CN102335754B - High-precision machining deformation control method for titanium alloy spherical shell - Google Patents
High-precision machining deformation control method for titanium alloy spherical shell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-precision machining deformation control method for a titanium alloy spherical shell, which comprises the following steps of: performing rough machining, performing stress relief heat treatment for the first time, performing semi finish machining, performing stress relief heat treatment for the second time, and performing finish machining. During finish machining, a special anti-deformation tool is needed to be designed for the finish machining of a semispherical shell. By a processing technology of stage processing and repeated stress relief heat treatment, the problem that a titanium alloy is deformed in the machining forming process is well solved, yield is 100 percent, and quality meets a design requirement. The problem that a large-diameter thin-wall titanium alloy spherical shell is deformed in the machining process is solved, and production cost is saved; and a workpiece machined and formed by a forming method has ideal performance and size, the yield is 100 percent, and the method is suitable to be popularized to large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of non-ferrous metals processing technology, particularly a kind of high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell.
Background technology
Titanium alloy is a kind of new structural material, and it has excellent combination property, and is as little in density, specific strength and higher than fracture toughness, and fatigue strength and resistance to crack extension ability are good, and low-temperature flexibility is good, and etch resistant properties is excellent
[1]Therefore, it has obtained increasing application in industries such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, chemical industry and shipbuildings.The research of China's marine titanium alloy and application originate in the sixties in last century, in decades, have formed more complete marine titanium alloy series, can satisfy other requirement of different intensity scale of surface ship, underwater submarine and bathyscaph and be applicable to its different parts
[2]
This major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell structure is special, and requirement on machining accuracy is high.Titanium alloy elastic modulus and thermal conductivity factor are all lower, and after distortion, bounce situations is more serious, and these all make the difficulty that the titanium alloy machining distortion is controlled increase.During this type of major diameter wall ratio workpiece of machined, conventional method is all to be installed to be machined directly to the position after completing.Such process can make workpiece deformation because adding the stress remnants in man-hour, and the workpiece strain that in working angles, lathe tool extruding workpiece produces also can cause final machining deformation, thereby be difficult to satisfy the machining technique requirements such as proper sphere degree and Wall-Thickness Difference, cause yield rate to reduce.According to statistics, according to traditional machine-tooled method, the machined finished product rate of such major diameter wall ratio workpiece only has 65% left and right.Large diameter thin wall titanium alloy spherical shell diameter in the present invention reaches 500mm, but wall thickness only has 9mm, the whole tolerance of spherical shell that this titanium alloy spherical shell requires to complete processing in machined must not surpass 0.5% of nominal radius, and Wall-Thickness Difference is no more than 0.3mm, and difficulty of processing is very large.And the control deformation method that provides in the present invention can make the type workpiece quality reach and be better than the requirement on machining accuracy that the side of design proposes, and the processed finished products rate to workpiece of the same type has reached 100%, and this high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion can be widely used in the naval vessel and use on the high accuracy pressure-resistive products such as gas cylinder and withstand voltage spherical shell with gas cylinder, aviation.
Titanium alloy due to have corrosion resistance excellent, attractive in appearance, light weight, the advantage such as thermal coefficient of expansion is low, thermal insulation is good, become the most competitive metal material in national defense construction field
[3]In recent years, along with the continuous enhancing of china's overall national strength, the use amount of titanium alloy grows with each passing day.Titanium alloy is subject to the favor of more and more industries, and is also more and more higher to the requirement on machining accuracy of titanium alloy member.Therefore, be necessary to exist in titanium alloy precision machined shaping process the Deformation control problem study, promote it in the more effect of all trades and professions performances, satisfy China's national defense construction and the development of the national economy demand growing to titanium alloy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of titanium alloy spherical shell, by rational process for machining, coordinate suitable cutter and cooling fluid, well controlled working distortion in the machined moulding process of the high accuracy pressure-resistive products such as the withstand voltage spherical shell of titanium alloy.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of a kind of titanium alloy spherical shell of the present invention, titanium alloy spherical shell is the major diameter wall ratio, process route is as follows:
One, roughing:
According to drawing, will finish the hemispherical Shell roughing of punching press to monolateral 2 ~ 5mm; In whole machining process, choose the straight section facet of equatorial portion as benchmark; The first turning of roughing; During turning because the spherical shell wall thickness is thicker, therefore need not to use anti-deformation tool; In roughing during spherical shell, outside on spherical shell spot welding one cylinder as the frock that is installed, the diameter 200mm ~ 300mm of cylinder, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm; Use tool geometrical parameter to be during cutting: tool orthogonal rake γ
0Get 5 ° ~ 15 °, relief angle α
0〉=15 °, tool cutting edge angle Kr and negative bias angle K ' r get respectively 30 ° ~ 45 ° and 10 ° ~ 15 °, and cutting edge inclination λ s gets 3 ° ~ 5 °, adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, and when controlling the cutting of titanium alloy, temperature should be over 550 ℃; Poor heat resistance due to high-speed steel, the machining titanium alloy should be from reducing cutting temperature and reducing two aspects that bond, select that red hardness is good, bending strength is high, good heat conductivity, the cutter material poor with the titanium alloy compatibility, the cutter that preferred yg-type carbide is made, such as YG8, YG3, YG6X, YG6A, 813,643, YS2T and YD15 cutter etc.
