CN1023305C - 生产热塑性聚合物型材的方法和设备 - Google Patents
生产热塑性聚合物型材的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用拉挤成型制造连续长纤维增强热塑性聚合物型材的方法。此方法包括,使浸渍了热塑性树脂的粗纱在成型之前压紧,以便形成坯布,坯布的粗纱基础纤维上浸渍了熔融态的热塑性树脂。粗纱在浸渍了热塑性树脂以后,通过矩形的加热平口模头,以便压紧,使熔融树脂渗入纤维之间,这样就制得了坯布。本方法适用于一般的热塑性聚合物但它也可制得用连续长纤维增强的新型聚氯乙烯型材。本发明还涉及用于制造该热塑性聚合物型材的平口模头。
Description
本发明涉及通过拉挤成型制造用连续长纤维增强的热塑性聚合物型材的方法。该方法包括,在浸渍了热塑性树脂的粗纱成型之前,将所述的粗纱压紧,以形成坯布,在其中粗纱的基础纤维上浸渍上熔融态的热塑性树脂。在浸渍了热塑性树脂以后,把粗纱通过矩形的加热平口模头,以便压紧粗纱,强行把熔融的树脂渗入纤维之间,这样就形成了坯布。这种方法一般适用于热塑性聚合物,但它同样也可以制得连续长纤维增强的新型聚氯乙烯型材。
按照一般方式,通过拉挤成型制造热塑性树脂型材是已知的。惯用的方法是,用树脂浸渍粗纱,然后将浸渍树脂的粗纱散乱地放入例如由空气或红外线加热的料道中,温度要足以保证聚合物熔融。在料道的出口,涂了树脂层的粗纱进入一个加热装置,使制品具有要实现的最终形状在该装置的出口处制品冷却。这种方法表现出严重的缺点:热塑性树脂很难均匀地熔融并分散在粗纱的中心。
许多连续的基础纤维合并构成了粗纱。在拉挤成型方法中,将多股粗纱浸渍,将其通过加热的通道,彼此任意地联接,形成了一个体积大的一些纤维束。辐射加热将很难使热塑性树脂在纤维束中心熔融和浸渍入基础纤维。缺少浸渍的均匀性,因此,没浸渍的纤维之间存有的空气将是最终制品机械性能产生缺陷的根源。当粗纱数量增多,或最终型材很大时这些现象就更为严重。
而且,注意到聚氯乙烯的性质的话,这样的方法不能制造连续长纤
维增强硬聚氯乙烯型材。在本发明的条件下,特别是在不含有增塑剂的情况下,只靠升温而不冒热降解的危险,聚氯乙烯的凝胶化是不可能得到的。凝胶化一般用混合工具来实施,这种工具能对材料造成凝胶化所必须的剪切。在已知的这种方法的条件下,基料的很不完全的凝胶化造成增强纤维涂层不足,导致质量不太好,甚至在型材拉伸时纤维发生断裂。
按照本发明的方法可用拉挤成型的技术来使粗纱成型,在尽量排除了包于纤维之间的空气之后,粗纱的基础纤维实际上完全被热塑性的树脂浸渍。本方法包括浸渍粗纱,这就是说,按照已知的技术,用热塑性树脂浸渍连续的纤维芯,把浸好的物料放入加热装置,为的是让热塑性树脂熔融,然后,在一个适当模头中热成型使型材具有其明显的最终形状,之后,热型材送入第二个冷模头。本方法的特征是对粗纱束压紧,这就是说,把用热塑性树脂浸渍的纤维芯整体压入加热装置中,这个装置包括一个平口模头,其扩大了的入口足够宽,使得能让初始体积的粗纱束通过,模头的厚度间隙是可变的,这使得在出口处引出的以坯布形式存在的浸渍过的整体在成型以前厚度最薄。
附图能详述本方法的特点。图1表示粗纱束R本身是由许多纤维F结合在一起构成的。
按照本发明的这些粗纱是处于它们合并为浸渍过热塑性树脂的纤维束之前。
纤维束通过扩大的入口1被引进图2中的模头,并且在可变的厚度间隙2内拉伸和压紧。在模头的出口处,由浸渍过熔融热塑性树脂的纤维组成的坯布3被引向已知的和已列举的成型装置。从图3来看,从间隙截面的形状为矩形的平口模头出来的坯布表现为相互紧密压实的粗纱形式,它们的基础纤维浸渍了热塑性树脂。这种规则的浸渍情况是由紧压作用一方面增加了热交换面,另一方面最大限度减少了存于粗纱内部
和它们交接处的空气。很明显,矩形截面的间隙,在其出口处具有完全的直角平行六面体的几何形状。
在图2表示的接合角α相当于外表面和模头间隙的水平部分之间入口区的斜率,它使得确保表面聚合物的逐步熔融,这样就起着润滑剂的作用。
引入区的长度和接合角的数值都可以根据所考虑的聚合物和要引进的预浸渍粗纱数量的不同而变化。长度为35~50毫米,根据不同情况,角度为1~20°,似乎是特别合适。
模头的长度应该根据其操作温度而定,温度应低于热塑性聚合物的热降解温度,在所述模头出口处坯布中心的聚合物处于熔融态。
模头的间隙厚度是可调的,为的是能够制成有不同厚度的坯布,这些坯布将形成不同体积的型材。按照各种方法,只要能够改变这个间隙的间距,比如说用一种螺纹的系统或者还原弹簧组成的系统,能够合拢或分开模头相对两壁就能进行这种厚度调节。
按照本发明,用已知的技术浸渍粗纱,比如,在以细粉形式的热塑性聚合物流化床中展开粗纱;也可以将粗纱通过T形模头挤出,使粗纱上涂上一层聚合物;也可以用聚合物胶乳涂敷粗纱。正如已经指出的,粗纱是以由多股基础纤维组成的连续纤维芯的形式存在的。这些粗纱可以由矿物纤维或有机纤维构成,玻璃纤维,碳纤维和聚芳酰胺纤维通常最常用来进行塑料的增强。浸渍好的粗纱合并成束,送入如前面所述的加热模头中,使聚合物熔融。从模头中出来的坯布保持在使聚合物处于熔融态的温度下,然后送入成型模头,使之具有最终型材的形状。
