CN108986947B - Combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment system and treatment method - Google Patents
Combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment system and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined type uranium-containing low-level radioactive wastewater purification treatment system and a treatment method. The wastewater purification treatment system comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer of 10-20 cm, a humus adsorption layer of 10-20 cm, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer of 10-20 cm, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer of 10-20 cm and the like from top to bottom, wherein a perforated drain pipe is arranged in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer. When the device is used, uranium-containing low-level wastewater is respectively subjected to purification treatment for 5-6 hours from top to bottom through a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like, and then is discharged through a perforated drain pipe. The invention can effectively solve the problem of double pollution of radioactivity and heavy metal toxicity of uranium in radioactive polluted water bodies such as uranium mining and metallurgy, uranium tailings and the like to the water body environment at low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to purification treatment of uranium-containing low-level radioactive wastewater, in particular to a purification system and a treatment method of uranium-containing low-level radioactive wastewater.
Background
The uranium-containing low-level wastewater mainly comprises wastewater of mining, dressing and smelting, purifying and converting uranium ores, nuclear facility decommissioning, nuclear facility decontamination washing, nuclear reactor wastewater, spent fuel post-treatment, radioisotope generation and application wastewater, uranium tailing beach surface and seepage water and other uranium-containing wastewater. The waste water from the production and experiment of nuclear weapons and other industries, such as waste water from uranium, society, radium mineral extraction of rare earth elements, etc.
According to the classification standard of radioactive wastes (GB 9133-1995), most of the uranium-bearing waste water belongs to the I-grade low-level radioactive waste liquid, and the concentration is less than or equal to 4 x 106Bq/L. The wastewater has large amount and low nuclide concentration, and has the main problems of high treatment and disposal investment, high energy consumption, long time for continuous treatment, low treatment efficiency and the like. These low level waste waters, when introduced into the environment, cause water and soil pollution and may enter the human body through various routes, causing harm to the environment and human beings. How to effectively treat the large amount of low-level wastewater is directly related to the sustainable development problem of the nuclear industry, and is a great problem which needs to be solved urgently.
The treatment of uranium mining and metallurgy wastewater, whether domestic or foreign, can be roughly divided into physical, chemical and biological treatment methods, or a combination of two or three of the methods. Chemical (coagulation) precipitation, ion exchange, evaporation concentration and adsorption are 4 basic processes for treating low-radioactivity uranium-containing wastewater. However, the conventional treatment processes have major limitations, firstly, high technical cost and secondly, small treatment capacity, and the large-scale treatment of the water body polluted by the radioactivity is difficult for places requiring rapid and thorough treatment or repair. For the condition similar to water seepage of a uranium ore ex-service tailing pond, the treatment cost is overhigh due to the characteristics of multiple water seepage points, large water seepage amount, low concentration of seepage uranium, extremely long seepage treatment time and the like. Meanwhile, the traditional treatment process has the problem of secondary treatment of precipitates, so that the treatment difficulty and the economic pressure are increased. In recent years, attention has been paid to new treatment methods and technologies, such as membrane separation, microbial adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, zero-valent iron treatment, bioremediation, that is, ecological treatment of radioactive uranium-containing wastewater, and the like. However, these new treatment techniques or methods are not still in the experimental research stage, and are difficult to use for the actual wastewater treatment because of the high treatment cost. Of particular note, attempts to use ecological treatment techniques for the treatment of radioactive wastewater contamination are receiving increasing attention. Because the treatment of radioactive wastewater containing uranium in decommissioned nuclear facilities lasts for decades or even hundreds of years, the traditional chemical and physical treatment modes are difficult to adapt to the requirement of long-term operation, and more economic and environment-friendly treatment technologies are urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combined method for treating low-level wastewater, which provides technical service for solving the problem of radioactive and heavy metal double pollution of uranium-containing wastewater such as uranium mining and metallurgy, uranium tailings and the like to a water body environment at low cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the combined ecological purification treatment system for the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is of a layered structure and comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer of 10-20 cm, a humus adsorption layer of 10-20 cm, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer of 10-20 cm and a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer of 10-20 cm from top to bottom, wherein a perforated drain pipe is arranged in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
The cracking modified rice hull retention layer is composed of puffed cracking rice hulls with the grain sizes of 1-3 mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified rice hull retention layer is 10-20 cm. The preparation method of the expanded cracked rice hulls in the cracked and modified rice hull retention layer comprises the steps of crushing the rice hulls coarsely, cracking and modifying the crushed rice hulls at 120-160 ℃ by using an extrusion puffing machine, and sieving the crushed rice hulls to obtain the expanded cracked rice hulls.
The humus adsorption layer is composed of peat with the humic acid content of more than 30%, and the thickness of the peat is 10-20 cm.
The alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is composed of modified leather with the grain size of 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is 10-20 cm. The alkali-activated modified leather in the alkali-activated modified leather adsorption layer is prepared by soaking leftover materials of leather processing in pure water for 48 hours, shearing the leftover materials into particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm, and drying the particles at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 12 hours. Adding 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution which is 2 times of the weight of the leather particles, controlling the temperature in a constant temperature oscillation box at 40 ℃ and carrying out alkaline hydrolysis activation for 4h, filtering, washing to be neutral, freezing for 12 h, and drying for 12 h to obtain the alkali activated modified leather.
The cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is composed of cracking modified bamboo velvet with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is 10-20 cm. The preparation method of the pyrolysis modified bamboo velvet in the pyrolysis modified bamboo velvet purification layer comprises the steps of coarsely crushing bamboo blocks, extruding, drawing and modifying the bamboo blocks at 120-160 ℃ by using an extrusion drawing machine, and sieving the bamboo blocks to obtain the pyrolysis modified bamboo velvet.
The method for treating the uranium-containing low-level wastewater by using the combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater ecological purification treatment system is characterized in that the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is led into the combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater ecological purification treatment system, the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is subjected to purification treatment by a cracking modified rice husk retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer and a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer from top to bottom respectively, the retention time is 5-6 h, and the purified effluent is discharged through a perforated drain pipe in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
According to the invention, a combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment system is used for blocking particle impurities in low-level wastewater through a cracking modified rice hull blocking layer, and reducing a part of uranium content through adsorption purification. The humus adsorption layer further adsorbs and fixes uranium passing through the cracking modified rice hull retention layer. And the alkali-activated modified leather adsorption layer further adsorbs and purifies the residual uranium after the humic layer is adsorbed and fixed. The modified bamboo fine hair of schizolysis purifies the layer and accomplishes deep purification at last, and the low waste water discharge to reach standard after handling through multilayer deep purification system, purification treatment rate > more than 90%, can realize low-cost purification treatment to uranium-bearing low waste water of putting. In addition, the treatment materials of the uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment system all adopt natural renewable and fully biodegradable biomass-based adsorption materials, and the waste low-level wastewater purification treatment system can carry out biological rapid volume reduction, decrement and minimum treatment, protect the environment and prevent secondary pollution of waste.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a combined ecological purification treatment system for uranium-containing low-level wastewater comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like from top to bottom.
The cracking modified rice hull retention layer is composed of puffed cracking rice hulls with the particle size of 1mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified rice hull retention layer is 10 cm. The puffed cracked rice husk in the cracked modified rice husk retention layer is prepared by crushing rice husk, cracking and modifying at 120 ℃ by an extrusion puffing machine, and sieving to obtain the puffed cracked rice husk.
The humus adsorption layer is composed of peat with humic acid content of more than 30%, and the thickness is 10 cm.
The alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is composed of modified leather with the grain diameter of 3mm and the thickness of 10 cm. The alkali-activated modified leather in the alkali-activated modified leather adsorption layer is prepared by soaking leftover materials of leather processing in pure water for 48 h, cutting into 3mm particles, and drying at 40 ℃ for 12 h. Adding 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution which is 2 times of the weight of the leather particles, controlling the temperature in a constant temperature oscillation box at 40 ℃ and carrying out alkaline hydrolysis activation for 4h, filtering, washing to be neutral, freezing for 12 h, and drying for 12 h to obtain the alkali activated modified leather.
The cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is composed of cracking modified bamboo velvet with the particle size of 2mm and the thickness of 10 cm. The modified bamboo velvet in the purification layer is prepared by crushing bamboo blocks, extruding, drawing and modifying at 120 ℃ by using an extrusion drawing machine, and sieving to obtain the modified bamboo velvet.
The combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment method is characterized in that a 10cm cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer, a 10cm alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a 10cm humus adsorption layer, a 10cm cracking modified rice hull retention layer and the like are respectively filled in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top according to the low-level wastewater treatment amount. The retention time of the uranium-containing low-level wastewater from top to bottom after purification treatment by a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like is 5h, and the purified effluent is discharged through a perforated drain pipe in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
Example 2:
a combined ecological purification treatment system for uranium-containing low-level wastewater comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like from top to bottom.
The cracking modified rice hull retention layer is composed of puffed cracking rice hulls with the particle size of 3mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified rice hull retention layer is 20 cm. The puffed cracked rice husk in the cracked modified rice husk retention layer is prepared by crushing rice husk, cracking and modifying at 160 ℃ by an extrusion puffing machine, and sieving to obtain the puffed cracked rice husk.
The humus adsorption layer is composed of peat with humic acid content of more than 30%, and has a thickness of 20 cm.
The alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is composed of modified leather with the particle size of 5mm and the thickness of 20 cm. The alkali-activated modified leather in the alkali-activated modified leather adsorption layer is prepared by soaking leftover materials of leather processing in pure water for 48 h, cutting into 5mm particles, and drying at 40 ℃ for 12 h. Adding 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution which is 2 times of the weight of the leather particles, controlling the temperature in a constant temperature oscillation box at 40 ℃ and carrying out alkaline hydrolysis activation for 4h, filtering, washing to be neutral, freezing for 12 h, and drying for 12 h to obtain the alkali activated modified leather.
The cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is composed of cracking modified bamboo velvet with the particle size of 3mm and the thickness of 20 cm. The modified bamboo velvet in the purification layer is prepared by crushing bamboo blocks, extruding, drawing and modifying at 160 ℃ by using an extrusion drawing machine, and sieving to obtain the modified bamboo velvet.
The combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment method is characterized in that a 20cm cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer, a 20cm alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a 20cm humic substance adsorption layer, a 20cm cracking modified rice hull retention layer and the like are respectively filled in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top according to the low-level wastewater treatment amount. The retention time of the uranium-containing low-level wastewater from top to bottom after purification treatment by a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like is 6 hours, and the purified effluent is discharged through a perforated drain pipe in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
Example 3:
a combined ecological purification treatment system for uranium-containing low-level wastewater comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like from top to bottom.
The cracking modified rice hull retention layer is composed of puffed cracking rice hulls with the particle size of 2mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified rice hull retention layer is 15 cm. The puffed cracked rice husk in the cracked modified rice husk retention layer is prepared by crushing rice husk, cracking and modifying at 145 ℃ by using an extrusion puffing machine, and sieving to obtain the puffed cracked rice husk.
The humus adsorption layer is composed of peat with humic acid content of more than 30%, and the thickness is 15 cm.
The alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is composed of modified leather with the grain diameter of 4mm and the thickness of 15 cm. The alkali-activated modified leather in the alkali-activated modified leather adsorption layer is prepared by soaking leftover materials of leather processing in pure water for 48 h, cutting into 4mm particles, and drying at 40 ℃ for 12 h. Adding 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution which is 2 times of the weight of the leather particles, controlling the temperature in a constant temperature oscillation box at 40 ℃ and carrying out alkaline hydrolysis activation for 4h, filtering, washing to be neutral, freezing for 12 h, and drying for 12 h to obtain the alkali activated modified leather.
The cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is composed of cracking modified bamboo velvet with the particle size of 2.5mm and the thickness of 15 cm. The modified bamboo velvet in the purification layer is prepared by coarsely crushing bamboo blocks, performing extrusion wire drawing modification at 145 ℃ by using an extrusion wire drawing machine, and sieving to obtain the modified bamboo velvet.
The combined type uranium-containing low-level wastewater purification treatment method is characterized in that a 15cm cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer, a 15cm alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a 15cm humic substance adsorption layer, a 15cm cracking modified rice hull retention layer and the like are respectively filled in different cylindrical bodies from bottom to top according to the low-level wastewater treatment amount. The retention time of the uranium-containing low-level wastewater from top to bottom after purification treatment by a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer, a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer and the like is 5.5h, and the purified effluent is discharged through a perforated drain pipe in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
The dosage and proportion of each component in the application of the invention are mass percentage or mass ratio except for special indication.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the examples shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The combined ecological purification treatment system for the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is characterized by being of a layered structure, wherein the layered structure comprises a cracking modified rice hull retention layer of 10-20 cm, a humus adsorption layer of 10-20 cm, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer of 10-20 cm and a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer of 10-20 cm from top to bottom, and a perforated drain pipe is arranged in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer; the cracking modified rice hull retention layer is composed of puffed cracking rice hulls with the particle size of 1-3 mm, and the thickness of the puffed cracking rice hulls is 10-20 cm; the preparation method of the expanded cracked rice hulls in the cracked modified rice hull retention layer comprises the steps of crushing the rice hulls coarsely, cracking and modifying the crushed rice hulls at 120-160 ℃ by using an extrusion puffing machine, and sieving the crushed rice hulls to obtain the expanded cracked rice hulls; the humus adsorption layer is composed of peat with the humic acid content of more than 30%, and the thickness of the peat is 10-20 cm; the alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is composed of modified leather with the particle size of 3-5 mm, and the thickness of the alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer is 10-20 cm; the preparation method of the alkali-activated modified leather comprises the steps of soaking the leftover materials of leather processing in pure water for 48 hours, shearing the leftover materials into particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm, and drying the particles at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 12 hours; adding 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution 2 times of the weight of the leather particles, controlling the temperature in a constant-temperature oscillation box at 40 ℃, carrying out alkaline hydrolysis activation for 4 hours, filtering, washing to be neutral, freezing for 12 hours, and drying for 12 hours to obtain the leather finishing agent; the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is composed of cracking modified bamboo velvet with the particle size of 2-3 mm, and the thickness of the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer is 10-20 cm; the preparation method of the cracking modified bamboo velvet comprises the steps of coarsely crushing bamboo blocks, carrying out extrusion wire drawing modification at 120-160 ℃ by using an extrusion wire drawing machine, and sieving to obtain the cracking modified bamboo velvet.
2. A method for treating uranium-containing low-level wastewater by using the combined type ecological purification treatment system for uranium-containing low-level wastewater as defined in claim 1, which is characterized in that the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is introduced into the combined type ecological purification treatment system for uranium-containing low-level wastewater, the uranium-containing low-level wastewater is subjected to purification treatment by a cracking modified rice hull retention layer, a humus adsorption layer, an alkali activation modified leather adsorption layer and a cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer from top to bottom respectively, the retention time is 5-6 h, and the purified effluent is discharged through a perforated drain pipe in the cracking modified bamboo velvet purification layer.
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