CN102335754A - High-precision machining deformation control method for titanium alloy spherical shell - Google Patents
High-precision machining deformation control method for titanium alloy spherical shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN102335754A CN102335754A CN2011103083426A CN201110308342A CN102335754A CN 102335754 A CN102335754 A CN 102335754A CN 2011103083426 A CN2011103083426 A CN 2011103083426A CN 201110308342 A CN201110308342 A CN 201110308342A CN 102335754 A CN102335754 A CN 102335754A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision machining deformation control method for a titanium alloy spherical shell, which comprises the following steps of: performing rough machining, performing stress relief heat treatment for the first time, performing semi finish machining, performing stress relief heat treatment for the second time, and performing finish machining. During finish machining, a special anti-deformation tool is needed to be designed for the finish machining of a semispherical shell. By a processing technology of stage processing and repeated stress relief heat treatment, the problem that a titanium alloy is deformed in the machining forming process is well solved, yield is 100 percent, and quality meets a design requirement. The problem that a large-diameter thin-wall titanium alloy spherical shell is deformed in the machining process is solved, and production cost is saved; and a workpiece machined and formed by a forming method has ideal performance and size, the yield is 100 percent, and the method is suitable to be popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of non-ferrous metal process technology, particularly a kind of high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell.
Background technology
Titanium alloy is a kind of new structural material, and it has the excellent comprehensive performance, and is little like density, specific strength and higher than fracture toughness, and fatigue strength and crack extended capability are good, and low-temperature flexibility is good, and etch resistant properties is excellent
[1]Therefore, it has obtained increasing application in industries such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, chemical industry and shipbuildings.The research of China's marine titanium alloy and application originate in the sixties in last century, in decades, have formed more complete marine titanium alloy series, can satisfy other requirement of different intensity scale of surface ship, underwater submarine and bathyscaph and be applicable to its different parts
[2]
This major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell structure is special, and requirement on machining accuracy is high.Titanium alloy elastic modulus and thermal conductivity factor are all lower, and distortion back bounce situations is more serious, and these all make the difficulty of titanium alloy machining distortion control increase.During this type of major diameter wall ratio workpiece of machined, conventional method all is to be installed to be machined directly to the position after accomplishing.Such process can make workpiece deformation because adding the stress remnants in man-hour; And the workpiece strain that lathe tool extruding workpiece produces in the working angles also can cause final machining deformation; Thereby be difficult to satisfy machining technique requirements such as proper sphere degree and wall thickness difference, cause yield rate to reduce.According to statistics, according to traditional machine-tooled method, the machined finished product rate of such major diameter wall ratio workpiece has only about 65%.Large diameter thin wall titanium alloy spherical shell diameter among the present invention reaches 500mm; But wall thickness has only 9mm; The whole tolerance of spherical shell that this titanium alloy spherical shell requires to accomplish processing in machined must not surpass 0.5% of nominal radius, and wall thickness difference is no more than 0.3mm, and difficulty of processing is very big.And the control deformation method that is provided among the present invention can make the type workpiece quality reach and be superior to the requirement on machining accuracy that the side of design proposes; And the processed finished products rate to workpiece of the same type has reached 100%, this high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion can be widely used in the naval vessel with gas cylinder, aviation with on the high accuracy pressure-resistive products such as gas cylinder and withstand voltage spherical shell.
Titanium alloy because have corrosion resistance excellent, attractive in appearance, light weight, advantage such as thermal coefficient of expansion is low, thermal insulation is good, become the most competitive metal material in national defense construction field
[3]In recent years, along with the continuous enhancing of china's overall national strength, the use amount of titanium alloy grows with each passing day.Titanium alloy receives the favor of more and more industries, and is also increasingly high to the requirement on machining accuracy of titanium alloy member.Therefore, be necessary to exist in the titanium alloy precision machined shaping process the Deformation control problem study, promote it in the more effect of all trades and professions performances, satisfy the China's national defense construction and the development of the national economy demand growing to titanium alloy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of titanium alloy spherical shell; Through rational process for machining; Cooperate suitable cutter and cooling fluid, better controlled machining deformation in the machined moulding process of high accuracy pressure-resistive products such as the withstand voltage spherical shell of titanium alloy.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of a kind of titanium alloy spherical shell of the present invention, titanium alloy spherical shell is the major diameter wall ratio, process route is following:
One, roughing:
According to drawing, monolateral 2 ~ 5mm is arrived in the hemispherical Shell roughing that finishes punching press; In the whole machining process, the straight section facet of choosing equatorial portion is as benchmark; Roughing elder generation turning; Thicker during turning owing to the spherical shell wall thickness, so need not to use anti-deformation tool; In the roughing during spherical shell, outside on the spherical shell spot welding one cylinder as the frock that is installed, the diameter 200mm ~ 300mm of cylinder, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm; Use tool geometrical parameter to be during cutting: tool orthogonal rake γ
0Get 5 ° ~ 15 °, relief angle α
0>=15 °, tool cutting edge angle Kr and negative bias angle K ' r get 30 ° ~ 45 ° and 10 ° ~ 15 ° respectively, and cutting edge inclination λ s gets 3 ° ~ 5 °, adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, and temperature should be above 550 ℃ during the cutting of control titanium alloy; Because the poor heat resistance of high-speed steel; The cut titanium alloy should be from reducing cutting temperature and reducing bonding two aspects; Select that red hardness is good, bending strength is high for use, good heat conductivity, with the cutter material of titanium alloy compatibility difference; The cutter that preferred yg-type carbide is made, for example YG8, YG3, YG6X, YG6A, 813,643, YS2T and YD15 cutter etc.
