CN102335620B - 一种制备卤化银光催化材料的电化学方法 - Google Patents

一种制备卤化银光催化材料的电化学方法 Download PDF

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CN102335620B
CN102335620B CN 201110190428 CN201110190428A CN102335620B CN 102335620 B CN102335620 B CN 102335620B CN 201110190428 CN201110190428 CN 201110190428 CN 201110190428 A CN201110190428 A CN 201110190428A CN 102335620 B CN102335620 B CN 102335620B
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CN102335620A (zh
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赵崇军
兰永焕
董建波
徐云龙
钱秀珍
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East China University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备(可见)光催化用的卤化银和卤化银复合光催化剂的方法。通过在含有不同卤盐(或氢卤酸),或者含卤素的季铵盐的水溶液中,采用银电极进行阳极电解,得到各种卤化银材料(氯化银、溴化银、碘化银);通过在含有不同卤盐(或氢卤酸)的水溶液中分散氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、聚吡咯、碳纳米管等功能性粉末材料,采用银电极进行阳极电解,得到各种卤化银复合材料。结合电解过程或电解后的超声作用,得到卤化银或卤化银复合材料的粉末。这些粉末材料具有良好的(可见)光催化降解有机物性能。该方法过程简单,易于控制和实现。

Description

一种制备卤化银光催化材料的电化学方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种卤化银和卤化银复合光催化材料的制备方法,具体涉及卤化银和卤化银复合材料在银电极表面的阳极电解合成、卤化银和卤化银复合材料从电极表面的脱离、卤化银和卤化银复合材料的回收等过程。
背景技术
众所周知,卤化银是一种很好的感光材料,广泛地应用于照相和电影等行业中。近年来,卤化银材料的光催化,特别是可见光催化性能吸引了众多研究者的目光。
催化材料,或者说催化剂材料的性能,在材料确定后,在很大程度上取决于其结构、颗粒尺寸等性质,而后者可以通过合成过程中的参数控制来实现,因此,合成方法和合成过程中的各个参数对于催化剂材料的性能具有重要的影响。
目前已有的制备卤化银或其复合材料的工作主要集中在利用AgNO3等作为Ag+离子的来源,与对应的卤离子反应形成的,另一方面,目前这些方法主要集中在湿化学法。
电化学是一种简单、方便的合成材料的有效方法,通过控制电压或电流,可以很好地对合成材料的尺寸,甚至是形貌进行很好的调控,然而,目前有关利用电化学法制备卤化银(可见)光催化材料的工作未见报道。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明采用电化学阳极电解的方法,以单独溶有不同卤盐(或氢卤酸)的水溶液作为电解液,或者以同时分散有氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、聚吡咯、碳纳米管的卤盐(或氢卤酸)的水溶液作为电解液,或者以同时溶有支持电解质盐和含卤素的季铵盐作为电解液,在银极表面合成卤化银或卤化银复合材料,在超声作用下,得到对应的催化剂粉末材料。
本发明的技术解决方案和步骤如下:
(1)分别选取卤盐(氯盐、溴盐或碘盐)或氢卤酸(盐酸或氢溴酸),或者选取含卤素的季铵盐并将其溶解在二次蒸馏水中,从而得到对应的卤素离子水溶液;将氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、聚吡咯、碳纳米管粉末加入到上述卤素离子的水溶液中,即可得到对应的含功能性材料的卤素离子水溶液;
(2)选用银片作为工作电极,银丝作为对电极,银/氯化银电极作为参比电极,选取(1)中水溶液作为电解液,采用三电极体系进行电解;
(3)卤化银从电极表面的脱落收集可以与电解同步进行(超声电解过程),也可以在电解结束后进行(电解后进行超声)。
(4)过滤并清洗卤化银或卤化银复合材料,干燥后,黑暗状态下保存待用。
本发明的制备方法简单,更容易控制,得到的卤化银和卤化银复合材料具有优异的(可见)催化活性。
附图说明
图1利用电化学方法制备的AgBr粉末对于甲基橙的光催化降解特性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
配置0.5M的KBr溶液,并将其作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解。其中电极电位控制在3.2V,电解结束后,将沉积有溴化银的银片置于盛有二次蒸馏水的烧杯中,放在超声清洗槽中,超声直至银片表面完全转变为银白色。取出银片,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的溴化银。称取0.09g溴化银粉末,加入到15ml的甲基橙溶液中,在可见光下进行辐照15分钟,甲基橙完全降解,重复10次,该催化剂仍然具有稳定的光催化降解性能,图1中给出了该催化剂降解甲基橙溶液10个循环的数据。
实施例2
配置2.0M的NaCl溶液,然后将氧化石墨烯分散到该溶液中,并将该复合溶液作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解。其中电极电位控制在3.0V,电解过程中同步施加超声。电解结束后,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的氯化银/氧化石墨烯复合材料,黑暗中保存待用。
实施例3
配置1.0M的KI溶液,然后将聚吡咯分散到该溶液中,并将该复合溶液作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解。其中电极电位控制在2.0V,电解过程中同步施加超声。电解结束后,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的碘化银/聚吡咯复合材料,黑暗干燥环境中保存待用。
实施例4
配置0.1M的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,然后将碳纳米管分散到该溶液中,并将该复合溶液作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解。其中电极电位控制在5.0V。电解结束后,将沉积有溴化银/碳纳米管的银片置于盛有二次蒸馏水的烧杯中,放在超声清洗槽中,超声直至银片表面完全转变为银白色。取出银片,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的溴化银/碳纳米管复合材料,黑暗中保存待用。
实施例5
配置0.2M的双辛基二甲基氯化铵,然后将还原石墨烯分散到该溶液中,并将该复合溶液作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解。其中电极电位控制在4.5V,电解过程中同步施加超声。电解结束后,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的溴化银/碳纳米管复合材料,黑暗中保存待用。
实施例6
配置1.5M的NaCl溶液,并将其作为电解液,分别以银片、银/氯化银、银丝作为工作电极、参比电极和对电极,进行电解,其中电极电位控制在1.0V,电解过程中同步施加超声。电解结束后,过滤、清洗并干燥得到的氯化银材料,黑暗中保存待用。

