CN102350147B - 一种一体化的吸附除尘装置 - Google Patents
一种一体化的吸附除尘装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种一体化的吸附除尘装置，其中箱体分为一个或多个分室，每个分室内垂直安装若干个滤袋和一个筒式吸附器，筒式吸附器设有管筒，管筒内装有吸附剂，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过滤袋除尘后进入筒式吸附器，由吸附剂吸附各种气态污染物。本发明将除尘和气态污染物脱除整合在一起，只占用袋式除尘器的面积，可在原有袋式除尘器基础上进行改造，使原有袋式除尘器具有去除气态污染物的功能；装置处理气流量大，受烟气量变化的影响小，无二次污染，无水消耗。吸附剂可多次再生，反复利用。本发明可同时有效去除颗粒物、SO2、NOx、Hg等燃烧设备排放的气态污染物以及工业排放有毒有害的气态有机污染物。
Description
—种一体化的吸附除尘装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于工业废气净化与环保及化工领域，特别涉及一种吸附与除尘一体的吸附除尘装置。
背景技术
[0002] 我国为水资源匮乏的国家，水资源分布不均衡，发展能源工业面临的节水任务十分严峻。而常用的气态污染物一体脱除技术大都以水为溶剂，其中工业上常用的具有同时除尘与脱硫、脱硝的气态污染物脱除装置更是属于湿法脱除领域，并以湿式除尘器为基础进行改造，存在需水量大，设备腐蚀，污水和污泥难以处理，副产物易造成二次污染，阻力大且气态污染物脱除与除尘效果较差等问题，该类除尘器只在烟气处理量较小的场合得到应用。另外在(半)干法烟气脱除领域，常见脱除原料有钙基吸收剂、氨基化合物和吸附剂，其中钙基吸收剂、氨基化合物脱除气态污染物时仍需要以水为溶剂。吸附剂常用活性炭和活性焦，采用吸附剂的系统一 般将气态污染物脱除和除尘分成各自独立部分，系统比较复杂；有较大的占地面积；污染物脱除后再除尘的运行方式易造成粉尘堵塞吸附剂孔隙，影响吸附效果，如申请号为200810069384.7的中国专利所公开的“半干法垃圾焚烧烟气净化处理方法及其系统”。在袋式除尘器中有以活性炭无纺布制成的袋式除尘器，它具有同时除尘和脱除气态污染物的能力，但缺点在于吸附剂与滤袋结合在一起，活性炭难以再生，从而带来较大的浪费和较高的投资，如专利号为200520102575.0的中国专利所公开的“活性炭无纺布”。在袋式除尘器箱体出口安装活性炭墙，在除尘后进行气态污染物吸附，可以防止粉尘堵塞吸附剂孔隙，但为了达到较好的吸附效果需要提供较大的吸附墙高度和外表面积，气流流动特性会造成吸附不均匀:绝大部分气流通过靠近出入口的位置进出，并在这些位置进行气态污染物吸附，其它位置的吸附效果差，造成吸附剂浪费，如申请号为200810300002.7的中国专利所公开的“一种具有同时脱硫脱氮功能的袋式除尘器”。本申请人的申请号为201010575093.2的中国专利公开了一种一体化的除尘与气态污染物脱除装置，包括支架和袋式除尘器，袋式除尘器由上到下由清灰装置、箱体、灰仓、卸灰装置组成，箱体内设有若干个垂直安装的滤袋，所述滤袋的内部或外部设有与滤袋一一对应的吸附器，吸附器通过吸附器支撑笼安装在箱体内。吸附饱和时，需要将吸附器从每一个滤袋中取出更换，更换不方便，操作麻烦。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服上述现有技术的不足，提出一种构造合理，操作方便、可靠，占地面积小，除尘和气态污染物脱除效果好，吸附器中吸附剂更新、更换方便的一体化的吸附除尘装置。
[0004] 本发明解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案是:一种一体化的吸附除尘装置，包括支架、卸灰装置、灰仓、中箱体、上箱体、清灰装置，中箱体分为一个或多个分室，每个分室内设有若干个垂直安装的滤袋，其特征是:每个分室内安装一个筒式吸附器，筒式吸附器设有一垂直安装的管筒，管筒内装有吸附剂，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过若干个滤袋除尘后进入筒式吸附器，由其中的吸附剂吸附各种气态污染物。
