CN102348595A - 加固的泡沫材料车辆底盘 - Google Patents

加固的泡沫材料车辆底盘 Download PDF

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CN102348595A
CN102348595A CN2010800111945A CN201080011194A CN102348595A CN 102348595 A CN102348595 A CN 102348595A CN 2010800111945 A CN2010800111945 A CN 2010800111945A CN 201080011194 A CN201080011194 A CN 201080011194A CN 102348595 A CN102348595 A CN 102348595A
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vehicle
foam material
closed
cell foam
layer
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CN102348595B (zh
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朗·R·巴拉尔
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

一种轻量型车辆部件，如由内部加固的刚性闭孔泡沫材料(12)形成的车辆底盘(100)。加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘(100)包括刚性闭孔泡沫材料外层(108a)、刚性闭孔泡沫材料内层(108c)、和布置在泡沫材料内层和外层之间的一个或多个加固的结构材料层(114)。加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘组合有加固的附件支撑点，其(114a)用于容纳和支撑车辆部件，如悬挂元件、转向部件、驱动电机和乘员座位。

Description

加固的泡沫材料车辆底盘
相关申请的交叉引用
本发明涉及并要求2009年3月19日提交的美国临时专利申请61/161,468的优先权，在本文中引用并参考其内容。
有关联邦资助的检索的声明
无。
背景技术
本发明一般涉及轻量型车辆及其制造方法，特别涉及用于车辆的轻量加固的闭孔(closed cell)泡沫材料部件或底盘，以及使用分层和加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘车辆结构向行人、乘客和物体提供碰撞保护的方法。
传统的轻量型机动车辆，如摩托车、轻便摩托车(mopeds)和三轮“三轮车”车辆，其具有前转向轮和一对横向布置、通常布置在横向轴上的后轮，但其通常缺少包围乘客或驾驶员的保护性车身结构或底盘。由于缺少防护外壳和冲击力吸收材料，这些类型的车辆无论是与其它车辆、行人还是与静止物体发生的事故通常导致严重的伤害和死亡。由于与制造、购买和维护这些车辆相关的较低成本，尽管存在危险，这些类型的车辆仍然很受欢迎。通常情况下，这些类型的轻量型车辆与封闭的四轮车辆相比可以相当低的成本获得，可以运行在更小的空间和拥挤的城市环境中，且燃油效率高。
因此，提供用于轻量型车辆的外壳或底盘是有利的，其用于车辆的结构支撑，提供在发生碰撞事故时乘员的保护，且不会显著增加车辆的制造成本或降低燃油效率。
并且，借助于这一技术，在有效减轻重量的同时，轿车、卡车和其他车辆可以提高安全性和燃料效率。
发明内容
简单地说，本发明提供了用于轻量型车辆的组件，如底盘，其由内部增强的刚性泡沫材料形成。加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘包括外层刚性泡沫材料、内层刚性泡沫材料以及布置在内层和外层泡沫材料之间的一个或多个加固的结构元件或结构层。加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘配备有加固的结构附着点，其用于接收并支撑车辆驱动部件，如悬挂元件、转向部件、驱动发动机和乘员座位。内层和外层刚性泡沫材料的外露表面可以被处理以接收涂料或具有柔软的柔性外壳。
在本发明的一个实施例中，轻量型加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘由内层和外层闭孔刚性泡沫材料形成，使车辆底盘在浸入水中的情况下作为漂浮设备。
本发明中以及目前优选的实施例提出的上述特征和优点将从结合附图阅读以下说明中变得更加明显。
附图说明
在构成说明书一部分的附图中：
图1是本发明加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的侧视图；
图2是图1中沿线A-A的加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的剖视图，示出了泡沫材料车辆底盘的纤维加固件；
