after quenching is carried out to temper, carry out immediately 250-300 ℃ of tempering insulation thermal treatment in 6-8 hour after quenching.
Described additive for smelting is formulated by 12 parts of sodium oxides, 4 parts, aluminum oxide, 4 parts of potassium oxides, 7 parts, sodium carbonate, 5 parts of silicon-dioxide, 13 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of Borax pentahydrates.
The non-molybdenum non-nickel middle chrome wear resistant provided of the present invention utilizes electric furnace just can produce, and adopts sand mold casting; The present invention adopts two kinds of oil that oil temperature is different to carry out marquenching, makes cast steel through hardening layer depth surpass 60mm, and hardness is high, uniformity of hardness good, and not there will be crackle during thermal treatment; The expensive alloy element such as not nickeliferous in cast steel, molybdenum, the starting material source is abundant, and low production cost, have good economic benefit.
Embodiment
A kind of manufacture method of wear-resistant cast steel parts, this non-molybdenum non-nickel middle chrome wear resistant comprises the composition of following mass percent: C:0.35-0.45wt%, Cr:1.2-2.3wt%, Nb:0.003-0.006wt%, Si:0.2-0.5wt%, Mn:0.5-1.0wt%, Ti:0.05-0.15wt%, V:0.04-0.08wt%, N:0.03-0.05wt%, S:<0.04wt%, P:<0.05wt%, surplus is Fe, it is characterized in that: this manufacture method comprises the steps: 1) by weight, by steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, sponge iron, and above-mentioned raw materials total mass 1-1.5% additive for smelting joins Hybrid Heating fusing in induction furnace, described additive for smelting is by 12 parts of sodium oxides, 4 parts, aluminum oxide, 4 parts of potassium oxides, 7 parts, sodium carbonate, 5 parts of silicon-dioxide, 13 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of Borax pentahydrates are formulated, and adjust on request the content of chemical composition, when temperature reaches 900 ℃-1200 ℃ to the mixed inert gas that passes into 1-2L/min argon gas and helium in induction furnace, 2) 1.0～2.0% compound modifiers of Metal Weight are placed in to the casting ladle bottom, with in bag, pouring method, molten steel is carried out to the composite inoculating processing, temperature of reaction is 1400～1500 ℃, and the chemical component weight per-cent of described compound modifier is: FeV5050～55%, FeSiRe2120～25%, FeBa5Si6020～25%, Yttrium base rare earth 5～10%, 3) foundry goods adopts sand mold casting, and the molten steel casting temperature is 1460-1480 ℃, 4) foundry goods after casting is heated to 1000-1050 ℃ and be incubated for some time with stove, then foundry goods is carried out to quench treatment twice, the hardening liquid of quench treatment is 20-30%BaCl by mass percent for the first time
2, 4-8%NaCl, excess water form, and after quenching for the first time, foundry goods continued to be heated to 700-800 ℃ and carry out quench treatment for the second time, carrying out the hardening liquid of quench treatment for the second time is 20-30%KCl, 10-20%NaNO by mass percent
3, 4-8%CaCl
2, excess water forms, and finally foundry goods is placed in to holding pit or holding furnace slow cooling, 5) foundry goods after quenching is carried out to temper, carry out immediately 250-300 ℃ of tempering insulation thermal treatment in 6-8 hour after quenching.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method of a wear-resistant cast steel parts, this non-molybdenum non-nickel middle chrome wear resistant comprises the composition of following mass percent: C:0.35-0.45wt%, Cr:1.2-2.3wt%, Nb:0.003-0.006wt%, Si:0.2-0.5wt%, Mn:0.5-1.0wt%, Ti:0.05-0.15wt%, V:0.04-0.08wt%, N:0.03-0.05wt%, S:<0.04wt%, P:<0.05wt%, surplus is Fe, it is characterized in that: this manufacture method comprises the steps: 1) by weight, by steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, sponge iron, and above-mentioned raw materials total mass 1-1.5% additive for smelting joins Hybrid Heating fusing in induction furnace, described additive for smelting is by sodium oxide 10-15 part, aluminum oxide 3.5-4.5 part, potassium oxide 3-5 part, sodium carbonate 6-8 part, silicon-dioxide 4-6 part, ferric oxide 11-15 part, titanium dioxide 0.5-2 part, Borax pentahydrate 5-10 part is formulated, and adjust on request the content of chemical composition, when temperature reaches 900 ℃-1200 ℃ to the mixed inert gas that passes into 1-2L/min argon gas and helium in induction furnace, 2) 1.0～2.0% compound modifiers of Metal Weight are placed in to the casting ladle bottom, with in bag, pouring method, molten steel is carried out to the composite inoculating processing, temperature of reaction is 1400～1500 ℃, and the chemical component weight per-cent of described compound modifier is: FeV50 50～55%, FeSiRe21 20～25%, FeBa5Si60 20～25%, Yttrium base rare earth 5～10%, 3) foundry goods adopts sand mold casting, and the molten steel casting temperature is 1460-1480 ℃, 4) foundry goods after casting is heated to 1000-1050 ℃ and be incubated for some time with stove, then foundry goods is carried out to quench treatment twice, the hardening liquid of quench treatment is 20-30%BaCl by mass percent for the first time
2, 4-8%NaCl, excess water form, and after quenching for the first time, foundry goods continued to be heated to 700-800 ℃ and carry out quench treatment for the second time, carrying out the hardening liquid of quench treatment for the second time is 20-30%KCl, 10-20%NaNO by mass percent
3, 4-8%CaCl
2, excess water forms, and finally foundry goods is placed in to holding pit or holding furnace slow cooling, 5) foundry goods after quenching is carried out to temper, carry out immediately 250-300 ℃ of tempering insulation thermal treatment in 6-8 hour after quenching,
Described additive for smelting is formulated by 12 parts of sodium oxides, 4 parts, aluminum oxide, 4 parts of potassium oxides, 7 parts, sodium carbonate, 5 parts of silicon-dioxide, 13 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of Borax pentahydrates.
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| CN106119728A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-16 | 蚌埠市北晨微型机床厂 | A kind of preparation method of high-ductility abrasion-proof steel-casting |
| CN106167878A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-30 | 湖北立晋钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of bearing round steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106282793A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 蚌埠市北晨微型机床厂 | A kind of preparation method of high-strength wearable low-alloy cast steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106119728A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-11-16 | 蚌埠市北晨微型机床厂 | A kind of preparation method of high-ductility abrasion-proof steel-casting |
| CN106282793A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 蚌埠市北晨微型机床厂 | A kind of preparation method of high-strength wearable low-alloy cast steel |
| CN106167878A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-30 | 湖北立晋钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of bearing round steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN106599543A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-04-26 | 胡佳 | Medical detection equipment and health information storage method |
| CN107475481A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-12-15 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | Control the steel-casting smelting process of Nb contents |
| CN107557702A (en) * | 2017-09-03 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽天裕汽车零部件制造有限公司 | A kind of automobile ball head material |
| CN108660366A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-10-16 | 含山县东山德雨球墨铸造厂 | A kind of preparation method of high-strength abrasion-proof ball |
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| CN103436767B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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