CN102348570A - 在推进和扭矩矢量模式之间选择性转换驱动的驱动机构 - Google Patents

在推进和扭矩矢量模式之间选择性转换驱动的驱动机构 Download PDF

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CN102348570A
CN102348570A CN2010800116934A CN201080011693A CN102348570A CN 102348570 A CN102348570 A CN 102348570A CN 2010800116934 A CN2010800116934 A CN 2010800116934A CN 201080011693 A CN201080011693 A CN 201080011693A CN 102348570 A CN102348570 A CN 102348570A
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drive member
driver
driver train
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output
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CN102348570B (zh
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M.克洛普
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • B60K17/165—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing provided between independent half axles
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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Abstract

本发明涉及混合动力车辆，其带有用于给至少第一(18)和第二输出构件(20)传递扭矩的驱动机构，也涉及这种驱动机构，其中所述驱动机构包括：扭矩生成驱动构件(12)，其可操作的连接到所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)；转换元件(22)，其可操作的连接到所述驱动构件(12)，用于在推进模式或者在矢量模式中选择性的连接所述驱动构件(12)与所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)；其中在所述推进模式中，所述驱动构件(12)的扭矩被单方向引入到第一和第二输出构件(18、20)，其中在所述矢量模式中，所述驱动构件(12)的扭矩以相反的方向被引入到第一和第二输出构件(18、20)。

Description

在推进和扭矩矢量模式之间选择性转换驱动的驱动机构
技术领域
本发明涉及用于至少给第一和第二输出构件传递扭矩的驱动机构，特别是机动车辆的各轮轴。此外，本发明涉及机动车辆，特别是包括发动机和电力驱动构件的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
在现代的驱动系统中，如用于机动车辆的动力系统，扭矩矢量和主动偏航系统变得越来越突出。带有主动偏航系统或者扭矩矢量系统，扭矩选择性的不均匀分配到车轴的左和右轮。为了操纵车辆的角度偏航加速，电控的主动偏航或扭矩矢量系统因此提供一类转向效果，其可以提供改进的车辆灵敏和稳定性。
实际上，主动偏航系统或者扭矩矢量系统相对于转向不足或者过度转向改进车辆的稳定性。因此，上升的偏航动量可以通过作用于前和后轴的精确量的纵向力来抵消。以这种方式，可以获得完全可调的优化的横向驱动动力。主动偏航系统可以进一步改进转弯反应速度和减震，作为司机的转向输入的结果，导致更快的反应速度和更容易操作的车辆。