图3是图1中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的俯视图；
图4是由图1中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘构造的车辆的侧视图；
图5是与图4中的车辆对侧的侧视图；
图6是图4中车辆的前视图；
图7是图4中车辆的后视图；
图8是图4中车辆的透视图，其中集成的门和遮篷处于开启位置；
图9是加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的可选结构的侧视图；
图10是图9中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘沿线A-A的剖视图，说明了泡沫材料车辆底盘内加固层的布置；
图11是图9中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘沿线B-B的剖视图，说明了泡沫材料车辆底盘内加固层的布置；
图12是9中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的透视图；
图13是与图9中加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘一同使用的加固的闭孔泡沫材料门和遮篷的侧视图；以及
图14是图13中加固的闭孔泡沫材料门和遮篷的前视图。
所有附图中相应的参考数字表示相应的部件。可以理解附图仅用于说明本发明提出的概念而不做限制。
本发明的任意实施例详细解释之前，可以理解本发明不只限于其应用在以下说明书提出的或附图中说明的组件的布置和结构的细节中。
具体实施方式
以下详细的说明书通过举例的方式而不是通过限制的方式描述。说明书使本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明，并且，描述了包括目前被认为是实现本发明的最佳模式的本发明的几个实施例、应用、变化、替换及使用。
参考附图，本发明提出了一种加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆部件，如车身或底盘，当用于轻量型机动车辆的组件中时，适用于对行人、乘客和物体提供碰撞保护。在碰撞情况下，位于部件、车身或底盘的泡沫材料中的一层或多层强力纤维(strong fiber)或结构加固件的布置通过抵抗弯曲增强了压缩中的车辆底盘或部件。通过将具有由刚性材料、纤维、和/或胶粘物和树脂构成的内部加固件的泡沫材料叠层板(laminate)作为车辆底盘，车辆底盘在碰撞或撞击期间通过停止或减缓穿透物体来保护乘员。内部加固件将泡沫材料保持在一起以保护和加固泡沫材料，从而使其免遭破损，并提供增强的撞击力。此外，内部加固层进一步充分加固低密度泡沫材料，从而在无需外部加固且仅需最少量的内部加固材料或金属的情况下允许大轻量型物体的构造。
相比之下，目前在车辆和飞机中使用的复合泡沫材料板由两层组成，一般具有在内层的软泡沫材料和在外层的硬承载材料。在将如玻璃纤维、碳纤维或其它复合材料的结构加固件布置在泡沫材料结构的外部表面时，结构加固件随着时间的推移会从泡沫材料剥离，或必须将其做得较厚和较重以达到预期的外观和强度。相比之下，通过在刚性泡沫材料的内层和外层之间设置纤维或结构加固层，泡沫材料以及位于其中的加固材料层之间的粘结得到改进，这是因为与仅仅粘结到布置在外部表面上的材料的一侧相比，泡沫材料粘结到两个表面区域(两侧)。
如图1-3所示，本发明以车辆底盘100形式的加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆部件通常包括具有前段102、侧板104a、104b和后段106的闭孔泡沫材料叠层体100a，它们均由刚性闭孔泡沫材料层108a-c构造，使得外部表面110和内部表面112柔软或具有柔性。本领域技术人员能够理解，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，车辆底盘100的特殊形状和结构可以变化以适应各种各样的形状、尺寸、乘客和用途。例如，图9-14示出了不同于图1-3所示的车辆底盘100的变换构造，但具有包括内部加固层的刚性闭孔泡沫材料层的相同结构。
示例性的闭孔泡沫材料是密度为40Kg/m3、闭孔量为95％、抗压强度为32.9psi、抗拉强度为50psi、剪切强度为40psi和挠曲强度为60psi的聚氨酯(polyurethane)泡沫材料。通过在刚性闭孔泡沫材料的内层和外层108a、108c之间插入或压入一层或多层刚性加固材料114或金属部件来实现车辆底盘100的额外强度和加固，所述加固材料114为环氧玻璃纤维、塑料、蜂窝芯板(honeycomb coreboard)等。蜂窝芯板或其它加固材料层114嵌入泡沫材料层108a-c，从而加固或增强车辆底盘100的结构，同时提供保护以阻止物体在碰撞或撞击情况下侵入内部乘员舱116。额外的加固材料层114固定到或嵌入闭孔泡沫材料的层108a-c内，作为车辆200的部件可固定到其上的刚性结构附件支架114a。示例性的蜂窝芯板材料可以具有直径为8.0mm、容量为80-90Kg/m3、抗压强度为2.3MPa、剪切强度为0.5MPa的内孔核(cell core)。
