CN102326631A - Process for cold pressing tea seeds to produce oil - Google Patents
Process for cold pressing tea seeds to produce oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326631A CN102326631A CN 201010225425 CN201010225425A CN102326631A CN 102326631 A CN102326631 A CN 102326631A CN 201010225425 CN201010225425 CN 201010225425 CN 201010225425 A CN201010225425 A CN 201010225425A CN 102326631 A CN102326631 A CN 102326631A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an oil production process of tea seed oil, and particularly discloses a process for cold pressing tea seeds to produce oil, which comprises the steps such as clearing, low-temperature drying, grading, husking, separating nut and husk, smashing, refining with water, pressing and fine filtering. The steaming embryo procedure in the present cold pressing process is abandoned in the process, steaming and stir-frying in hot pressing process are also avoided, and no high temperature is produced during the entire processing procedure, so no phenomenon that grease is oxidized, polymerized and decomposed to produce peroxide and harmful substances occurs. At the same time, the present refining procedure is also abandoned by the process, so the intervention of chemical substances can be avoided, and nutrient contents and natural flavor of the grease can be effectively maintained. The measures such as grading and refining with water procedures are added in the process, so the oil yield is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil-producing technique of camellia seed oil, be specifically related to a kind of tea seed cold pressing oil technology.
Background technology
Tea oil tree is one of the world four big woody edible oil materials seeds; The oil tea whole body all is precious: tea oil is nutritious, cholesterol level is few, storage tolerance; Be rich in unrighted acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content up to more than 90%; The long-term edible effect that makes eye bright, is good for the stomach is a kind of woody edible oil of high-quality.
At present, the reparation technology of camellia seed oil has two kinds, and cold pressing reparation technology and high-temperature high-pressure press taking technique, promptly so-called cold press and hot moulding.
Wherein, said cold pressing reparation technology process is: the tea seed → dry → separation → fragmentation of peeling off → steaming base → squeezing → filtration → semi-refined → product oil.The main technique qualifying point is oven dry, steaming base, squeezing.Bake out temperature is controlled at about 60 ℃, and tea seed moisture is reduced to below 5%; Steam base and use the steamed base, temperature will reach 100 ℃; What squeezing was adopted is single-screw or double helix oil press; Carry out the semi-refined GB camellia seed oil standard that reaches after the smart filter.
Wherein, high-temperature high-pressure presses the taking technique process and is: tea seed → oven dry → pulverizing → strip plate → steaming stir-fry → squeezing → filtration → full refining → product oil.The main technique qualifying point is oven dry, steaming stir-fry, squeezing, refining.Oven dry reaches about 10% the tea seed water content, steams to fry and will guarantee press for extracting juice moisture about 3%, goes into to press temperature and reaches 110-120 ℃, and screw oil expeller is adopted in squeezing; Carry out full refining after the filtration.
By on can know; The temperature of steaming base in the present so-called cold pressing has still reached 100 ℃; The high temperature squeezing is owing to carried out steaming the heat treatment of frying to raw material in its process; Its pressing temperature height is to about 100-135 ℃, makes that grease is oxidized easily, polymerization, decomposition produce peroxide and some harmful substance, influences the natural quality of grease.Simultaneously, said refining process need use chemical substances such as solvent, acid, alkali, bleaching clay, and this has also further influenced the quality of grease.
Because simple grain tea seed volume does not wait from 0.3～2.5cm3, weight does not wait from 0.461～1.463g, differs bigger.Yet directly with the tea seed that all the vary in size separation (shell, benevolence separate) of pulverizing together, peel off, its separating effect is bad according to present processing technology, makes that to contain the camellia seed kernel ratio in the tea seed shell higher, and then influences oil yield.
, can not tea seed shell, camellia seed kernel be separated fully when (shell, benevolence are separated) in the separation of peeling off.At present, in order to improve oil yield, contain the ratio of camellia seed kernel in the tea seed shell of only considering to be peelled off in the tea seed process, the ratio that promptly contains benevolence in the shell is more little good more, and has nothing to do with the tea seed shell ratio that contains in the oiling tea seed kernel.
