CN108342556B - High-alloy wire forming processing technology for piston ring - Google Patents
High-alloy wire forming processing technology for piston ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN108342556B CN108342556B CN201810152003.5A CN201810152003A CN108342556B CN 108342556 B CN108342556 B CN 108342556B CN 201810152003 A CN201810152003 A CN 201810152003A CN 108342556 B CN108342556 B CN 108342556B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a forming and processing technology of a high alloy wire for a piston ring, which comprises the following steps: 1. determining the diameter and the mechanical property of the feeding round wire according to the specification of a finished wire; 2. rolling and preforming through a rolling mill, and processing the round wire into a wire rod with a rectangular section; 3. carrying out solution treatment on the semi-finished product subjected to rolling preforming; 4. pulling and forming the semi-finished product subjected to the solution treatment to enable the semi-finished product to reach the size of a finished product; 5. performing stress relief solution treatment on the wire rod subjected to drawing forming, and adjusting the straightness of the wire rod; 6. and (5) carrying out aging treatment. According to the invention, through selection of the diameter and performance of the proper feeding round wire, proper rolling speed, determination of one-time rolling deformation and comprehensive heat treatment process of solution treatment and aging treatment, a martensite structure with excellent performance can be obtained, so that the piston ring wire rod has good processing performance, good high-temperature oxidation resistance, fatigue resistance and excellent corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wire forming process, in particular to a forming and processing process of a high-alloy wire for a piston ring.
Background
The high-temperature alloy material is mainly applied to the field of aerospace due to the excellent high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance, good hot corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, good fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties, and the finished wire material directly used for producing piston rings is not available in domestic markets at present. Due to high alloying of the high-temperature alloy, the internal structure of the alloy is complex, and the alloy is particularly sensitive to a hot working process, so that the work hardening is obvious in the rolling forming process, tool dies are easily worn in the processing process, the rolling precision is reduced, the surface quality of rolled wires is reduced, the service life of the tool dies is reduced, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the requirement of batch production of piston rings cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a forming and processing process of a high alloy wire for a piston ring, which has the advantages of fatigue resistance, radiation resistance, oxidation resistance, excellent corrosion resistance and good processability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forming and processing technology of a high alloy wire for a piston ring comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the diameter and the mechanical property of the feeding round wire according to the specification of a finished wire;
step two: rolling and preforming through a rolling mill, and processing the round wire into a wire rod with a rectangular section;
step three: carrying out solution treatment on the semi-finished product subjected to rolling preforming;
step four: carrying out drawing forming on the semi-finished product subjected to the solution treatment to enable the semi-finished product to reach the size of a finished product;
step five: performing stress relief solution treatment on the wire rod subjected to drawing forming, and adjusting the straightness of the wire rod;
step six: and then aging treatment is carried out, the hardness, the tensile strength and the elongation of the wire are adjusted to be suitable for rounding of the piston ring and processing treatment of a grinding machine, and the high-alloy wire for the piston ring is prepared.
According to the technical scheme, in the step one, the sectional area of the feeding round wire is 1.4-1.6 times of that of a finished wire rod, the hardness of the feeding round wire is 175-225 HV, the tensile strength is not less than 830MPa, and the elongation is not less than 50%.
According to the technical scheme, the thickness of the semi-finished wire rod which is rolled and preformed in the step two is 1.3-1.5 times of the thickness of the finished wire rod, the width of the semi-finished wire rod is 1.0-1.2 times of the width of the finished wire rod, and the feeding speed of the rolled and preformed wire rod is 10-15 m/min.
According to the technical scheme, the solid solution treatment process in the third step is the same as that in the fifth step, and the specific process comprises the following steps: the solution treatment temperature is 900-950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12-18 min, and the steel plate is cooled in quenching oil after the heat preservation is finished, wherein the temperature of the quenching oil is 50-75 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, the wire rod feeding speed is 8-10 m/min when the semi-finished product is subjected to drawing forming to obtain the finished product size in the fourth step.