如图2所示，车辆底盘100的底部段或部分118优选由一层刚性闭孔泡沫材料120封闭，在其内部表面120a和外部表面120b使用如玻璃纤维环氧树脂的刚性加固材料层122a和122b加固，以提供对道路碎片碰撞的耐磨性，并为布置在车辆底盘100的乘员舱116内的乘员座位提供合适的支撑。类似的加固材料的加固外部层122a、122b可以用于车辆底盘100需要安全的其它内部和外部表面，如车辆底盘防火墙的外部表面；或者，其可以用在车辆底盘100需要用于附属部件的附件支架114a的其它内部和外部表面，这些附属部件包括驱动机组或发动机、转向部件、或悬挂部件等。
如图1-3所示的车辆底盘100，加固的闭孔泡沫材料结构足够坚硬和耐用以作为传统的封闭客运车辆上的坚固的、重的、金属和塑料底盘结构和外部车身面板的替代品。本领域技术人员将意识到，作为补充层(未示出)的合适柔性遮盖物以如图4-7所示的用于外观的柔性涂料或薄UV保护层的形式可以应用到加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100的外部表面110，并防止加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100由于太阳光(紫外线(UV)光)而退化。另外，闭孔泡沫材料层108a-c可以用抗UV柔性彩色泡沫材料覆盖以美观和防晒，或可以与一体的保护皮外层(未示出)模制。外皮层可以由任何耐用柔性的或能量吸收的或柔软材料制造，如3-6mm的乙烯树脂(vinyl)、橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(ethylene vinyl acetate)、氯丁橡胶(neoprene)、软塑料等，并通过任何适当的方法粘结到加固的闭孔泡沫材料，如橡胶粘结剂。
车辆乘员和行人的安全通过使用在车辆底盘100内的能量吸收刚性闭孔泡沫材料层108a-108c提高，且轻量型的加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100用来构造机动车辆时降低了燃油消耗。
通过层刚性结构材料114来加固刚性闭孔泡沫材料层108a-c，车辆200的车辆底盘100、结构支撑件114a和车辆200的内部部件可以与刚性闭孔泡沫材料层108a-c一体形成车身100a。优选地，玻璃纤维、树脂、塑料、蜂窝芯板和金属(如铝)的段和层114可以嵌入内部泡沫材料层108c和外部泡沫材料层108a之间，以在整个加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100中传递和分配来自用于发动机202和驱动机组部件(包括车轮)204、悬挂部件206、包括一个或多个转向轮的转向部件208、门或可拆卸的硬顶和顶篷210的各种结构支撑架的载荷和应力，如图4-8所示。
装饰部件，如轻量型车轮盖212或挡泥板214可以固定到布置在加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100内的刚性支撑点114a，或通过在底盘结构内与加固的材料层相结合来直接固定到底盘100。集成到加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100内的铝合金型材(extrusions)和成形的金属板可以用来提供结构的稳定性，并为转向部件208、发动机202、车轮和驱动机组204、内部座椅216、挡风玻璃218和窗户218a、和悬挂结构提供支撑点。同样，车辆200的窗框、灯、后视镜和其它装饰部件的结构稳定性和支撑点可由集成到加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘中的刚性塑料部件来形成。理想的情况下，挡风玻璃218和其它窗户面板218a由透明的聚碳酸酯材料形成，以提高安全性和尽可能减少或降低破损情况下对乘员的伤害。
使用本发明的轻量型加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100大大降低了车辆重量，而增加了轻量型车辆在碰撞或撞击情况下对乘员和行人的安全性。碰撞时行人的安全是通过减少轻量型泡沫材料车辆的动能来增强的。使用用于车辆200的加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100的另一个优点在于，泡沫材料底盘100结构损坏情况下被降低的维修成本，以及在碰撞或撞击情况下，车辆200和其它物体的总体损坏的减少。与由传统的塑料或金属构成的类似的车辆或物体相比，车辆200和由加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构成的物体可以具有降低的环境碰撞和胎面接地宽度。例如，用在本发明车辆底盘100的构造中的加固的闭孔泡沫材料层108a-c可以由可再生资源如大豆形成，且具有较少的高成本材料，如金属或塑料。