[0005] 本发明所述筒式吸附器的管筒为圆柱形直筒状的密封管道，除尘后的气流从密封管道的一端进入，从另一端经气流出口流出。
[0006] 所述筒式吸附器的管筒密封管道下端设有卸料阀。吸附时吸附剂在密封管道内不流动，根据气态污染物排放浓度，从上端添加和通过卸料阀排出吸附剂。
[0007] 本发明所述筒式吸附器的管筒由滤网制成，除尘后的气流从管筒的滤网壁进入，通过吸附剂吸附后从位于上箱体中的管筒上端的滤网壁流出，经气流出口排出。
[0008] 本发明所述由滤网制成管筒带有锥度或台阶，呈下窄上宽的锥筒形，其出口横截面积最大。这样，在出口吸附剂的量相对最多，符合气流在吸附器内流动时气流量逐渐增力口，满足对气态污染物脱除的需要。
[0009] 本发明所述由滤网制成管筒，筒式吸附器向下伸出中箱体的部分为密封管，其下端设有卸料器，通过卸料器带动，吸附剂可由上向下连续均匀流动，持续送入和排出。
[0010] 本发明所述中 箱体内还设有多个分层隔板，其安装于滤袋和筒式吸附器之间及滤袋之间，将中箱体由下至上分成多层。
[0011] 本发明充分利用中箱体内的有效空间，将除尘和气态污染物脱除整合在同一装置内，只占用袋式除尘器的面积。中箱体每个分室内部安装一个筒式吸附器，将除尘后的气流集中引入该吸附器，避免了粉尘堵塞吸附剂孔隙；不存在吸附死区。对照现有技术，本发明结构简单，占地面积小，可在原有袋式除尘器基础上进行改造，使原有袋式除尘器具有去除气态污染物的功能；操作方便、可靠，处理气流量大，受烟气量变化的影响小。无二次污染，无水消耗，可在水缺乏的地区推广。吸附剂可多次再生，反复利用，从而降低运行费用。本发明在可同时有效去除颗粒物、S02、N0x、Hg等燃烧设备排放的气态污染物以及工业排放有毒有害的气态有机污染物，袋式除尘与吸附剂吸附的效果好，吸附后的气流中粉尘和气态污染物浓度低于国家规定的排放标准。
附图说明
[0012] 下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
[0013] 图1是本发明一种结构的示意图。
[0014] 图2是图1的A-A向示意图。
[0015] 图3是本发明另一种结构示意图。
[0016] 图4是图3的B-B向示意图。
[0017] 图中的标号是:1.支架，2.卸灰装置，3.气流出口，31.气流出口阀，32.阻拦网，
4.灰仓，41.气流入口，5.中箱体，51.分室隔板，52.花板，53.分层隔板，54.钢板，6.滤袋，61.鼠笼，7.筒式吸附器，71.管筒，72.吸附剂，73.卸料阀，74.星形卸料器，75.排料管，76.吸附剂料仓，8.上箱体，81.压缩空气管道，82.喷吹管，9.清灰气流入口，91.清灰气流入口阀。
具体实施方式
[0018] 从图1、图3中可以看出，一种一体化的吸附除尘装置，包括支架1，由下至上依次安装的卸灰装置2、灰仓4、中箱体5、上箱体8，以及清灰装置。支架I是本发明整个装置的支撑部分。清灰装置的清灰方式可为机械振动式、反吹风式或气体脉冲式。滤袋6的具体组成、结构以及使用和更换，清灰装置、卸灰装置2的具体组成属于现有技术。气流入口 41装在灰仓4上，气流经由气流入口 41进入本装置中箱体5中。
[0019] 本发明中箱体5分为一个或多个分室。每个分室对应一个锥形灰仓4,分室内设有若干个垂直安装的滤袋6和一个筒式吸附器7，筒式吸附器7设有一垂直安装的管筒71，管筒71内装有吸附剂72，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流通过若干个滤袋6除尘后进入筒式吸附器7，由其中的吸附剂72吸附各种气态污染物。除尘吸附后的洁净气流由气流出口 3排出。清灰装置将滤袋6表面的粉尘清除，落入灰仓4，由卸灰装置2排出。