Two, stress-removal heat treatment for the first time: annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
Stress-removal heat treatment is that workpiece is heated to proper temperature, adopt different temperature retention times according to material with workpiece size, then carry out Slow cooling, purpose is the metal inside tissue to be reached or near poised state, obtaining good processing performance and serviceability, is perhaps further to quench to do the tissue preparation;
Spherical shell is after roughing is completed, and its top layer is in a kind of utmost point unsure state because there being residual stress, in case the equilibrium condition of its internal stress is broken, planted agent's force distribution will change, thereby causes new distortion, affects machining accuracy.Even when the tensile stress value of nexine surpassed the fatigue strength limit of workpiece material, surface of the work can crack, and accelerated the damage of workpiece;
In order to eliminate the structural stress that remains in inside workpiece, tackle this checking ball spherical shell and carry out stress relief annealing.Annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Three, semifinishing:
After stress relief annealing is completed for the first time, spherical shell is carried out semifinishing, be machined to monolateral 0.5 ~ 2mm, semi-finished frock that is installed is identical during with roughing;
Four, stress-removal heat treatment for the second time: carry out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, annealing time is about 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
After semifinishing finishes, in vacuum annealing furnace, spherical shell is carried out Stress relieving annealing for the second time, to eliminate the residual stress that produces in semifinishing, heat treating regime changes more to some extent, carry out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, annealing time is 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃.
Five, fine finishining:
After the secondary stress relief annealing, will verify that the final fine finishining of ball puts in place, before the finish turning spherical outside surface, at plectane identical with the spherical shell internal diameter of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding as anti-deformation tool, first outer spherical shell is finish-machined to the position, in processing, spherical shell puts in place at last, prepares required product.
This is during due to fine finishining, because the hemispherical Shell final size only has 9mm, before the finish turning spherical outside surface, as anti-deformation tool, can prevent that cutter from producing crimp and causing machining distortion the large checking ball hemispherical Shell of wall thickness, diameter at plectane identical with the spherical shell internal diameter of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding.
During the interior spherical shell of roughing, on spherical shell, spot welding one cylinder as the frock that is installed, is larger in order to overcome the spherical shell diameter outside, the technical problem that is difficult to clamping.
Adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, because titanium alloy easily produces oxide skin in time more than 600 ℃, therefore when cutting, temperature should be over 550 ℃.
In roughing during spherical shell, the cylinder of spot welding on spherical shell outside, preferred drum diameter 200mm ~ 300mm, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm.
The major diameter wall ratio titanium alloy spherical shell that this patent is alleged, its diameter are more than 300mm, and diameter is that wall thickness is more than 20 times.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Titanium alloy spherical shell method for controlling machining distortion of the present invention, by using processing and repeatedly destressing heat treatment process stage by stage, successful solution the problem on deformation of such titanium alloy workpiece in machined moulding process.The titanium alloy that processes checking ball spherical shell average wall thickness is poor less than 0.2mm(designing requirement tolerance 0～0.8mm), the Wall-Thickness Difference minimum be controlled at 0.1mm with interior (as Fig. 2), reached very high machining accuracy.simultaneously, this invention has good directive function to the machine-tooled method of major diameter wall ratio workpiece of the same type, adopt processing and repeatedly destressing heat treatment stage by stage, effectively reduced because the cutter extruding generation strain that elasticity modulus of materials is low and heat radiation causes slowly etc. affects the factor of machining accuracy, make the accurate machined shaping of titanium alloy major diameter wall ratio workpiece be achieved, difficulty and the workload of post-processed have been reduced, make simultaneously and just can obtain such higher workpiece of machining accuracy on general numerically controlled lathe, saved processing cost.The invention solves the mach problem on deformation of large diameter thin wall titanium alloy spherical shell, and saved production cost, played the mach directive significance of identical jobs, gathered in the crops economic and social profit preferably.
Simultaneously, the workpiece of this forming method machine-shaping can reach desirable effect on performance and size, and yield rate 100% is suitable for extending to large-scale industrial production.The present invention successfully is used for the development of the experimental verification ball spherical shell on 4500 meters manned underwater vehicles, φ 600 is withstand voltage ball spherical shell and certain model aviation gas cylinder, and is satisfactory for result, well solved the problem on deformation in titanium alloy machined moulding process.Simultaneously, this invention has also promoted the development of China's titanium alloy deep processing industry technology, has promoted the application of China's titanium alloy in production practices.In 4500 meters bathyscaph projects, successfully processed withstand voltage spherical shell 1:1 simulation exemplar, yield rate has improved more than 40%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of titanium alloy hemispherical Shell schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Process internal diameter 600mm, the titanium alloy spherical shell of wall thickness 10mm with material TC4 stamping parts as blank machine.The requirement on machining accuracy Wall-Thickness Difference is ± 0.8m that the whole circularity tolerance of spherical shell must not be greater than 0.5% of nominal radius.