本发明使用加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构造机动车辆提供了几个好处和优势。与使用传统的金属和塑料部件构成的类似的车辆相比，使用轻量型结构加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100减少了车辆的整体重量。由此生产的车辆将具有更好的燃油经济性和减少的废气排放。车辆较轻的重量使得电机或电动混合电机需要较少的动力推动车辆，且相应地，减少所需的能量存储单元(电池)的大小和驱动电机的大小，从而减少了车辆的尾气排放和对环境的冲击。
在碰撞或撞击的情况下，由加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构成的车辆200将提供对乘员和车辆200外的人或物体更好的保护。车辆底盘100上的闭孔泡沫材料120的外层108a作用为吸收碰撞能量，减少车辆200撞击行人和物体的损害。外部和结构泡沫材料层108a-108c吸收碰撞能量以减少对驾驶员和乘员的g力(g-force)。当泡沫材料层108在碰撞时裂开时，柔性的暴露的边缘不存在切伤或裂伤的危险。相应地，内部泡沫材料层108c作用为在碰撞或翻车的情况下通过吸收一些碰撞能量来软化对内部车辆乘员舱116内的驾驶员和/或乘员的碰撞。
示例性的车辆200如图4-9所示，使用本发明的加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构造大部分车身、底盘、内部和外部元件以节省重量和降低燃油消耗。车辆200提供对乘员、行人和车辆内外任意碰撞物体的保护。车辆200的大部分由结构加固的泡沫材料底盘100构成，车辆200集成了几英寸的保护层108，而不是在传统的玻璃纤维或塑料体车辆中发现的几分之一英寸。相比之下，由金属体构成的轻量型车辆或没有外部车身面板的轻量型车辆都仅仅在刚性内部表面和乘员之间提供了有限的被动保护，并需要额外的安全装置如主动气囊以保护乘员。由本发明的加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构成的车辆200通过保持结构刚性组件到最低限度且将它们封闭在泡沫材料108a-c的能量吸收层来对乘员舱116内的乘员、其它车辆、其它物体和行人提供被动保护。
本领域技术人员将意识到所示和这里描述的加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100不仅限于所述的或图1-3或4-8中所示的特定结构。从而进一步意识到可选车辆设计可以在使用了多少加固的闭孔泡沫材料120以及位于泡沫材料层之间的加固的结构材料114的布置方面进行变化。车辆200的大小和设计，包括车轮的数量、和所需的泡沫材料保护量，将决定泡沫材料120的类型、数量和密度以及底盘100内加固的材料114的数量和布置。例如，如图9-14所示，车辆200的可选结构可以将单一的加固闭孔泡沫材料底盘与结构材料段114、118和220合并，该结构材料段由一层环氧树脂涂层玻璃纤维层加固后的蜂窝芯板组成。优选地，加固的结构材料段114、118和220在闭孔泡沫材料注入之前定位在模具中，从而允许单个的底盘围绕这些段形成。
这将进一步意识到，合并入加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘100中、作为加固件114的特殊材料可以随着特定应用或所生产的加固的闭孔泡沫材料结构的预期使用而变化。例如，材质、厚度和重量可以根据使用的特殊材料而变化，如玻璃纤维、碳纤维和芳纶(kevlar)等。布置在泡沫材料层108a-c内的加固的材料114的形状和结构可以相似地从实心板、编织材料、垫、短切纤维等中选择，可以是用于与加固的材料114粘合在一起的环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、胶粘剂的树脂混合物等。
在使用如图4-8所示的本发明的加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的示例性的车辆200中，在碰撞情况下可能会伤害人或损坏物体的车辆200的前段102和侧面板104a、104b是柔软的，大约6英寸厚。车辆200的底板118由一到两英寸的刚性闭孔泡沫材料或蜂窝120组成，为了强度和刚度将外部玻璃纤维层粘结到表面120a和120b。