[0020] 实施例1:如图1、图2所示，一种一体化的吸附除尘装置，包括支架1、卸灰装置2、灰仓3、中箱体5、上箱体8、清灰装置等。中箱体5和上箱体8由花板53分隔。中箱体5左右由分室隔板51分成两个封闭的分室，每个分室内设有若干个垂直吊装的圆柱形滤袋6 ；滤袋6安装在中箱体5中，由鼠笼61支撑，鼠笼61由四个纵向钢条和三个横向环形钢条扎成；滤袋6顶部固定于花板52。滤袋6四周和底部由滤料制成，为除尘表面；每个滤袋6的上端开口，对应着花板52的花孔，过滤后的气流由此流出。上箱体8四周和顶部密封，顶部有顶盖，一侧通有压缩空气管道81。清灰装置在上箱体内有压缩空气管道81和喷吹管82。
[0021] 本发明在所述中箱体5的每个分室内安装一个筒式吸附器7，筒式吸附器7设有一垂直安装的管筒71，管筒71为圆柱形直筒状的密封管道，由无缝钢管制成；管筒71顶部开口并固定在花板52上，顶部开口与花板52的一个花孔对应，除尘后的气流从该开口端进入，管筒71内装有吸附剂72，所选的吸附剂72为活性炭。管筒71下方侧面设气流出口 3，气流出口 3与套筒71以阻拦网32隔开，防止活性炭流出；气流出口 3的开闭由气流出口阀31控制。除尘后的气流经过上箱体8后从管筒71的上端进入，从下端经气流出口 3流出。这样，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过若干个滤袋6除尘后进入筒式吸附器7，由其中的吸附剂72吸附各种气态污染物，最终使气流达标排放。
[0022] 所述筒式吸附器7的管筒71下端设有卸料阀73，用于控制活性炭排放。吸附时吸附剂在管筒71内不流动，根据气态污染物排放浓度，打开上箱体8的顶盖添加和通过卸料阀排出吸附剂。
[0023] 上述一体化的吸附除尘装置的工作过程是:首先，气流出口阀31开启，卸料阀73关闭。含尘和气态污染物的气流通过气流入口 41流入灰仓4，进入中箱体5后从外侧流入滤袋6，以外滤的方式除尘。气流从滤袋6顶部流出后进入上箱体8，然后从筒式吸附器7顶部进入筒式吸附器7，气流在筒式吸附器7内向下流动，气态污染物被活性炭吸附。吸附后的清洁气流通过与筒式吸附器7连接的气流出口 3流出。当中箱体5内某个分室阻力达到设定值时，清灰装置开始工作:压缩空气流经压缩空气管道81后通过喷吹管82喷出，滤袋6上的粉尘被吹脱，清除下的粉尘落入灰仓4 ;粉尘量达到一定程度后，卸灰装置2打开，将粉尘排出，清灰和除尘可同时进行。滤袋6破损或达到使用寿命时，关闭气流出口阀31，打开上箱体8的顶盖，将滤袋5取出更换。当气态污染物监测设备监测到某个分室排出气流中的气态污染物浓度达到国家排放标准95%时，关闭气流出口阀31，停止除尘和吸附，打开上箱体8的顶盖，打开卸料阀63，将活性炭排出再生，使活性炭反复利用。活性炭排光后，关闭卸料阀63，将新鲜 活性炭从筒式吸附器7顶部加入。合上顶盖，开启气流出口阀31，使该分室开始除尘和吸附。
[0024] 实施例2:如图3、图4所示，一种一体化的吸附除尘装置负压运行，包括支架1，由下至上依次安装卸灰装置2、灰仓4、中箱体5、上箱体8，以及清灰装置。灰仓4与中箱体5由花板52分隔，中箱体5与上箱体8通过钢板54分隔。上箱体8四周和顶部密封，上箱体8 —侧为气流出口 3。
[0025] 中箱体5只有一个工作室。其清灰方式为反吹风式，在中箱体5上部一侧设有反吹风式清灰气流入口 9。中箱体5内设有若干个垂直吊装的圆柱形滤袋6，滤袋6由鼠笼61支撑，鼠笼61由四个纵向钢条和三个横向环形钢条扎成；滤袋6顶部吊装在钢板54上，底部垂直固定在花板52上。
[0026] 中箱体5内安装一个筒式吸附器7，筒式吸附器7设有一垂直安装的管筒71，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过若干个滤袋6除尘后进入筒式吸附器7，由其中的吸附剂72吸附各种气态污染物。
[0027] 所述筒式吸附器7的管筒71穿过钢板54，位于中箱体5和上箱体8内，由滤网制成，除尘后的气流从中箱体5内的滤网壁进入筒式吸附器7，吸附剂72吸附后的气流从上箱体8内的滤网壁流出，进入上箱体8，最后由气流出口 3排出。滤网作为气流通道的同时防止吸附剂72泄漏。