The machined scheme of this titanium alloy spherical shell is as follows:
1, the spherical shell of first punching press being completed is heat-treated, 950 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, time 2 h;
2, to the line of stamping parts blank, provide the roughing surplus;
3, after first roughing spherical outside surface, convex spheroid machining put in place at the spherical outside surface welding tubular frock that is installed, drum diameter 250mm, length 150mm;
4, roughing Internal Spherical Surface;
5, destressing heat treatment, 780 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 4 hours time;
6, semifinishing, semifinishing is to monolateral surplus 0.8mm, and frock is identical with the roughing spherical surface fixture inside;
7, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, time 2 h;
8, making and spherical shell be with the internal diameter plectane and be soldered to the spherical shell straight section, the outer spherical shell of fine finishining;
9, spherical shell in fine finishining;
10, three-coordinates measuring machine detects each size of spherical shell.
Through three-dimensional inspection eventually, each size all satisfies the machined requirement.
Embodiment 2:
Process internal diameter 500mm, the withstand voltage spherical shell of the titanium alloy of wall thickness 9mm with material TC4 stamping parts as blank machine.The machined scheme of this titanium alloy spherical shell is as follows:
1, to the line of stamping parts blank, provide the roughing surplus;
2, after first roughing spherical outside surface, convex spheroid machining put in place at the spherical outside surface welding tubular frock that is installed, drum diameter 280mm, length 170mm;
3, roughing Internal Spherical Surface, roughing is to inside and outside spherical shell 2mm surplus;
4, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 3 hours time;
5, semifinishing, semifinishing is to monolateral surplus 0.5mm, and frock is identical with the roughing spherical surface fixture inside;
6, destressing heat treatment, 650 ℃ of heat treatment temperatures, 3 hours time;
7, making and spherical shell be with the internal diameter plectane and be soldered to the spherical shell straight section, the outer spherical shell of fine finishining;
8, spherical shell in fine finishining;
9, three-coordinates measuring machine detects each size of spherical shell.
Through three-dimensional inspection eventually, each size all meets the demands, and also comes into operation in delivered design side.
Machine-shaping product of the present invention satisfies designing unit's designing requirement.
Claims (3)
1. the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of a titanium alloy spherical shell, titanium alloy spherical shell is the major diameter wall ratio, process route is as follows:
One, roughing:
According to drawing, will finish the hemispherical Shell roughing of punching press to monolateral 2 ~ 5mm; In whole machining process, choose the straight section facet of equatorial portion as benchmark; The first turning of roughing; During turning because the spherical shell wall thickness is thicker, therefore need not to use anti-deformation tool; In roughing during spherical shell, outside on spherical shell spot welding one cylinder as the frock that is installed, the diameter 200mm ~ 300mm of cylinder, length is between 100mm ~ 200mm; Use tool geometrical parameter to be during cutting: tool orthogonal rake γ
0Get 5 ° ~ 15 °, relief angle α
0〉=15 °, tool cutting edge angle Kr and negative bias angle K ' r get respectively 30 ° ~ 45 ° and 10 ° ~ 15 °, and cutting edge inclination λ s gets 3 ° ~ 5 °, adopt lower cutting speed during cutting, and when controlling the cutting of titanium alloy, temperature should be over 550 ℃; The machining titanium alloy selects that red hardness is good, bending strength is high, good heat conductivity, the cutter material poor with the titanium alloy compatibility;
Two, stress-removal heat treatment for the first time: annealing is carried out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, and annealing time is 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Three, semifinishing:
After stress relief annealing is completed for the first time, spherical shell is carried out semifinishing, be machined to monolateral 0.5 ~ 2mm, semi-finished frock that is installed is identical during with roughing;
Four, stress-removal heat treatment for the second time: carry out in vacuum heat treatment furnace, annealing time is 2～4 hours, and annealing temperature is between 600 ℃ to 900 ℃;
Five, fine finishining:
After the secondary stress relief annealing, will verify that the final fine finishining of ball puts in place, before the finish turning spherical outside surface, at plectane identical with the spherical shell internal diameter of spherical shell Internal Spherical Surface straight section place's spot welding as anti-deformation tool, first outer spherical shell is finish-machined to the position, in processing, spherical shell puts in place at last, prepares required product.
2. the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of titanium alloy spherical shell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described red hardness is good, bending strength is high, good heat conductivity, with the poor cutter material of titanium alloy compatibility be the cutter that yg-type carbide is made.
3. the high accuracy method for controlling machining distortion of titanium alloy spherical shell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cutter material is YG8, YG3, YG6X, YG6A, 813,643, YS2T or YD15 cutter.
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| CN103551816B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | A kind of processing method controlling deformation of titanium-aluminum alloy thin-wall case |
| CN104259693B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-02-03 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七○二研究所 | The assembly tooling of deep-sea spherical shell pressure-resistance structure and forming method |
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| CN105195897A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Titanium alloy solid phase connection process |
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| CN112246915B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-01-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Titanium alloy hemispherical shell shape correction device and shape correction method thereof |
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| CN114227149A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | High-precision machining tool and machining method for titanium alloy hemispherical assembly and welding piece |
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