用于车辆200的本发明底盘100的制造的示例过程包括多个步骤过程。首先，通过手工分层(layering)或泡沫材料成型来将复合泡沫材料形成车辆底盘100的一般形状。加固的闭孔泡沫材料由几个基本部件组成，包括来自准备好的板(slap)的泡沫材料120，或通过将化学物混合到合适的模具内成型的模塑泡沫材料，加固的纤维和/或材料层114，其给出了额外的强度和其它性能，如能量吸收、材料粘合等，以及粘合并增强加固的材料以及闭孔泡沫材料的粘合剂，如环氧树脂、玻璃纤维树脂、胶粘剂等等。本领域技术人员将意识到，当泡沫材料通过混合到模具中来形成时，泡沫材料化学物可以作为粘合剂。在示例车辆200中，环氧树脂和玻璃纤维应用到闭孔泡沫材料120的外部和内部表面110、112。环氧树脂将玻璃纤维和泡沫材料粘合在一起制造坚固的刚性组件，其形成了车辆底盘100。在车辆的侧面104a和104b，由环氧树脂浸渍过的(impregnate)玻璃纤维的加固层114粘合在4英寸厚的外部泡沫材料层108a和2英寸厚的泡沫材料层102c之间。由此产生的车辆侧面对乘员和行人保护来说在外侧和内侧是柔软的，因为刚性的和坚固的材料(环氧玻璃纤维、铝和塑料)嵌入泡沫材料层内。由加固的材料114形成的用于座椅216的支撑面板220可以布置在乘员舱116内。
在车辆的水平底部表面或面板(pan)上，泡沫材料层120由具有正常复合材料设计结构的环氧树脂和玻璃纤维的外部层120a和120b覆盖，以便在乘员舱116内具有坚固的表面以支撑乘员重量，并使得车辆200的底部能抵抗石块和磨损。
车辆200的前部102由柔软的泡沫材料外层108a形成，具有来自前轮舱内部增加的强度，玻璃纤维/环氧树脂或芯板的加固材料层114被布置在所述内部以增加碰撞强度，如图3、9或12所示。加固的材料层114防止泡沫材料在碰撞时弯曲和爆裂，而位于中央车轮124的暴露表面上的、由玻璃纤维或其它材料制成的衬垫保护泡沫材料结构，以防止在前轮行驶时灰尘和石块进入车轮舱内。
在可选择的工序中，加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100可以通过注塑技术形成，其中闭孔泡沫材料120开始作为两个或多个不同的液体化学物。加固的材料层114或其它刚性结构元件在液体泡沫材料混合物与环氧树脂或粘合剂一起注入之前就布置在模具内。或者，孔可能布置在加固的材料层114或其它刚性结构元件内，在低应力位置，以允许液体泡沫材料混合物穿过并粘合到加固的材料层。孔进一步允许液体泡沫材料均匀地流向位于模具内的加固材料114的两侧，因而在膨胀期间不会发生变形。玻璃纤维树脂可以用来替代环氧树脂以节省成本。另外，可以将玻璃纤维喷入位于成品底盘100上的位置，而不采用分层(layering)，从而满足各种强度、重量和生产成本的需求。其它材料如芯板、碳纤维和芳纶可以用来形成加固层114。
通过采用闭孔泡沫材料层120，使用本发明的加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘100构造的车辆200是有浮力的，可以制造成两栖的。可选地，将水平横向辐条组合到一个或多个驱动轮的轮辋中，从而类似于浆船(paddlewheel boat)在水中提供推力。这种水平的辐条可以在入水之前加到车轮上或作为车轮永久的附加物。对于三轮车车轮的布置来说，通过将合适的盖安装到前轮可以使单个前轮转向组件作为方向舵。当在陆地上时，过盈安装的方向舵可以收回或在转向轮(steering wheel)的正常操作范围之上转动。永久的横向辐条在驱动轮轮毂上的组合，以及可伸缩的过盈安装的方向舵在从陆地到水和从水到陆地过渡时将允许车辆200完全在乘员舱116内操作。本领域技术人员将意识到可选的推进和转向系统可以由车辆200用来穿过水行驶，如螺旋浆或叶轮推进系统。
在不脱离本发明的范围内，上述结构中可以进行各种变化。例如，本领域技术人员将意识到使用本发明加固的闭孔泡沫材料底盘的车辆的大小、形状和结构可以从这里所示和所描述的进行修改。此外，这将意识到本发明的概念不仅限于用于整车底盘，相反，加固的闭孔泡沫材料的使用可以用来形成大量不同的车辆部件，包括门板、装饰板、侧板等等，并不仅限于用在一个整车底盘的构造中。可以预期的是上面说明中所包含或附图中所示的内容应当解释为说明性的而不是限制性的。

Claims (21)

1.一种用于轻量型机动车(200)的部件，其包括：
具有外表面(110)和内表面(112)的刚性闭孔泡沫材料叠层体(100a)，所述刚性闭孔泡沫材料叠层体至少具有外部泡沫材料层(108a)和内部泡沫材料层(108c)；
布置在所述泡沫材料叠层体的外部泡沫材料层和内部泡沫材料层之间的至少一个刚性加固层(114)；和
固定到所述泡沫材料叠层体(100a)的一个或多个刚性结构附件支架(114a)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其进一步包括：布置在所述泡沫材料叠层体的外表面和内表面中至少一个上的柔性保护层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆部件，其中：所述柔性保护层是UV抵抗层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述一个或多个刚性结构附件支架(114a)连接到所述闭孔泡沫材料叠层体(100a)中的所述至少一个刚性加固层(114)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述部件是车辆底盘(100)，并且，其中所述刚性结构附件支架(114a)包括转向组件支架、多个悬挂组件支架和发动机支架。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述部件是车辆底盘(100)，其中所述刚性结构附件支架(114a)包括乘员座位支架和车辆仪器支架。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述部件是车辆底盘(100)，且其中所述泡沫材料叠层体(100a)包括通过一对侧面板(104a，104b)和底段(118)连接的前段(102)和后段(106)。