第二个模头的温度应高到足以使聚合物完全处于流体状态,以便加工。并不排除,特别是在制造复杂或大型型材的情况下,可以让坯布在最终成型之前进行渐进的预成型。在成型模头的出口,型材通过一个冷却的定型器,其入口处的几何形状和成型模头出口的几何形状是一样的。
然后型材被带到一个拉伸台上,切割成预定的尺寸。
本发明的方法特别适合于拉挤由连续长纤维增强的热塑性树脂组成的各种形状的实心或空心型材。特别推荐的热塑性树脂可以从聚烯烃中选择:如高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、线型低密度聚乙烯、或是聚丙烯;乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物;聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚氯乙烯、聚酰胺6,11,12,6-6,6-10、聚酯、聚醚-聚酰胺嵌段共聚物、含氟聚合物、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚碳酸酯、热稳定的热塑性聚合物如聚醚醚酮、聚亚苯基硫醚、聚醚酰亚胺、聚苯醚、聚亚苯基醚或者还有它们的混合物,可能和一种共反应物加聚或缩聚得到的反应性功能热塑性低聚物。
本方法的另一个好处是制得新品种的产品:连续长纤维更具体地是玻璃长纤维增强的硬聚氯乙烯大截面型材。长纤维增强的小截面聚氯乙烯型材是已知的,但是,由于聚氯乙烯的性能造成的前边给出的原因,一直不能制造其增强纤维连续长度相当于型材长度的大截面型材。
按照本发明得到的型材表现出具有很大硬度的特点。此外,由具有棒状、带状或条状的这种型材能够切成不同长度的单元,其中增强纤维的长度是和该单元的长度相等的。这种经过一次熔融、切好的单元,通过挤塑、注压或压塑能够有利地加工而保存了纤维的最终长度。好处在于硬度、抗冲击、尺寸稳定性等性能和这些性能的高温保持率都有很大的增加。
以下实施例描述了本发明,但不作为限制。
实施例1
玻璃纤维粗纱由外面落纱,然后通过一个流化床浸上聚酰胺6(ORGASOL 1002 D)粉末。
在平口模头中进行聚合物的熔融,然后在保持280℃温度的加热预成型模头中进行10×4毫米型材的最终连续成型,然后送进保持22℃的
冷却模头。
为了做到这一点,熔融用的平口模头具有以下的几何尺寸:
长度:300毫米
宽度:100毫米
接合角:15°
送入区长度:35毫米
间隙:1毫米
模头出口厚度:0.45毫米
预成型模头和冷却模头在5毫米长的送入区上具有20°的接合角。
为了制造此型材,使用了24股2400特的牌号VETROTEX R 099 5122X1的粗纱。由流化床的粉末浸渍度保持稳定在体积含量46%的水平。
在浸渍前,玻璃纤维粗纱的体积约0.45×4.5毫米3。在浸渍以后,粗纱呈直径约8~10毫米的纤维束形。在出口处的拉伸速度为1米/分钟。
如此加工出的型材料硬度按照ASTM D 790标准的挠曲三点法进行测量。测量出弹性模量E和最大应力σ。
为了进行比较,把浸渍了聚酰胺6的粗纱束放在热风道中,使树脂在出口处在纤维束中心处于熔融状态,用直接成型的方法制造出同样的型材。
涂熔融聚酰胺6层的纤维整体被送入保持在280℃的成型模头中。
在出口处,型材料被牵拉到保持在22℃的冷却模头中。
得到的结果如下:
型材中玻璃 弯曲模量 最大应力
纤维的% E(109帕) σ(106帕)
(体积)
比较实验 54 34 665
按本发明
的实验 54 37 1007
实施例2
在实施例1的设备和方法的条件下,制造连续长玻璃纤维增强的聚氯乙烯型材,其截面为10×4毫米。本实施例中特定条件为:
聚氯乙烯粉末平均直径:100微米
浸渍聚氯乙烯的量:63.1%(体积)
平口模头温度:200℃
成型模头温度:190℃
冷却模头温度:15℃
熔融平口模头具有以下几何形状:
长度:200毫米
宽度:100毫米
接合角:1°
送入区长度:50毫米
间隙:1毫米
模头出口厚度:0.45毫米
在实施例1中比较实验的设备条件下,不能制造出具有合适的长纤维的型材。在中心部位粗纱束的凝胶化是不充分的。
热风道中温度的升高引起被浸渍的粗纱束周边热降解。
在这些条件下,最终型材的孔隙率很高,机械性能不太好甚至较差。
按照本发明制得的型材测得的结果如下,玻璃纤维的体积百分比为36.9:
弯曲模量E(109帕):25.2
最大应力σ(106帕):476
实施例3
在实施例1的设备和方法的条件下,由分子量为4000的聚酰胺11预聚物粉末制造截面为10×4毫米的型材。
粉末的颗粒度为80~200微米,用18股2400特的R 099 P103(VETROTEX)粗纱。
拉伸速度为0.5米/分。
在成型模头之前,在平口模头处,通过加热就地重新提高预聚物粘度,同时放出水。
本实施例的具体条件为:
浸渍聚酰胺11的量:57.4%(体积)
平口模头温度:270℃
