CN102338887B - Irregular-size space-variant grid tomography imaging statics correction method - Google Patents
Irregular-size space-variant grid tomography imaging statics correction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an irregular-size space-variant grid tomography imaging statics correction method in geophysical exploration. The method is characterized by: arranging different grid lengths along a horizontal direction during performing mesh generation; arranging novel nodes on four sides of the grid; performing equal layout on a same distance in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction; or carrying out the equal layout of the nodes on the each grid side in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction; initializing a model speed and performing ray path forward modeling; calculating a difference value between actual picked first break time and ray travelling time and the speed of an inversion model; completing imaging statics correction till inversion speed field is stable. By using the method of the invention, a near surface characteristic of an actual stratum can be better described; propagation rules of a first break wave on the near surface can be better reflected; forward and inversion precision of the speed model can be raised and a statics correction effect can be raised too.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration method, is a kind of irregular size space-variant grid tomography static correcting method.
Background technology
Static corrections processing mainly is to solve seismic event near surface medium variable effect hourage reflection wave stacking image problem in the seismic prospecting.Primary wave reflection near surface stratigraphic fluctuation utilizes primary wave to ask for the major technology means that static correction value becomes static correction.The near-surface model that utilizes the method for chromatography FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS can set up relatively accurately, can response speed change in length and breadth, chromatography method has obtained using widely and having obtained good effect in many complex area aborning in recent years.
Be applied to conventional the chromatography method rule-based and fixed measure grid all in the static correction at present, and suppose that the speed in the grid is constant, size of mesh opening can not space-variant.This condition restriction authenticity and the rationality of tomographic inversion model.Especially rise and fall or stratum when having pinching when the face of land and subsurface interface have, the equidimension regular grid can't the accurate description geologic body or the boundary position of body of velocity, and the geologic body that it is described or the border of body of velocity can only be stair-stepping.As the subdivision result of the conventional chromatography method of the grid among Fig. 1 to model, continuous black line is geologic body or the body of velocity interface of realistic model, the subdivision result the interface location place with have than mistake really.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of can accurately describe the interfacial configuration of geologic body or body of velocity, the time error of ray tracing, improves the irregular size space-variant grid tomography static correcting method of the precision of chromatography static correction inversion speed field.
The present invention realizes by following technological means:
1) acquiring seismic data carries out the mesh generation of horizontal direction and vertical direction after the processing, the horizontal direction grid node is horizontal direction meshes number+1, and described horizontal direction arranges different grid length;
Described horizontal direction arranges grid length and equals 1 times of track pitch in the violent position grid length of velocity variations, equals 2-4 times of track pitch in the inviolent position grid length of velocity variations, can be greater than 5 times of track pitches in model both sides grid length.
The mesh generation of described vertical direction calculates according to following formula:
Zij＝Ai+(B-Ai)*j/(N+1)，
In the formula: Ai physical points elevation makes up ground surface, and i is horizontal direction grid node index,
J is vertical direction grid node index,
Meshes number N,
Grid node j＜=N+1,
The bottom boundary B of model.
If known formation interface elevation, the j of vertical direction grid elevation Zij is a set-point that is not more than the vertical direction meshes number, overlaps with this interface.
Near ground surface, in the vertical direction, it is littler that the user can arrange mesh spacing, and in the model deep, the user can arrange mesh spacing more greatly.
2) on four limits of a grid, lay new node;
Lay new node and be in the horizontal direction or vertical direction, the distance between the adjacent node equates to lay, or:
In the horizontal direction or vertical direction, the node number on each grid limit is to equate to lay.
3) with the model velocity initialization;
Described model velocity initialization is with minimum speed and the gradient factor, calculates the speed of each grid,
Or with the maximal rate of correspondence at the bottom of the minimum speed of ground surface correspondence and the model, interpolation model midrange speed.
4) raypath is just drilled;
It is to search apart from the shot point ray of all nodes recently that coexists in the grid that described raypath is just being drilled, and is new focal point with these nodes again, searches and coexist other node raypath of a grid of these new focal points; Search new focal point to the raypath of short whilst on tour between the shot point;
5) calculate actual difference of picking up first break time and ray hourage, the speed of inverse model;
6) iteration 4) and 5), stable up to the velocity field of inverting, finish the imaging static correction.
The present invention adopts irregular size space-variant grid that model is dispersed can describe the near surface feature of actual formation better, can reflect better that primary wave at the propagation law of near surface, has improved rate pattern FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS precision and static correction effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional grid model subdivision result;
Use the regular grid subdivision, in the face of land and model layer at the interface, subdivision result and actually have than big difference.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is to the chromatography subdivision result of a model.