According to the technical scheme, the aging treatment in the sixth step comprises two heat preservation steps, the temperature of the first heat preservation step is 700-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-33 min, then the temperature is reduced to 620-650 ℃, the second stage heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is 60-66 min, cooling is carried out in water after the heat preservation is finished, and the temperature of cooling water is 10-35 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, the material structure of the high-alloy wire subjected to the six-time aging treatment is a martensite structure consisting of phases of gamma ', gamma', delta and NbC.
According to the technical scheme, after the aging treatment in the sixth step, the hardness of the wire is 54-64 HR30N, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1100MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
According to the technical scheme, the raw material used by the high-alloy wire is GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy or GH4700 nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) the wire rod pre-forming method ensures that the wire rod is pre-formed by one-time rolling through proper selection of the diameter and the performance of the feeding round wire, eliminates the work hardening caused by one-time rolling through the solution treatment between two times, reduces the tensile strength, improves the elongation rate, reduces the loss of a processing tool during the second-time rolling, prolongs the service life of the tool, and simultaneously ensures good surface quality; then through a comprehensive heat treatment process of solid solution treatment and aging treatment after secondary drawing forming, a matrix structure composed of phases of gamma ', gamma', delta and NbC can be obtained, so that the mechanical property and the processing property required by subsequent processing of the piston ring are met, and the piston ring can be ensured to have good high-temperature oxidation resistance, fatigue resistance and excellent corrosion resistance;
(2) according to the invention, the diameter of the feeding round wire is 1.4-1.6 times of the sectional area of the finished product, and the round wire with lower hardness and tensile strength and larger elongation is selected, so that the processing performance of the high-alloy wire can be improved, the surface quality after one-time rolling is ensured by matching with a proper feeding speed, and the service life of the roller can be effectively prolonged; the wire rod is rolled and processed for one time until the thickness of the finished wire rod is 1.3-1.5 times and the width of the finished wire rod is 1.0-1.2 times, so that on one hand, the rolling deformation is ensured not to be too large, the roller is prevented from being seriously damaged, and on the other hand, the best deformation structure and surface quality can be obtained after rolling, thereby improving the subsequent solution treatment efficiency and shortening the treatment time;
(3) the wire material for the piston ring is selected from GH4169 or GH4700 nickel-based high-temperature alloy which is precipitation-strengthened nickel-based high-temperature alloy, so that the manufactured piston ring has excellent comprehensive performances of fatigue resistance, radiation resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, good processability and the like at the use temperature, the machining processes of rounding, grinding and the like of the wire material for the piston ring are facilitated, and the service life of the piston ring can be greatly prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rolling process of the present invention; in the figure: 1-finished wire.
Detailed Description
As can be seen from the process flow of FIG. 1, the high alloy wire for piston rings of the present invention has the following steps: selecting a round wire suitable for processing a high-quality high-temperature alloy piston ring in a high-temperature environment, wherein the sectional area of the round wire is 1.4-1.6 times, preferably 1.5 times that of a rectangular finished wire of the piston ring; secondly, rolling the round wire into a rectangular wire by using a rolling mill, so that the thickness of the rectangular wire is 1.3-1.5 times, preferably 1.4 times and the width of the rectangular wire is 1.0-1.2 times, preferably 1.1 times of the width of the finished wire, then carrying out solution treatment on the rectangular wire preformed by primary rolling, and then carrying out secondary rolling by using the same method, as shown in figure 2; finally, solid solution treatment is carried out to adjust the straightness, and the performance of the finished wire is adjusted through aging treatment so as to meet the requirements of subsequent machining procedures such as circle winding, grinding and the like.
The chemical compositions and wire diameters of different wire materials are different, and the corresponding heat treatment process parameters such as solution treatment, aging treatment and the like are also different, and the following detailed description is given in combination with specific examples.