通常，主动偏航系统和扭矩矢量系统使用来自推进驱动机构的一定量的扭矩分支。可用的系统改变在轴的左和右轮之间的扭矩偏差。这些机构使内轮减速、外轮加速。这意味着，不管输入扭矩，将有与速度差成比例的扭矩差施加在轮之间。现存的典型解决方法包括在轴的左和右轮之间的传动齿轮，其中传动齿轮各自的驱动轴将与推进驱动或者借助于许多离合器与各自的轮相连。
带有经过滑动离合器操作的固定速度差比率的系统的局限在于偏斜依赖于圆角半径和离合器锁定的量。当然，离合器的滑动将导致离合器磨损和能量损失，其限制了持续时间和接合量。此外，速度差传动即使当没有使用时也有阻力损失。最后，如果由于紧的圆角半径导致的溜放速度差等于或者大于齿轮的速度比，那么矢量是没有可能的。
几乎任何主动偏航系统或者扭矩矢量系统都使用这个扭矩分支，其中在差值的两个输出之间的扭矩是有偏差的。
这个解决方法例如在DE 102005040253B3中进行了说明。其特征在于两个离合器，其外部零件借助于桥接构件被轴向拉紧。
这种主动偏航或者扭矩矢量系统通常在结构上是十分精心制作的、在生产中成本很高。
最近的发展表明通过附加的辅助电机来实现，其用于提供偏移扭矩叠加到受制于主动偏航或者扭矩矢量的不同轮轴。因为在典型应用中主动偏航或者扭矩矢量只是偶然应用，所以在不要求辅助电机的其余时间间隔过程中，辅助电机在空转。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是给至少第一和第二输出构件提供用于传动扭矩的驱动机构，其中驱动构件，如辅助电机可以以更有效和普遍的方式来应用。此外，本发明的进一步目的是提供扭矩传动和分配驱动机构，其包括简单的内部结构，并考虑到容易制造和成本较低。
本发明给至少第一和第二输出构件提供用于传动扭矩的驱动机构。驱动机构包括扭矩生成驱动构件，其可操作的连接到第一和第二输出构件。此外，驱动机构包括转换元件，其可操作的连接到驱动构件用于选择性的连接驱动构件与第一和第二输出构件。
借助于转换元件，在驱动构件到第一和第二输出构件之间的连接可以具有推进模式或者矢量模式。因此，借助于转换元件，扭矩生成驱动构件可以用两种模式连接到第一和第二输出构件，其中由驱动构件所提供的扭矩不同的传递给第一和第二输出构件。
在推进模式中，在驱动构件与第一和第二输出构件之间的连接是这样的，由驱动构件提供或产生的扭矩被单方向引入到第一和第二输出构件。因此，所产生的扭矩以一般意义上旋转的方式传递给两个输出构件。在车辆应用中，其中第一和第二输出构件相应于车辆的左和右轮轴，两个轮沿相同方向旋转。这样的扭矩因此被用于驱动车辆直线前进。
在另一个转换模式中，定义为矢量模式，驱动构件的扭矩沿相反的方向被引入到第一和第二输出构件。例如，由驱动构件产生的扭矩沿正方向传递给第一输出构件，而第二输出构件接收相应的负扭矩或者负的扭矩偏移。
按照车辆的应用来说，作为第一输出构件的右或外轮可以旋转更快，作为第二输出构件的左或内轮可以旋转更慢，以相对效果的方式，更好的是直径上相对，扭矩传递到第一和第二输出构件。因此，在矢量模式中，驱动构件主要用于扭矩矢量或者用于主动偏航系统的目的。在这种模式中，驱动构件用来提高车辆的转向敏捷和稳定性以抵抗转向不足或者过度转向。
借助于转换元件，驱动构件可以普遍应用于机动车辆的推进也用于扭矩矢量目的。这种方式，在推进模式中带有转换元件，驱动构件维持用于车辆驱动的通常推进。相反的，在矢量模式中，驱动构件以这种方式连接到第一和第二输出构件，由驱动构件产生的偏移扭矩沿相对方向叠加到第一和第二输出构件，因此是以相反方向的方式。
根据本发明的第一实施例，驱动构件包括第一和第二驱动元件，其相对于彼此可旋转的被支撑。因此，第一和/或第二驱动元件可旋转的支撑或可旋转的固定，这样就允许第一和第二驱动元件相对彼此可旋转的运动。例如，第一或第二驱动元件可以固定或固定不动，而第二或第一驱动元件可以相对于第一或第二驱动元件旋转。相对运动，例如第一驱动元件相对于第二驱动元件的旋转运动，反之亦然，可以被引入，这是例如通过将电动机械的力通过其产生和作用于第一和第二驱动元件。
在进一步的实施例中，驱动构件设计为电机，其带有第一和第二驱动元件，如转子和定子。更好的是，第一驱动元件按转子来实现，第二驱动元件按定子来实现。通过提供各自的电能，两个驱动元件将相对于彼此开始旋转。在特定实现中，特别是当转换元件处于推进模式时，定子，作为第一驱动元件可以被固定或者不动，而处于矢量模式时，定子和转子两者被可旋转地支撑，并且可以沿相反方向绕共同轴线旋转。
在进一步更优的实施例中，转换元件被连接，更好的是刚性连接到第一驱动元件。