Embodiment
Specify example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention adopts following steps to realize:
1, model meshes subdivision:
Behind the data sampling, the coordinate range of all acceptance points and shot point is determined the length of model, carries out horizontal direction unequal-interval subdivision; As shown in Figure 2,100 meters of track pitches, on the model left side, 500 meters of horizontal direction mesh spacings are at model middle part, 100 meters of mesh spacings.In the vertical direction, determine a ground surface with the elevation of acceptance point and shot point, guarantee that the elevation of all acceptance points and shot point is all under this ground surface.Provide the bottom boundary elevation of model and the meshes number of vertical direction, linear interpolation goes out the height value of four angle points of intermediate mesh.
If known certain bed boundary elevation, vertical direction grid elevation Zij value can be set, and (i is horizontal direction grid node index, j is a set-point that is not more than vertical direction grid node number), overlap with this interface, adjust simultaneously among other Zij, guarantee that the Zij value from small to large in the vertical direction.
Near ground surface, in the vertical direction, it is littler that the user can arrange mesh spacing, and in the model deep, the user can arrange mesh spacing more greatly, as shown in Figure 2.
2, node is laid:
On four limits of a grid, lay new node.The invention provides two kinds of nodes and lay scheme.A) equidistantly lay: namely in horizontal direction or the vertical direction of each grid, between adjacent two nodes apart from the time equate; B) etc. number is laid: in each grid, in the horizontal direction or vertical direction, the number of node equates.In these two kinds of schemes, all the minimum node spacing can be set, as 0.25 meter, purpose is to reduce the node number, improves arithmetic speed.These nodes can only be passed in the path of ray when just drilling.
3, model velocity initialization:
Provide the minimum speed on the model face of land, provide the maximal rate at the bottom of the gradient factor or the model again, calculate the speed in each grid in the middle of the model; Or with the maximal rate of correspondence at the bottom of the minimum speed of ground surface correspondence and the model, interpolation model midrange speed.
4, the shortest raypath search:
Search is new focal point with these nodes apart from the shot point ray of all nodes recently that coexists in the grid again, searches and coexist other node raypath of a grid of these new focal points; Be as the criterion with minimum time, search for them to the raypath of short whilst on tour between the shot point, record this raypath ray length and hourage in each grid;
5, model inversion:
Calculate the difference of actual ray hourage of picking up first break time and search; Make up large-scale system of equations again, utilize this difference and the ray travel distance in grid to come the speed of inverse model; Upgrade model velocity.
6, iteration 4) and 5), stable up to the velocity field of inverting, handle obtaining imaging static correction result.
Claims (4)
1. irregular size space-variant grid tomography static correcting method, feature is to realize by following steps:
1) acquiring seismic data carries out the mesh generation of horizontal direction and vertical direction after the processing, the horizontal direction grid node is horizontal direction meshes number+1, and described horizontal direction arranges different grid length;
The mesh generation of described vertical direction calculates according to following formula:
Zij=Ai+(B-Ai)*j/(N+1)，
In the formula: Ai physical points elevation makes up ground surface, and i is horizontal direction grid node index, and j is the vertical direction grid node, meshes number N, if grid node j＜=N+1 is known formation interface elevation, j is a set-point that is not more than the vertical direction meshes number, overlaps with this interface; The bottom boundary B of model;
2) on four limits of a grid, lay new node;
Lay new node and be in the horizontal direction or vertical direction, the distance between the adjacent node equates to lay, or:
In the horizontal direction or vertical direction, the node number on each grid limit is to equate to lay;
3) with the model velocity initialization;
4) raypath is just drilled;
5) calculate actual difference of picking up first break time and ray hourage, the speed of inverse model;
6) iteration 4) and 5), stable up to the velocity field of inverting, finish the imaging static correction.
2. according to the method for claim 1, the described horizontal direction of step 1) arranges grid length and equals 1 times of track pitch in the violent position grid length of velocity variations, equal 2-4 times of track pitch in the inviolent position grid length of velocity variations, in model both sides grid length greater than 5 times of track pitches.
3. according to the method for claim 1, the described model velocity initialization of step 3) is with minimum speed and the gradient factor, calculates the speed of each grid;
Or, the maximal rate of correspondence at the bottom of the minimum speed of usefulness ground surface correspondence and the model, interpolation model midrange speed.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is to search apart from the shot point ray of all nodes recently that coexists in the grid that the described raypath of step 4) is just being drilled, be new focal point with these nodes again, search and coexist other node raypath of a grid of these new focal points; Search new focal point to the raypath of short whilst on tour between the shot point.
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| CN102937721B (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Limited frequency tomography method for utilizing preliminary wave travel time |
| CN103616722B (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | First-motion wave travel time picking method and device |
| CN104181593B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Three-dimensional ray-free tracing contraflexure wave tomographic imaging method and device |
| CN104459774B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-04-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Geological lithology difference identification method and system |
| CN106353810B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-10-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Geological lithology difference identification method and device |
| CN107783185B (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Chromatography static correction processing method and device |
| CN112036008B (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2024-06-25 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for recording inversion speed by using hybrid model |
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