Example 1
A forming and processing technology of a high alloy wire for a nickel-based alloy piston ring with the specification of 1.25mm x 3.5mm comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the diameter and the mechanical property of the round feed wire according to the specification of a finished wire, wherein the round feed wire is made of GH4169 nickel-based alloy:
(1) the specification of the finished wire rod is 1.25mm x 3.5mm, and the diameter of the selected feeding round wire is phi 2.95 mm;
(2) in order to better perform the next rolling preforming, the hardness of the feeding round wire is 196HV, the tensile strength is 831MPa, and the elongation is 53.5%;
step two: rolling the feed round wire with the diameter of 2.95mm into a rectangular wire with the specification of 1.65mm x 3.70mm by a rolling mill, wherein the feed speed of the round wire is 15 m/min;
step three: after the first rolling preforming, the hardness and tensile strength of a rectangular semi-finished wire are increased due to the action of work hardening, the elongation is reduced, if the rolling is continued without heat treatment, the abrasion of a tool is increased, and the surface quality of the wire is affected, so that the solution treatment is carried out on the rectangular wire subjected to rolling preforming in the working procedure to eliminate the adverse effect, the solution treatment temperature is 945 ℃, the heat preservation time is 16 minutes, then the rectangular wire is put into quenching oil for quenching treatment, and the quenching oil temperature is 70 ℃;
step four: the hardness of the rectangular wire subjected to the solution treatment in the third step is reduced, the tensile strength is reduced, the elongation is improved, and the drawing forming is continued to ensure that the finished product size is 1.25mm by 3.5mm, wherein the feeding speed of the rectangular wire is 10 m/min; the wear of the tool in the drawing process is reduced by the solution treatment, the service life of the tool is prolonged, and the surface quality of the wire can be improved;
step five: the characteristics of straightness, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, ductility and the like of the finished wire after drawing are not suitable for machining such as piston rounding, grinding and the like; therefore, after the finished product is drawn, the wire is subjected to stress solution treatment to adjust the straightness, the setting of the solution treatment is the same as that in the third step, the temperature of the solution treatment is 945 ℃, the heat preservation time is 16 minutes, and then the wire is put into quenching oil to be quenched, wherein the temperature of the quenching oil is 70 ℃;
step six: the hardness after the solution treatment is reduced, the tensile strength is reduced, the elongation is improved, the method cannot be used for subsequent machining processes of rounding, grinding and the like of a piston ring, and then aging treatment is carried out to adjust the characteristics, wherein the aging treatment process comprises the steps of firstly heating to 745 ℃, keeping the temperature for 33 minutes, then slowly cooling to 645 ℃, keeping the temperature for 66 minutes, and then putting into 30 ℃ water for cooling. Indexes of the aged wire are shown in example 1 in table 1, and the aged material meets the subsequent treatment requirements in all aspects of performance, namely, the subsequent machining processes such as rounding, grinding and the like can be carried out.
