CN102351319B

CN102351319B - Method for biologically treating sewage through cation exchange, adsorption and filtering by using rice hull carbon

Info

Publication number: CN102351319B
Application number: CN2011102766401A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘新; 张齐生
Original assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Current assignee: Nanjing Zhige Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2011-09-19
Filing date: 2011-09-19
Publication date: 2013-01-02
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-19
Also published as: CN102351319A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for biologically treating sewage through cation exchange, adsorption and filtering by using rice hull carbon. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: digging earthwork with the volume of 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m in a ditch and pond water front zone; laying the rice hull carbon and the original soil on a backfill soil layer at high intervals of 5cm; and planting taxodium distichum in the earthwork after the backfill soil layer is laid. Water flow flows through an artificial carbon-soil interlayer by using the water height of a natural water body, so that the water body is fully contacted with a carbon material; cation in the water body is exchanged with a functional group on the surface of the carbon material and is fixed on the surface of the carbon material; and the cation which is exchanged and trapped on the carbon material is absorbed by a root system of the taxodium distichum and then is discharged out of a water body system. Compared with the conventional artificial wetland treating technology, the method has the advantages that: nitrogen-phosphorous removal efficiency is obviously improved; simultaneously, the cation is frequently exchanged in the soil improved by the rice hull carbon; microbial communities have diversity; fertilizer fixing capacity and plant growing capacity are enhanced; and plants such as the taxodiumdistichum and the like are better promoted to grow.

Description

Carry out the biological treatment of sewage method of cationic exchange, absorption, filtration with rice hull carbon

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is a kind of biological treatment of sewage method of utilizing rice hull carbon to carry out cationic exchange, absorption, filtration, belongs to the artificial swamp water-treatment technology field.

Background technology

Artificial swamp is a kind of Sewage treatment systems of economical and efficient, utilizes physics, chemistry and the biological triple synergies of ecosystem mesostroma-waterplant-microorganism to realize purification to sewage.In the bed process of effluent stream over-wet land, suspended particulate is at first removed from sewage by the root system of plant and interception, absorption, the coprecipitated degradation effect of wet land filler.And wherein As time goes on organic moiety is degraded gradually by the microbial film that generates on plant rhizosphere microbe and the filler.Inorganic part is trapped becomes a wetland bed part and herbaceous plant.The filler that often is applied at present artificial swamp has gravel, zeolite, coarse sand and coal ash etc.Because its permeability is good, specific surface area large, have the physical adsorption ability, greatly improved the removal of pollutants effect.Yet these fillers are except holding back small portion solvability nitrogen, phosphorus for the plant absorbing utilization, are not obvious especially to the effect of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of improving wetland soil.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is to provide a kind of biological treatment of sewage method of utilizing rice hull carbon to carry out ion-exchange, absorption, filtration, its purpose is intended to remove nitrogen phosphorus etc. when polluting, improve the soil surrounding environment by the rice hull carbon that adds, improve soil cationic exchange level, increase soil fertility, promote that plant better grows.

Technical solution of the present invention: the biological treatment of sewage method comprises following processing step,

One, in irrigation canals and ditches, Bin Shui area, pool, per about 5 meters equalizations are dug out one little cubic metre of earth, cubic metre of earth size

Be 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m;

Two, the backfill earthwork, back fill course rice hull carbon and the every 5cm floor height of native soil interval place mat, after completing in the earthwork plantation one strain bald cypress, utilize the natural water height of water, the current artificial charcoal soil interlayer of flowing through makes water body fully contact with raw material of wood-charcoal, hold back nitrogen phosphorus, the positively charged ion that dissolves in the water body on the one hand and raw material of wood-charcoal surface functionalities group exchange, and are fixed in rice husk raw material of wood-charcoal surface, and the nitrogen phosphorus that is trapped and positively charged ion are by the bald cypress Root Absorption, be converted into biomass, exclude the water body system; Through the soil of rice hull carbon improvement, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the soil is improved on the other hand, and Microbial Community Diversity is remarkable, and soil fertility strengthens, and has better promoted the growth of the plants such as bald cypress.

Advantage of the present invention: the rice hull carbon surface is with a large amount of negative charges, polarity or the nonpolar organic compound in planar water, soil or the settling not only, and also adsorbable a large amount of positively charged ion is (such as K ⁺, NH ⁴⁺, Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺Deng), make the active group on raw material of wood-charcoal surface and the cationic exchange the level rise in the water body, make the soil organism, pH, glutinous grain content, volume mass, aeration porosity all improve, thereby fertility level, fertilizer-preserving ability and the ion surge capability of soil are improved.Moreover the loose porous structure of rice hull carbon and huge surface-area provide carrier for the microbial growth of special monoid, thereby promote the circulation of soil nutrient elements, and contain 15 kinds of required nutritive elements of plant-growth in the rice hull carbon, but Promoting plant growth.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the artificial wetland horizontal section of the present invention synoptic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the artificial wetland longitudinal profile of the present invention synoptic diagram.