[0028] 所述由滤网制成的管筒71在中箱体5内的部分带有锥度或台阶，呈下窄上宽的锥筒形，其出口横截面积最大，这样，在出口吸附剂72的量相对最多，符合气流在筒式吸附器7内流动时气流量逐渐增加，满足对气态污染物脱除的需要。管筒71在上箱体8内为圆柱形。筒式吸附器7由管筒71，星形卸料器74，排料管75，吸附剂料仓76组成，其内部流动的吸附剂72为强度较高的活性焦。管筒71上部固定连接吸附剂料仓76，吸附剂料仓76位于上箱体8顶部；管筒71下部 固定连接由无缝钢管制成的排料管75，这样可以防止带有粉尘的气流直接流入排料管75，不经过滤袋6就排出，影响除尘效果；排料管75下端设有一星形卸料器74，星形卸料器74的作用是防止空气泄漏进筒式吸附器7内。通过星形卸料器74带动，吸附剂72可由上向下连续均匀流动，持续送入和排出。
[0029] 经过滤袋6过滤后的气流直接由筒式吸附器7上部流出时阻力最小，这会导致筒式吸附器7中下部的吸附剂72得不到利用，造成浪费。因此在所述中箱体5内还设有多个分层隔板54，其安装于滤袋6和筒式吸附器7之间及滤袋6之间，将中箱体5由下至上分成多层。这样，经过滤袋6除尘后的气流强制在各层内流动，并流入对应高度的筒式吸附器7内；气流由下至上在筒式吸附器7中流动，这就有效避免了气流直接从筒式吸附器7上部流出的现象，使筒式吸附器7的吸附剂72得到充分利用。
[0030] 上述一体化的吸附除尘装置的工作过程是:如图3、图4所示，首先，气流出口阀31开启，清灰气流入口阀91关闭。气流通过气流入口 41流入灰仓4,进入中箱体5的滤袋6内部，以内滤的方式除尘；除尘后的气流沿滤袋6四围流出后，经过中箱体5内滤网结构的管筒71流入筒式吸附器7。在向上流动过程中，气流中的气态污染物被活性焦吸附。吸附后的清洁气流通过上箱体8内管筒71的滤网流出，由气流出口 3排出。活性焦持续向下流动，从吸附剂料仓76持续流经筒式吸附器7和排料管75，最终由星形卸料器74排出再生。当袋式除尘器阻力达到设定值，气流出口阀31关闭，星形卸料器74停止转动，清灰气流入口阀91开启，空气由清灰气流入口 9吹入，将滤袋6内表面的粉尘清除。粉尘落入灰仓4，粉尘量到一定程度后，卸灰装置2打开将粉尘排出。当滤袋6破损或达到使用寿命时，气流出口阀31关闭，星形卸料器74停止转动，打开中箱体5将滤袋6取出更换。
[0031] 本发明充分利用箱体内的有效空间，将除尘和气态污染物脱除整合在同一装置内，只占用袋式除尘器的面积。每个分室内部安装一个筒式吸附器，将除尘后的气流集中引入该吸附器，避免了粉尘堵塞吸附剂孔隙；不存在吸附死区。本发明结构简单，占地面积小，可在原有袋式除尘器基础上进行改造，使原有袋式除尘器具有去除气态污染物的功能；操作方便、可靠，处理气流量大，受烟气量变化的影响小。无二次污染，无水消耗，可在水缺乏的地区推广。吸附剂可多次再生，反复利用，从而降低运行费用。本发明可同时有效去除颗粒物、SO2、NOx、Hg等燃烧设备排放的气态污染物以及工业排放有毒有害的气态有机污染物，袋式除尘与吸附剂吸附效果好，吸附后的气流中粉尘和气态污染物浓度低于国家规定的排放标准 。
Claims (2)
1.一种一体化的吸附除尘装置，包括支架、卸灰装置、灰仓、中箱体、上箱体、清灰装置，中箱体和上箱体由花板分隔，中箱体左右由分室隔板分成两个封闭的分室，每个分室内设有若干个垂直吊装的圆柱形滤袋，滤袋顶部固定于花板上，每个滤袋的上端开口，对应着花板的花孔，过滤后的气流由该开口流出进入上箱体；其特征是:每个分室内安装一个筒式吸附器，所述筒式吸附器位于滤袋外侧，并且平行于滤袋安装固定，所述筒式吸附器设有一垂直安装的管筒，管筒内装有吸附剂，所述管筒为圆柱形直筒状的密封管道，管筒顶部开口并固定在花板上，管筒下方侧面设气流出口，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过若干个滤袋除尘后，从滤袋的上端开口进入上箱体后从管筒的顶部开口进入筒式吸附器的密封管道，气流在筒式吸附器内由上向下流动，从下端经气流出口流出，由其中的吸附剂吸附各种气态污染物；所述筒式吸附器的管筒密封管道下端设有卸料阀。