此外，转换元件选择性的连接到第一输出构件或者到固定的基础构件。依赖于是否转换元件连接或联接到第一输出构件或到固定的和不动的基础构件，各自的转换模式，也就是矢量模式或者推进模式被选择。典型的是，当连接或联接到第一输出构件时，转换元件处于矢量模式。如果连接或联接到基础构件，如车辆底盘或车身的组件，转换元件将处于推进模式。
由于转换元件和驱动构件的第一驱动元件的连接，转换功能可能完全嵌入到驱动构件本身。更好的是，转换功能包括电机定子选择性连接到固定的基础构件或者到第一输出构件。
此外，根据另一实施例，第二驱动元件可操作的连接到第二输出构件。以这种方式，依赖于转换元件的结构和所选模式，由驱动构件产生的扭矩可以被单方向传递到第一和第二输出构件或者其可以沿相对方向传递到第一和第二输出构件，因此是相反方向。
在实施例中，其中转换元件连接或联接到第一驱动元件，同时第一驱动元件选择性的可连接到第一输出构件或者借助于转换元件连到固定的基础构件。以这种方式，转换元件提供第一驱动元件的选择性的锁定。
在另一种进一步更优的实施例中，在转换元件与第一输出构件之间的可分离连接通过被可旋转地连接到第一输出构件的连接元件来提供。更优的是，连接元件直接并且刚性连接到第一输出构件，如车轮的驱动轴。在典型实施例中，连接元件径向延伸到可旋转的第一输出构件。更优的是，连接元件包括像法兰的结构。
它可以进一步与转换元件摩擦或确实接合，转换元件又适合于经过连接元件在第一驱动元件和第一输出构件之间传递扭矩。转换元件和连接元件的可分离连接或者联接可以包括像离合器的结构，其允许接合和分离转换元件和连接元件，即使所述组件以不同的角速度旋转。
根据本发明另一个更优的实施例，第一和第二输出构件还有驱动构件可操作地连接到差动齿轮。借助于差动器，附加的扭矩可以传递到第一和第二输出构件。此外，借助于差动齿轮，第一和第二输出构件机械连接。在更优的实施例中，驱动构件直接连接到第一输出构件，并经过差动齿轮进一步连接到第二输出构件。
在进一步的实施例中，差动齿轮设计成包括外环齿轮的行星齿轮差动器，该外环齿轮可操作的与第二驱动元件相连接。
在典型的实现中，第二驱动元件不直接联接或连接到行星齿轮差动器的外环齿轮。为了提供足够的扭矩，第二驱动元件和外环齿轮可以借助于传动齿轮机械连接。此外，在连接元件和第一输出构件之间的连接也可以包括传动齿轮。
此外，第一输出构件可操作的连接到行星齿轮差动器的支架，第二输出构件可操作的连接到行星齿轮差动器的太阳齿轮。更优的是，第一输出构件直接连接到行星齿轮差动器的支架和/或第二输出构件直接连接到行星齿轮差动器的太阳齿轮。
行星齿轮差动器的支架可旋转的支撑多个行星齿轮，其与行星齿轮差动器的环形齿轮和太阳齿轮相啮合。
进一步的优点是，当行星的支架支撑至少两套或者甚至多套相邻布置的行星齿轮对时，其中内行星齿轮与太阳齿轮相啮合并进一步与外部行星齿轮相啮合。外部行星齿轮依次与行星齿轮差动器的内行星齿轮和环形齿轮相啮合。以这种方式，太阳齿轮和外环齿轮的相同方向的旋转被提供。
根据可替代实施例，差动齿轮被设计成锥齿轮差动器，其包括可操作连接到第二驱动元件的支架。
此外，驱动机构的第一和第二输出构件可操作的连接到相对布置的锥齿轮差动器的侧齿轮。锥齿轮差动器还包括至少一个，更优的是两个小齿轮，其可旋转的支撑在刚性连接到差动器支架的小齿轮轴上。
在另一方面，本发明提供包括发动机和电驱动构件的混合动力车辆。电驱动构件选择性可连接到驱动车辆轴的第一和第二驱动轴，其中混合动力车辆以如上面所述的驱动机构为特征。在典型实施例中，扭矩分配驱动机构的第一和第二输出构件被设计成车辆驱动轴的半轴，其中输入差动器连接到例如内燃机驱动的动力系统。
以这种方式，第一和第二输出构件被连接和联接到车辆的前和/或后轴的左和右轮。
在进一步额外的或者可替代的实施例中，其是可以想象到的连接第一和第二输出构件到车辆的前和后轴，以便选择性给车辆的前和后轴提供不均匀的扭矩分配。
附图说明
没有任何限制，本发明在下面将结合更优实施例并参考附图进行更详细的解释，其中：
图1示意性的描绘了转换元件在推进模式中的驱动机构的第一实施例的横截面视图；
图2显示根据图1的转换元件在矢量模式中的实施例；
图3表示转换元件在推进模式中的另一实施例的横截面草图；
图4显示根据图3的转换元件在矢量模式中的实施例。
具体实施方式