Among the figure 1 is the rice hull carbon layer, the 2nd, and soil layer, the 3rd, the water surface, the 4th, the earthwork, the 5th, bald cypress.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

At a wide 5m, field irrigation canals and ditches one side of long 500m is dug the earthwork (as shown in Figure 2) that a length and width height is respectively 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m every five meters.The rear backfill earthwork, every 5cm spreads at the interval rice hull carbon and the native soil of 2.5mm left and right sides particle diameter in the earthwork, plants a strain bald cypress (such as Fig. 1) after completing in the earthwork.Utilize the natural water height of water, the current artificial charcoal soil interlayer of flowing through makes water body fully contact with raw material of wood-charcoal, thereby filters, absorption, and ion exchange reaction forms Sewage treatment systems, the pollutents such as absorption removal nitrogen phosphorus.Through the soil of rice hull carbon improvement, because cation exchange capacity (CEC) strengthens, the surrounding soil environment is improved simultaneously, soil fertility is strengthened, better promoted the growth of crop.

What improve soil is rice hull carbon, its carbon content is 38% ~ 50%, moisture≤2%, the carbon granules degree is about 2.5 mm, 1--100 μ m porosity is about 42%, cation exchange capacity is (72cmol/kg) approximately, rice husk carbon is except itself containing plant-growth desired nutritional element, inside has higher specific surface area for microvoid structure, the active group of raw material of wood-charcoal inside can carry out ion-exchange with positively charged ion on every side, and the soil cation concn is improved, and improves edatope, when removing pollutent, soil fertility is enhanced.

The every 5cm floor height of rice hull carbon and native soil interval is laid in the earthwork space of digging out, and wherein a kind of earthwork is of a size of 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m.

Plant adaptable xylophyta bald cypress.Bald cypress is water-fast, salt tolerant, and anti-pollution power is strong, can well adapt in the soil of improvement and preferably growth.Moreover the bald cypress growth cycle is long, and biomass is large than herbaceous plant, can guarantee wet land system long-term between steady running, reduce the trouble of the subsequent disposal such as frequent harvesting, and a large amount of timber that grow up to have higher economic worth.

Reactor is distributed in irrigation canals and ditches, Bin Shui area, pool, and when the water body of rich Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing flow through, from a side inflow rice hull carbon bio-reactor, water body and charcoal layer were had an effect.The rice hull carbon layer is held back the eutrophic pollution material in the rich nitrogen phosphorus water by filtration, absorption, ion-exchange.The functional group generation replacement(metathesis)reaction on the positively charged ion that dissolves in the water body and rice hull carbon surface, a large amount of positively charged ions (such as K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ etc.) are by rice

Shell carbon surface function group crossover fixation.When water body flowed out from opposite side, water-quality guideline improved.Simultaneously, the bald cypress root system is solid netted to be distributed in the reactor, draws positively charged ion and the nitrogen phosphorus nutrition element on rice hull carbon surface, and then is converted into the organic-biological amount, makes pollution substance isolate rich nitrogen phosphorus water to be.This reactor not only can effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss that the overflow water body such as arable land, farmland causes, and reduces widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.Also can improve the nutrient retain strength of topsoil, reduce the Term Fertilization total amount, the migration of retention eutrophication pollution thing.

The cationic exchange effect is the phenomenon that exists in the soil, and it is one of most important chemical property of soil, is that soil has supply, protects and store up a minute element, pollutent is had the basic reason of certain self-purification capacity and environmental capacity.The direct reflect soil of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) is protected the ability of holding, supply and cushion nutrient, affects simultaneously multiple other soil physico-chemical property.By the soil of rice hull carbon improvement, its cation exchange capacity (CEC) greatly strengthens, and edatope is improved, and can better promote the growth of self-employed tree cultivator crop, brings larger economic benefit.Simultaneously rice hull carbon is a kind of environment-friendly material, itself contains the required nutritive element of plant-growth, and is applied in the soil and can bring secondary pollution, therefore has very high suitability.

Claims

1. a biological treatment of sewage method of utilizing rice hull carbon to carry out cationic exchange, absorption, filtration is characterized in that the method comprises following processing step,

A, at a wide 5m, field irrigation canals and ditches one side of long 500m, every five meters dig a length and width height be respectively 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m the earthwork;

B, the backfill earthwork, every 5cm spreads at the interval rice hull carbon and the native soil of 2.5mm particle diameter in the earthwork, in the earthwork, plant a strain bald cypress after completing, utilize the natural water height of water, the current artificial charcoal soil interlayer of flowing through makes water body fully contact with raw material of wood-charcoal, thereby filter, absorption, ion exchange reaction forms Sewage treatment systems, absorb and remove nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants, through the soil of rice hull carbon improvement, because cation exchange capacity (CEC) strengthens, the surrounding soil environment is improved simultaneously, soil fertility is strengthened, better promoted the growth of crop;

Described improvement soil be rice hull carbon, its carbon content is 38% ~ 50%, moisture≤2%, the carbon granules degree is 2.5 mm, 1--100 μ m porosity is 42%, cation exchange capacity 72cmol/kg, rice husk carbon is except itself containing plant-growth desired nutritional element, inside has higher specific surface area for microvoid structure, the active group of raw material of wood-charcoal inside can carry out ion-exchange with positively charged ion on every side, and the soil cation concn is improved, and improves edatope, when removing pollutent, soil fertility is enhanced;

The every 5cm floor height of described rice hull carbon and native soil interval is laid in the earthwork of digging out, and wherein the earthwork is of a size of 1.5m*1.5m*1.5m.