2.—种一体化的吸附除尘装置，包括支架、卸灰装置、灰仓、中箱体、上箱体、清灰装置，灰仓与中箱体由花板分隔，中箱体与上箱体通过钢板分隔，上箱体四周和顶部密封，上箱体一侧设有气流出口，中箱体内设有若干个垂直吊装的圆柱形滤袋，滤袋顶部吊装在钢板上，底部垂直固定在花板上；每个滤袋的下端开口，对应着花板的花孔，其特征是:所述中箱体和上箱体中心轴线上贯通安装有一个筒式吸附器，筒式吸附器由管筒、星形卸料器、排料管、吸附剂料仓组成，管筒垂直安装，管筒内装有吸附剂，在中箱体中，管筒位于各滤袋的中心位置；所述筒式吸附器的管筒位于中箱体和上箱体内的部分由滤网制成，带有粉尘和气态污染物的气流，通过若干个滤袋除尘后，从中箱体内的管筒滤网壁进入筒式吸附器，由其中的吸附剂吸附各种气态污染物；吸附后的气流从上箱体内的管筒滤网壁流出进入上箱体，最后由气流出口排出；所述由滤网制成的管筒在中箱体内的部分带有锥度或台阶，呈下窄上宽的锥筒形，其出口横截面积最大；由滤网制成的管筒在上箱体内的部分为圆柱形；筒式吸附器向下伸出中箱体的部分为排料管，排料管下端安装有卸料器，通过卸料器带动，吸附剂可由上向下连续均匀流动，持续送入和排出；所述中箱体内还设有多个分层隔板，其安装于滤袋和筒式吸附 器之间及滤袋之间，将中箱体由下至上分成多层。
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| CN102716622B (zh) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-07-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | 一种集成袋式除尘与流态化吸附装置 |
| CN102908869B (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-04-22 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | 一种多层式活性焦烟气净化吸附塔 |
| CN104275046A (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽盛运环保工程有限公司 | 一种多层组合式布袋除尘器 |
| CN105617771A (zh) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-06-01 | 世源科技工程有限公司 | 空气过滤器，空气过滤装置及空气过滤系统 |
| FR3047482B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-04 | 2019-12-20 | Marc BERMUDES | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES DISSOLVED IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION |
| CN106955535B (zh) * | 2017-03-20 | 2021-03-09 | 合肥睿涌陶瓷材料科技有限公司 | 一种用于热喷涂设备的废气回收处理装置 |
| CN108421327A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-08-21 | 马鞍山科宇环境工程有限公司 | 一种单机脉冲袋式除尘器及其工作方法 |
| CN109364692A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-22 | 四川天采科技有限责任公司 | 一种一体化的集装吸附器及其一体化控制设备 |
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