Example 2
A1.05 mm 2.10mm specification nickel base alloy piston ring uses the high alloy wire rod shaping processing technology, including the following step:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the diameter and the mechanical property of the feeding round wire according to the specification of a finished wire, wherein the feeding round wire is made of GH4700 nickel-based alloy:
(1) the specification of the finished wire rod is 1.05mm x 2.10mm, and the diameter of the selected feeding round wire is phi 2.05 mm;
(2) in order to better perform the next step of rolling and preforming, the hardness of the fed round wire is 192HV, the tensile strength is 838MPa, and the elongation is 52.3%;
step two: rolling the feed round wire with the diameter of 2.05mm into a rectangular wire with the specification of 1.25mm x 2.35mm by a rolling mill, wherein the feed speed of the round wire is 12 m/min;
step three: after the first rolling preforming, the hardness and tensile strength of a rectangular semi-finished wire are increased due to the action of work hardening, the elongation is reduced, if the rectangular semi-finished wire is continuously rolled without heat treatment, the abrasion of a tool is increased, and the surface quality of the wire is affected, so that the adverse effect is eliminated by carrying out solution treatment on the rectangular wire subjected to rolling preforming in the working procedure, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 920 ℃, the heat preservation time is 14 minutes, and then the rectangular wire is put into quenching oil for quenching treatment, and the quenching oil temperature is 60 ℃;
step four: the hardness of the rectangular wire subjected to the solution treatment in the third step is reduced, the tensile strength is reduced, the elongation is improved, and the drawing forming is continued to ensure that the finished product size is 1.05mm by 2.10mm, wherein the feeding speed of the rectangular wire is 8 m/min; the wear of the tool in the drawing process is reduced by the solution treatment, the service life of the tool is prolonged, and the surface quality of the wire can be improved;
step five: the characteristics of straightness, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, ductility and the like of the finished wire after drawing are not suitable for machining such as piston rounding, grinding and the like; therefore, after the finished product is drawn, the wire is subjected to stress solution treatment to adjust the straightness, the setting of the solution treatment is the same as that in the third step, the temperature of the solution treatment is 920 ℃, the heat preservation time is 14 minutes, and then the wire is put into quenching oil to be quenched, wherein the temperature of the quenching oil is 70 ℃;
step six: the hardness after the solution treatment is reduced, the tensile strength is reduced, the elongation is improved, the method cannot be used for subsequent machining processes of rounding, grinding and the like of a piston ring, and then aging treatment is carried out to adjust the characteristics, wherein the aging treatment process comprises the steps of firstly heating to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, then slowly cooling to 650 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60 minutes, and then putting into 35 ℃ water for cooling. Indexes of the aged wire are shown in example 2 in table 1, and the aged wire can meet the subsequent treatment requirements in all aspects of performance, namely, the subsequent machining processes such as rounding, grinding and the like can be carried out.
After aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the wire rod are measured as follows:
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of the finished wire measured in different examples
The solid solution treatment of the invention is to dissolve carbides and gamma 'in the matrix to obtain a uniform supersaturated solid solution, so that the carbides, gamma' and other strengthening phases with fine particles and uniform distribution can be precipitated again during aging, and the stress generated by cold and hot processing is eliminated, so that the alloy is recrystallized. Meanwhile, the solution treatment can also obtain proper grain size, and the grain size and uniformity of the material have obvious influence on the plasticity, toughness and strength of the high-temperature alloy material, the high-temperature creep resistance and the processing performance of the alloy. The invention adopts a comprehensive heat treatment process of a proper solution treatment process and an aging treatment process, and can effectively achieve the performance required by the piston ring by adjusting the grain size of the alloy.
The invention adopts GH4169 and precipitation strengthening type nickel-based high-temperature alloy, wherein the gamma 'phase in the alloy is the main strengthening phase of the alloy, and the quantity, the form and the distribution of the gamma' phase are decisive factors influencing the final performance of a piston ring. According to the invention, through carrying out solid solution treatment within the period of 900-950 ℃, the gamma 'phase gradually begins to dissolve along with the rise of the temperature, the grain size is increased, when the temperature is 945 ℃ plus or minus 5 ℃, the gamma' phase can be completely dissolved, the grain size growth trend is most obvious, the strength of the alloy can be obviously reduced, the plasticity is obviously improved, the subsequent machining treatment is convenient, and meanwhile, the manufactured piston ring can be ensured to have better high-temperature durability and creep resistance. The temperature is continuously increased, the grain size is not obviously grown, and the change trend of the strength and the plasticity of the alloy is gradually slowed down.