成型模头温度:240℃
冷却模头温度:22℃
平口模头的几何形状如下:
长度:300毫米
宽度:100毫米
接合角:15°
送入区长度:35毫米
间隙:1毫米
模头出口厚度:0.45毫米
对于玻璃纤维的体积百分比为42.6的型材得出如下结果:
弯曲模量E(109帕):26.0
最大应力σ(106帕):450
Claims (5)
1、制造由连续长纤维增强的热塑性聚合物型材的方法,包括按照拉挤成型的技术用热塑性树脂浸渍纤维芯,把这种浸渍好的纤维芯放入加热装置,使树脂熔融,然后在适当的模头中进行型材的热成型,使得在把它放入第二冷模头之前使之具有明显的最终的形状,该方法特征在于,把浸渍好的纤维芯整体放入由平口模头构成的加热装置中压紧,模头入口处足够宽以使具有初始体积的被浸渍纤维芯得以通过,该模头间隙的厚度是可变的,这使得在出口处引出的以坯布形式存在的被浸渍的纤维芯整体在成型之前具有最小厚度。
2、按照权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,把浸渍好的纤维芯整体放入由其间隙在出口区具有基本上直角平行六面体几何形状的基本上为矩形截面的平口模头构成的加热装置中压紧,从而形成相应构形的坯布。
3、按照权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,通过采用1-20°相当于平口模头的外表面和间隙的水平部分之间的送入区斜率的接合角而保证树脂逐渐熔融。
4、按照权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维芯由矿物纤维或有机纤维芯构成,它们选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维或聚芳酰胺纤维。
5、用于制造由连续长纤维增强的热塑性聚合物型材的平口模头,在使纤维整体成型之前,通过拉挤熔融浸渍在连续长纤维芯上的热塑性树脂,其特征在于,该模头具有基本上矩形截面的可变厚度间隙,在出口区具有直角平行六面体形状,相当于外表面和间隙水平部分之间的送入区斜率的接合角为1~20°。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8702084 | 1987-02-18 | ||
FR8702084A FR2610864B1 (fr) | 1987-02-18 | 1987-02-18 | Procede de fabrication de profiles de polymere thermoplastique par pultrusion - appareillage - produits obtenus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN88100835A CN88100835A (zh) | 1988-08-31 |
CN1023305C true CN1023305C (zh) | 1993-12-29 |
Family
ID=9348047
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN88100835A Expired - Fee Related CN1023305C (zh) | 1987-02-18 | 1988-02-11 | 生产热塑性聚合物型材的方法和设备 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5084222A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0281447B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2634184B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR930000742B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1023305C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE65738T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1331910C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3863943D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK168327B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2023497B3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI95010C (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2610864B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT86780B (zh) |