Two, stress-removal heat treatment for the first time: annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
Stress-removal heat treatment is that workpiece is heated to proper temperature; Adopt different temperature retention times according to material with workpiece size; Slowly cool off then; Purpose is the metal inside tissue to be reached or near poised state, obtain favorable manufacturability can and serviceability, perhaps be further to quench to do the tissue preparation;
Spherical shell is after roughing is accomplished, and its top layer is in a kind of utmost point unsure state because there being residual stress, in case its planted agent's condition of balance on force is broken, the distribution of internal stress will change, thereby causes new distortion, influences machining accuracy.Even when the tensile stress value of nexine surpassed the fatigue strength limit of workpiece material, surface of the work can crack, and quickened the damage of workpiece;
In order to eliminate the structural stress that remains in interior, tackle this checking ball spherical shell and carry out stress relief annealing.Annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Three, semifinishing:
After for the first time stress relief annealing is accomplished, spherical shell is carried out semifinishing, be machined to monolateral 0.5 ~ 2mm, semi-finished frock that is installed is identical during with roughing;
Four, stress-removal heat treatment for the second time: in vacuum heat treatment furnace, carry out, annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
After semifinishing finishes; In vacuum annealing furnace, spherical shell is carried out the stress-removal annealing second time; To eliminate the residual stress that in semifinishing, produces, heat treating regime changes for the first time to some extent, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, carries out; Annealing time is 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
Five, fine finishining:
After the secondary stress relief annealing, will verify that the final fine finishining of ball puts in place, before the finish turning spherical outside surface; At plectane identical of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding with the spherical shell internal diameter as anti-deformation tool; Earlier outer spherical shell is finish-machined to the position, spherical shell puts in place in the processing at last, prepares required product.
This is because during fine finishining; Because the hemispherical Shell final size has only 9mm; Before the finish turning spherical outside surface; As anti-deformation tool, can prevent that cutter from producing crimp and causing machining distortion the big checking ball hemispherical Shell of wall thickness, diameter at plectane identical of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding with the spherical shell internal diameter.
During spherical shell, spot welding one cylinder is bigger in order to overcome the spherical shell diameter as the frock that is installed on the spherical shell outside, the technical problem that is difficult to clamping in the roughing.
Adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, because titanium alloy is easy to generate oxide skin in time more than 600 ℃, so temperature should be above 550 ℃ when cutting.
In the roughing during spherical shell, the cylinder of spot welding on the spherical shell outside, preferred drum diameter 200mm ~ 300mm, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm.
The major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell that this patent is alleged, its diameter are more than 300mm, and diameter is that wall thickness is more than 20 times.
Through adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Titanium alloy spherical shell method for controlling machining distortion of the present invention, through utilization processing and destressing heat treatment process repeatedly stage by stage, successful solution the problem on deformation of such titanium alloy workpiece in machined moulding process.(designing requirement tolerance 0～0.8mm), what wall thickness difference was minimum has been controlled at 0.1mm with interior (like Fig. 2) to the titanium alloy checking ball spherical shell average wall thickness difference that is processed, and has reached very high machining accuracy less than 0.2mm.Simultaneously; This invention has good directive function to the machine-tooled method of major diameter wall ratio workpiece of the same type; Adopt processing and repeatedly destressing heat treatment stage by stage; Effectively reduce the cutter extruding that causes because elasticity modulus of materials is low and heat radiation is slow and produced the factor that strain etc. influence machining accuracy, made the accurate machined shaping of titanium alloy major diameter wall ratio workpiece be achieved, reduced the difficulty and the workload of post-processed; Make simultaneously on general numerically controlled lathe, just to obtain such higher workpiece of machining accuracy, practiced thrift processing cost.The invention solves the mach problem on deformation of large diameter thin wall titanium alloy spherical shell, and practiced thrift production cost, played, gathered in the crops better economic and social benefit the mach directive significance of similar workpiece.