参考根据图1和图2的实施例，驱动机构10包括电机12，其有表示为第一驱动元件的定子14和表示为第二驱动元件的转子16。驱动机构10还包括行星齿轮差动器30，其具有太阳齿轮32和带有被可旋转支撑地的行星齿轮36、38、40、42的支架34。行星齿轮差动器30还有外环齿轮44，其径向与外部行星齿轮40、42相啮合。这些外部行星齿轮40、42与内部行星齿轮36、38相啮合，而该内部行星齿轮和太阳齿轮32相接合的。
此外，第一输出构件18直接连接或联接到行星支架34，第二输出构件20直接连接或联接到行星齿轮差动器30的太阳齿轮32。
在图1结构中的电机12的定子14借助于转换元件22机械接合或者连接到基部构件24。基部构件24是被旋转固定。基部构件24例如刚性联接或者连接到车辆的底盘或车身。
借助于转换元件22，电机12的定子14可以选择性的旋转锁定。这种锁定结构，其相应于图1中所示的推进模式。矢量模式，其中转换元件从基部构件24分开，并且其中转换元件22与连接元件26相接合，如图2所示。
连接元件26，示意性的表示为水平，基本上从第一输出构件18直线径向延伸。当定子14旋转运动时，连接构件26可以摩擦地或者确实地与转换元件22相接合，以便在后者和第一输出构件18之间传递。连接元件26和转换元件22的接合可以类似于像离合器的连接，因此允许接合和分离转换元件22和连接元件26，即使这两个组件以不同角速度旋转。
在推进模式中，如图1所描绘的，电机12的促动导致转子16的旋转运动。这个旋转传递到行星齿轮差动器30的环形齿轮44。典型的是，转子16和环形齿轮44的机械连接进一步包括传动齿轮，以给环形齿轮44提供足够扭矩。因为行星支架34旋转支撑径向相邻安装的行星齿轮组36、40和38、42，环形齿轮44的旋转运动传递到第一和第二输出构件18、20的旋转运动，其中第一和第二输出构件18、20的旋转方向是相同的。
因此，在通过促动电机12和使得转换元件处于推进模式中，由驱动件12产生的扭矩被单方向传递给第一和第二输出构件18、20两者。
在矢量模式中，如在图2中所描绘的，定子14可旋转的连接到第一输出构件18。现在，两个驱动构件，定子14和转子16自由旋转，因为转子16和定子14相对于彼此执行相对的旋转运动，所以第一和第二输出构件18、20也将按不同的方向旋转。因此，由驱动构件12产生的扭矩被相对的传递到第一和第二输出构件。
进一步可以设想的是差动齿轮30充当输入齿轮，以便驱动第一和第二输出构件18、20。在这种实施例中，在矢量模式中驱动构件12的促动可以例如导致在第一输出构件18处增加扭矩和在第二输出构件20处减少扭矩，或者反之亦然，其依赖于定子14和转子16的相对旋转运动。
由驱动构件12产生的扭矩因此可被看做偏移扭矩，其或者以正的或者以负的方向叠加到由输入差动器30提供和分配的扭矩上。
与图1和2的实施例相比较，在图3和4的实施例中，行星齿轮差动器由锥齿轮差动器50来替代。此处，转子16联接和连接到差动器支架52。第一输出构件18直接连接到侧齿轮54，第二输出构件直接连接到位于相对侧的侧齿轮56。
两个侧齿轮借助于小齿轮58、60相互连接，该小齿轮支撑在连接到差动器支架52的小齿轮轴上。利用锥齿轮差动器50的这个驱动机构100的功能可直接和根据图1和2的实施例相比较。在根据图3的推进或锁定模式中，电机12的促动导致差动器支架52的各自旋转。这依次传递给第一和第二输出构件18、20的相应的单方向旋转运动。
在如图3所示的这个推进模式中，由驱动构件12所提供的扭矩因此单方向传递给第一和第二输出构件18、20。
在矢量模式中，如图4所描绘的，作为第一驱动元件的定子14从基部构件24分离，并且借助于连接元件26可旋转的连接到输出构件18。在这个结构中，电机12的促动导致反方向传递扭矩给第一和第二输出构件18、20。
也在这个实施例中，锥齿轮差动器50可以用作输入差动器，以便给第一和第二输出构件18、20两者提供相等的扭矩，其可以通过非特殊说明的附加发动机来产生，如在混合动力车辆中的内燃机。
最后，如在图1-4中所示的驱动机构被指明，并且要用在混合动力车辆中，该混合动力车辆包括至少第一发动机，如内燃机类型，和第二发动机，如电动机。借助于驱动机构10、100，由电机12所提供的扭矩可以被选择性用于一般的推进目的或者用于扭矩矢量或者主动偏航目的。
参考序号列表
10驱动机构
12电机
14定子
16转子
18输出构件
20输出构件