Claims (2)

1.一种制备卤化银复合材料的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)称量卤盐或氢卤酸或含卤离子的季铵盐,并将其在二次蒸馏水中溶解,从而得到对应的卤素离子的水溶液,其中,卤盐为氯化钠、氯化钾、溴化钠、溴化钾、碘化钠或碘化钾中的一种,氢卤酸为盐酸或氢溴酸中的一种,季铵盐为含有不同烷基链长的氯盐、溴盐或碘盐中的一种,水溶液中卤离子的浓度控制在0.1-2.0M;
(2)选用功能性粉末,并将其分散到(1)中的水溶液中,其中,功能性的粉末为氧化石墨烯、还原石墨烯、碳纳米管、聚吡咯中的一种;
(3)选用银片作为工作电极,银丝作为对电极,银/氯化银电极作为参比电极,并选用(2)中的水溶液作为电解液,进行电解,其中电解时电极电位控制在0.5-5.0V范围;
(4)电解结束后,取出工作电极,放入二次蒸馏水的容器中进行超声处理,直至表面的卤化银全部脱落进入水中;
将电解池放在超声装置中,在电解过程中,对工作电极进行超声,电解和超声同步进行;
(5)过滤并清洗制得的卤化银复合材料,干燥后,黑暗状态下保存待用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,卤化银为氯化银(AgCl)、溴化银(AgBr)和碘化银(AgI)中的一种。
CN 201110190428 2011-07-08 2011-07-08 一种制备卤化银光催化材料的电化学方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102335620B (zh)

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