Simultaneously, the workpiece of this forming method machine-shaping can both reach desirable effect on performance and size, and yield rate 100% is suitable for extending to large-scale industrial production.The present invention successfully is used for the development of 4500 meters experimental verification ball spherical shell, φ 600 withstand voltage ball spherical shells and certain model aviation gas cylinders on the manned underwater vehicle, and is satisfactory for result, well solved the problem on deformation in the titanium alloy machined moulding process.Simultaneously, this invention has also promoted the development of China's titanium alloy deep processing industry technology, has promoted the application of China's titanium alloy in production practices.In 4500 meters bathyscaph projects, successfully processed withstand voltage spherical shell 1:1 simulation exemplar, yield rate has improved more than 40%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of titanium alloy hemispherical Shell sketch map.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With material TC4 stamping parts as blank machined internal diameter 600mm, the titanium alloy spherical shell of wall thickness 10mm.The requirement on machining accuracy wall thickness difference is ± 0.8m that the whole circularity tolerance of spherical shell must not be greater than 0.5% of nominal radius.
The machined scheme of this titanium alloy spherical shell is following:
1, the spherical shell of earlier punching press being accomplished is heat-treated 950 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 2 hours time;
2, to the line of stamping parts blank, provide the roughing surplus;
3, first roughing spherical outside surface, spherical outside surface processing put the back in place at the spherical outside surface welding tubular frock that is installed, drum diameter 250mm, length 150mm;
4, roughing Internal Spherical Surface;
5, destressing heat treatment, 780 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 4 hours time;
6, semifinishing, semifinishing is to monolateral surplus 0.8mm, and frock is identical with roughing Internal Spherical Surface frock;
7, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 2 hours time;
8, making and spherical shell be with the internal diameter plectane and be soldered to the spherical shell straight section, the outer spherical shell of fine finishining;
9, spherical shell in the fine finishining;
10, three-coordinates measuring machine detects each size of spherical shell.
Through three-dimensional inspection eventually, each size all satisfies the machined requirement.
Embodiment 2:
With material TC4 stamping parts as blank machined internal diameter 500mm, the withstand voltage spherical shell of the titanium alloy of wall thickness 9mm.The machined scheme of this titanium alloy spherical shell is following:
1, to the line of stamping parts blank, provides the roughing surplus;
2, first roughing spherical outside surface, spherical outside surface processing put the back in place at the spherical outside surface welding tubular frock that is installed, drum diameter 280mm, length 170mm;
3, roughing Internal Spherical Surface, roughing to inside and outside spherical shell 2mm surplus;
4, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 3 hours time;
5, semifinishing, semifinishing is to monolateral surplus 0.5mm, and frock is identical with roughing Internal Spherical Surface frock;
6, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 3 hours time;
7, making and spherical shell be with the internal diameter plectane and be soldered to the spherical shell straight section, the outer spherical shell of fine finishining;
8, spherical shell in the fine finishining;
9, three-coordinates measuring machine detects each size of spherical shell.
Through three-dimensional inspection eventually, each size all meets the demands, and also comes into operation in delivered design side.
Machine-shaping product of the present invention satisfies designing unit's designing requirement.