After the high-alloy wire is formed, the hardness and the strength are reduced after the solid solution treatment, the mechanical properties of later-stage rounding and grinding processing of the piston ring are achieved through subsequent aging treatment, the selection of the temperature of the aging treatment is critical, repeated experimental summary shows that the improvement of the mechanical properties of the high-alloy wire can be more beneficial when two-step heat preservation is adopted in the aging treatment, particularly when the aging treatment is carried out at 740-750 ℃, the gamma 'phase in the alloy is in a stable spherical shape, and after the aging treatment is carried out for more than 1 hour at 640-650 ℃ through a second step, the quantity of the gamma' phase is further increased and is distributed in the alloy in a spherical shape in a dispersing manner, so that the piston ring is ensured to have excellent oxidation resistance, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance under the high-temperature environment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high alloy wire rod forming processing technology for a piston ring is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the diameter and the mechanical property of the feeding round wire according to the specification of a finished wire;
step two: rolling and preforming through a rolling mill, and processing the round wire into a wire rod with a rectangular section;
step three: carrying out solution treatment on the semi-finished product subjected to rolling preforming;
step four: carrying out drawing forming on the semi-finished product subjected to the solution treatment to enable the semi-finished product to reach the size of a finished product;
step five: performing stress relief solution treatment on the wire rod subjected to drawing forming, and adjusting the straightness of the wire rod;
step six: then, carrying out aging treatment, and adjusting the hardness, tensile strength and elongation of the wire rod to be suitable for rounding of the piston ring and processing by a grinding machine to prepare the high-alloy wire rod for the piston ring;
in the step one, the sectional area of the feeding round wire is 1.4-1.6 times of that of a finished wire rod, the hardness of the feeding round wire is 175-225 HV, the tensile strength is not less than 830MPa, and the elongation is not less than 50%;
in the second step, the thickness of the semi-finished wire rod which is rolled and preformed is 1.3-1.5 times of the thickness of the finished wire rod, the width of the semi-finished wire rod is 1.0-1.2 times of the width of the finished wire rod, and the feeding speed of the rolled and preformed wire rod is 10-15 m/min;
the solid solution treatment process in the third step is the same as that in the fifth step, and the specific process comprises the following steps: the solution treatment temperature is 900-950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 12-18 min, and the steel plate is cooled in quenching oil after the heat preservation is finished, wherein the temperature of the quenching oil is 50-75 ℃;
the aging treatment comprises two heat preservation steps, wherein the temperature of the first heat preservation step is 700-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-33 min, then the temperature is reduced to 620-650 ℃, the second stage heat preservation is carried out, the heat preservation time is 60-66 min, the second stage heat preservation is carried out in water after the heat preservation is finished, and the temperature of cooling water is 10-35 ℃;
the raw material used by the high alloy wire is GH4169 nickel-based high-temperature alloy or GH4700 nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
2. The forming process of high alloy wire for piston rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the fourth step, when the semi-finished product is subjected to drawing forming to obtain the size of the finished product, the wire rod feeding speed is 8-10 m/min.
3. The forming process of high alloy wire for piston rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material structure of the high alloy wire after the hexa-aging treatment is a martensite structure consisting of gamma ', gamma', delta and NbC phases.
4. The forming process of high alloy wire for piston rings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hardness of the wire subjected to aging treatment in the sixth step is 54-64 HR30N, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1100MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 6%.
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| CN109321854A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-12 | 首都航天机械有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process improving precinct laser fusion forming GH4169 alloy cold plasticity |
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| CN110227735A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-13 | 安徽环新集团有限公司 | Grommet wire rod production line and production method for piston ring |
| CN110479790B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2020-12-08 | 上海群力紧固件制造有限公司 | Bar manufacturing process for fastener |
| CN113414246B (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-03-29 | 中航上大高温合金材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of regenerated GH4169 alloy cold-drawn bar |
| CN114959524B (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-05-30 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Solution heat treatment device and solution method for nickel-based alloy processing |
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| CN101117692A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2008-02-06 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | Non-magnetic high-strength stainless steel material and method for manufacturing the same |
| CN102312118A (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2012-01-11 | 北京科技大学 | Hot-working method for GH864 Waspaloy with accurately controlled structure |
| CN102719642A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2012-10-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Production process of high-strength high-toughness GH2132 rod/wire material |
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