22转换元件
24基部构件
26连接元件
30行星齿轮差动器
32太阳齿轮
34支架
36行星齿轮
38行星齿轮
40行星齿轮
42行星齿轮
44环形齿轮
50锥齿轮差动器
52差动器支架
54侧齿轮
56侧齿轮
58小齿轮
60小齿轮
100驱动机构

Claims (14)

1.一种用于给至少第一输出构件(18)和第二输出构件(20)传递扭矩的驱动机构，包括：
-扭矩生成驱动构件(12)，其可操作的连接到所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)；
-转换元件(22)，其可操作的连接到所述驱动构件(12)，用于以推进模式或者以矢量模式选择性的连接所述驱动构件(12)与所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)；
-其中在所述推进模式中，所述驱动构件(12)的扭矩被单方向引入到第一和第二输出构件(18、20)，其中在所述矢量模式中，所述驱动构件(12)的扭矩以相反的方向被引入到第一和第二输出构件(18、20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动机构，其中，所述驱动构件(12)包括第一和第二驱动元件(14、16)，其相对于彼此可旋转的被支撑。
3.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述驱动构件(12)被设计成电机，该电机具有所述第一驱动元件作为定子(14)和所述第二驱动元件作为转子(16)。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的驱动机构，其中，所述转换元件(22)连接到所述第一驱动元件(14)。
5.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述转换元件(22)选择性地可连接到所述第一输出构件(18)或者固定的基部构件(24)。
6.如前面权利要求2到5中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述第二驱动元件(16)可操作的连接到所述第二输出构件(20)。
7.如前面权利要求2到6中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述第一驱动元件(14)借助于所述转换元件(22)选择性可连接到所述第一输出构件(18)或者到所述固定的基部构件(24)。
8.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述转换元件(22)经过连接元件(26)可连接到所述第一输出构件(18)，该连接元件(26)可旋转的连接到所述第一输出构件(18)。
9.如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的驱动机构，其中，所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)和所述驱动构件(12)可操作的连接到差动齿轮(30；50)。
10.如权利要求9所述的驱动机构，其中，所述差动齿轮被设计成行星齿轮差动器(30)，其包括与所述第二驱动元件(16)可操作地连接的外环齿轮(44)。
11.如权利要求10所述的驱动机构，其中，所述第一输出构件(18)可操作的连接到所述行星齿轮差动器(30)的支架(34)，其中所述第二输出构件(20)可操作的连接到所述行星齿轮差动器(30)的太阳齿轮(32)。
12.如权利要求11所述的驱动机构，其中，所述差动齿轮被设计成锥齿轮差动器(50)，其包括可操作连接到所述第二驱动元件(16)的支架(52)。
13.如权利要求12所述的驱动机构，其中，所述第一和第二输出构件(18、20)可操作连接到所述锥齿轮差动器(50)的相对布置的侧齿轮(54、56)。
14.一种包括发动机和电驱动构件(12)的混合动力车辆，其中，所述电驱动构件(12)选择性的可连接到被驱动车辆轴的第一和第二驱动轴(18、20)，其特征在于，如前面权利要求中的任何一项所述的驱动机构(10；100)。
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