Claims (4)
1. the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of a titanium alloy spherical shell, titanium alloy spherical shell is the major diameter wall ratio, process route is following:
One, roughing:
According to drawing, monolateral 2 ~ 5mm is arrived in the hemispherical Shell roughing that finishes punching press; In the whole machining process, the straight section facet of choosing equatorial portion is as benchmark; Roughing elder generation turning; Thicker during turning owing to the spherical shell wall thickness, so need not to use anti-deformation tool; In the roughing during spherical shell, outside on the spherical shell spot welding one cylinder as the frock that is installed, the diameter 200mm ~ 300mm of cylinder, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm; Use tool geometrical parameter to be during cutting: tool orthogonal rake γ
0Get 5 ° ~ 15 °, relief angle α
0>=15 °, tool cutting edge angle Kr and negative bias angle K ' r get 30 ° ~ 45 ° and 10 ° ~ 15 ° respectively, and cutting edge inclination λ s gets 3 ° ~ 5 °, adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, and temperature should be above 550 ℃ during the cutting of control titanium alloy; The cut titanium alloy selects that red hardness is good, bending strength is high for use, good heat conductivity, with the cutter material of titanium alloy compatibility difference;
Two, stress-removal heat treatment for the first time: annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Three, semifinishing:
After for the first time stress relief annealing is accomplished, spherical shell is carried out semifinishing, be machined to monolateral 0.5 ~ 2mm, semi-finished frock that is installed is identical during with roughing;
Four, stress-removal heat treatment for the second time: in vacuum heat treatment furnace, carry out, annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Five, fine finishining:
After the secondary stress relief annealing, will verify that the final fine finishining of ball puts in place, before the finish turning spherical outside surface; At plectane identical of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding with the spherical shell internal diameter as anti-deformation tool; Earlier outer spherical shell is finish-machined to the position, spherical shell puts in place in the processing at last, prepares required product.
2. according to the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of the said titanium alloy spherical shell of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described red hardness is good, bending strength is high, good heat conductivity, with the cutter material of titanium alloy compatibility difference be the cutter that yg-type carbide is made.
3. according to the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of the said titanium alloy spherical shell of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutter material is YG8, YG3, YG6X, YG6A, 813,643, YS2T and YD15 cutter.
4. according to the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of the said titanium alloy spherical shell of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the frock drum diameter 200mm ~ 300mm that is installed in the described roughing during spherical shell, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm.
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| CN103551816A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-05 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Processing method for controlling processing deformation of titanium-aluminum alloy thin-wall case |
| CN104259693A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-01-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Assembly tool of pressure resistant structure of deep sea spherical shell and forming method thereof |
| CN105127684A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-09 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Machining process of spherical shell of spherical sensor for space electric field detection |
| CN105195897A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Titanium alloy solid phase connection process |
| CN106425321A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-02-22 | 北京动力机械研究所 | Method for controlling deformation of small diameter thin-walled special-shaped rotating part |
| CN106903487A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-30 | 西安北方光电科技防务有限公司 | A kind of method and its fixture for the processing of foot piece part |
| CN107066728A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of titanium alloy submersible pressurized spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity evaluation method |
| CN107214477A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-29 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | A kind of compressor disc processing method |
| WO2017218837A1 (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Ducommun Aerostructures, Inc. | Vacuum forming method |
| CN107615014A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-01-19 | 冈本硝子株式会社 | Pressure-resistant glass marble |
| CN109520818A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-26 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | A kind of high polymer bonding explosive test method and test tool |
| CN109604957A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | A kind of processing method of the open thin-wall titanium alloy part of high-precision configuration |
| CN112246915A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Titanium alloy hemispherical shell shape correction device and shape correction method thereof |
| CN113319535A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Cavity machining method of spherical energy storage cavity pulse compressor |
| CN113352060A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-07 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Method for improving deformation of titanium attachment plate |
| CN113601108A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-05 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Processing method of double-sided large-opening variable-thickness titanium alloy thin-wall shell |
| CN114227149A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | High-precision machining tool and machining method for titanium alloy hemispherical assembly and welding piece |
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| CN104259693B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | The assembly tooling of deep-sea spherical shell pressure-resistance structure and forming method |
| CN104259693A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-01-07 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | Assembly tool of pressure resistant structure of deep sea spherical shell and forming method thereof |
| CN105127684B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2018-09-14 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | A kind of spherical sensors spherical shell processing technology for space electric field detection |
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| US11359863B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2022-06-14 | Ducommun Aerostructures, Inc. | Vacuum forming method |
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| CN106903487A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-30 | 西安北方光电科技防务有限公司 | A kind of method and its fixture for the processing of foot piece part |
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| CN107066728A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of titanium alloy submersible pressurized spherical shell ultimate bearing capacity evaluation method |
| CN107214477A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-29 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | A kind of compressor disc processing method |
| CN109604957A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空精密机械研究所 | A kind of processing method of the open thin-wall titanium alloy part of high-precision configuration |
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| CN112246915B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-01-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Titanium alloy hemispherical shell shape correction device and shape correction method thereof |
| CN112246915A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Titanium alloy hemispherical shell shape correction device and shape correction method thereof |
| CN113319535A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-08-31 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Cavity machining method of spherical energy storage cavity pulse compressor |
| CN113601108A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-11-05 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Processing method of double-sided large-opening variable-thickness titanium alloy thin-wall shell |
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