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-
1987
- 1987-02-18 FR FR8702084A patent/FR2610864B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-01-21 CA CA000557049A patent/CA1331910C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-08 EP EP19880400287 patent/EP0281447B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-08 AT AT88400287T patent/ATE65738T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-08 DE DE8888400287T patent/DE3863943D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-08 ES ES88400287T patent/ES2023497B3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-11 CN CN88100835A patent/CN1023305C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-17 FI FI880750A patent/FI95010C/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1988-02-17 PT PT86780A patent/PT86780B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-17 DK DK081088A patent/DK168327B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-17 KR KR1019880001670A patent/KR930000742B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-18 JP JP63036443A patent/JP2634184B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1989
- 1989-06-20 US US07/371,690 patent/US5084222A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK81088A (da) | 1988-08-19 |
DK168327B1 (da) | 1994-03-14 |
FI95010B (fi) | 1995-08-31 |
EP0281447A1 (fr) | 1988-09-07 |
FI880750A (fi) | 1988-08-19 |
JPS63216732A (ja) | 1988-09-09 |
FR2610864A1 (fr) | 1988-08-19 |
PT86780A (pt) | 1989-02-28 |
FI95010C (fi) | 1995-12-11 |
ATE65738T1 (de) | 1991-08-15 |
DK81088D0 (da) | 1988-02-17 |
DE3863943D1 (de) | 1991-09-05 |
EP0281447B1 (fr) | 1991-07-31 |
US5084222A (en) | 1992-01-28 |
FR2610864B1 (fr) | 1989-06-16 |
FI880750A0 (fi) | 1988-02-17 |
ES2023497B3 (es) | 1992-01-16 |
PT86780B (pt) | 1993-08-31 |
CA1331910C (fr) | 1994-09-13 |
CN88100835A (zh) | 1988-08-31 |
KR930000742B1 (ko) | 1993-01-30 |
KR880009778A (ko) | 1988-10-05 |
JP2634184B2 (ja) | 1997-07-23 |
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