8.根据权利要求7的改进的车辆底盘，其中：所述前段(102)包括用于被操纵的车辆车轮组件的刚性结构附件支架(114a)；
其中所述侧面板(104a，104b)均包括用于外部车辆车轮的刚性结构附件支架(114a)；以及
其中所述底面板(118)包括位于用于乘员座位的乘员舱(116)之内的内表面(120a)上的刚性结构附件支架。
9.根据权利要求8的改进的车辆底盘，其中：所述侧面板(104a，104b)中的至少一个进一步包括用于外部驱动发动机的刚性结构附件支架(114，114a)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料叠层体(100a)具有浮力。
11.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：布置在所述内部和外部泡沫材料层(108a，108c)之间的所述刚性加固层(114)从包括玻璃纤维、环氧浸渍后的玻璃纤维、铝、塑料、蜂窝芯板或钢的一系列刚性加固材料中选择。
12.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述泡沫材料层(108a-c)、所述刚性加固层(114)和所述一个或多个刚性结构附件支架(114a)构造为在与外部物体冲击或撞击期间吸收能量，并在冲击或撞击期间缓冲并缓和对外部物体的冲击。
13.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述部件是车辆底盘(100)，且其中所述内部泡沫材料层(108c)构造为在与外部物体冲击或撞击期间缓冲位于乘员舱(116)内的乘员。
14.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述一个或多个刚性加固材料层(114)构造为，在与外部物体冲击期间抵抗所述内部和外部泡沫材料层(108a，108c)的弯曲或破裂。
15.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述刚性加固材料层(114)构造为，在与外部物体冲击期间抵抗所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料叠层体(100a)的穿透。
16.根据权利要求1所述的车辆部件，其中：所述部件是车辆底盘、车身车窗、车顶板、车辆饰面板或车辆结构元件中的至少一个。
17.一种轻量型机动车辆，其包括：
加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘(100)，具有至少一个外部闭孔泡沫材料层(108a)、一个内部闭孔泡沫材料层(108c)、和布置在所述外部泡沫材料层和内部泡沫材料层之间的至少一个刚性结构加固材料层(114)；
至少一个连结到转向组件的可转向轮，所述转向组件安装到位于所述叠层泡沫材料车辆底盘之中的结构附件支架(114a)上；
从外部固定到位于所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘中的第二结构附件支架(114a)的驱动电机；
安装到位于所述叠层泡沫材料车辆底盘上的第三结构附件支架(114a)上、可操作地连接到由所述驱动发动机驱动的驱动系统的至少一个驱动车轮；以及
在用于至少一个操作员的乘员舱(116)之中的内部座位，其设置在所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘的内部空间之中。
18.根据权利要求17所述的轻量型机动车辆，其中：所述至少一个转向轮形成单个前轮，并且其中，所述至少一个驱动轮与至少一个附加轮一起构成一对后轮，所述附加轮从所述驱动轮横向位移约常用旋转轴的长度。
19.根据权利要求17所述的轻量型机动车辆，其中：所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘(100a)具有浮力，且其中所述车辆是两栖的。
20.根据权利要求17所述的轻量型机动车辆，其中：所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘(100a)构造为在碰撞时通过变形来吸收碰撞能量。
21.根据权利要求17所述的轻量型机动车辆，其中：所述加固的闭孔泡沫材料车辆底盘(100a)构造为在碰撞时抵抗物体穿透并进入所包含的乘员舱(116)。
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