Yet the ratio of the tea seed shell that contains in the camellia seed kernel (containing shell in the benevolence) is low excessively, and the press for extracting juice thorax of oil press is gone into to press the material locking easily, and squeezing is difficult to carry out; Have, it is few in cake, to contain the shell amount, does not have skeleton again, and the bed of material is prone to be compacted, and solvent infiltration difficulty causes Residual oil height in the dregs of rice, and the wet dregs of rice contain molten high, and influence is leached and got oily efficient and solvent consumption.Simultaneously, the ratio of the tea seed shell that contains in the camellia seed kernel (containing shell in the benevolence) is too high, and hard shell and crusher press the friction aggravation of thorax, and going out crusher cake temperature will be above 60 ℃, and then influences oil quality.
Tea seed is after super-dry; Its water content is low; The protein particulate that contains in the tea seed during oil expression is embraced agglomerating being difficult for and is separated, and the lipid body that the tea seed kind contains is at the helical structure inner face and the starch tied up in knots of starch molecule; Constitute network structure and can stop flowing of oil, these factors have also influenced oil yield.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the invention is to provide a kind of oil yield and all high tea seed cold pressing oil technology of product oil quality.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is following:
A kind of tea seed cold pressing oil technology may further comprise the steps:
(1) the tea seed impurities in raw materials of extracting oil is removed, obtained pure tea seed;
(2) said pure tea seed being carried out low temperature drying handles;
(3) said tea seed through dried is fallen into three classes by its volume size, obtain the tea seed of large, medium and small grade;
(4) tea seed of said large, medium and small grade is peeled off respectively;
The tea seed of (5) said process being peeled off carries out shell, benevolence to be separated, and obtains tea seed shell and camellia seed kernel, and in said camellia seed kernel, still keeping weight ratio is 15～25% tea seed shell;
(6) camellia seed kernel of said band shell is pulverized, obtained particle diameter at 0.1～0.5 millimeter fine grained camellia seed kernel;
(7) in said fine grained camellia seed kernel, adding weight ratio is that 1～3% moisture carries out modified;
(8) camellia seed kernel after modified squeezes with said process, obtains the oil residue mixing compound;
(9) said oil residue mixing compound is filtered, obtain as clear as crystal tea-seed oil.
Preferably, the baking temperature that low temperature drying is handled in the said step (2) is less than 70 degrees centigrade.
Preferably, the machine that low temperature drying is adopted in the said step (2) is a plate dryer, and the interlayer heating steam pressure of said plate dryer is 0.2 MPa.
Preferably, the grade scale of tea seed is in the said step (3): diameter is little tea seed less than 1 centimetre tea seed, and diameter is middle tea seed at 1～2 centimetre tea seed, and diameter is big tea seed greater than 2 centimetres tea seed.
Preferably, keeping the weight ratio of tea seed shell in the camellia seed kernel that is separated in the said step (5) is 20%.
The weight ratio of the water that preferably, adds in the said step (7) is 1.5%.
Preferably, the squeezing mode in the said step (8) is the mode of high-frequency, little dynamics.
Preferably, the filter type in the said step (9) is: adopt airtight filter and bag type filtering machine to carry out twice filtration.
Preferably, the mode of removal impurity is in the said step (1): adopt two-layer vibratory sieve to vibrate removal of impurities.
The present invention has abandoned the steaming embryo operation in the existing cold pressing process; Also avoided the steaming in the hot moulding process to fry; Even drying course all is under relative low temperature, to carry out; Therefore, all there is not high temperature to produce in the whole machining process process of the present invention, the phenomenon that just can not occur certainly that grease is not oxidized, polymerization, decomposition produces peroxide and some harmful substance.The present invention has abandoned refining procedure simultaneously, promptly avoided the intervention of chemical substance, has effectively preserved this nutritional labeling in the grease and natural flavour mountaineous.
Among the present invention, tea seed is fallen into three classes by its volume size, to the separation of peeling off respectively of the tea seed of different order of magnitude, can make that containing the camellia seed kernel ratio in the tea seed shell reaches very low, oil yield has also obtained corresponding raising certainly.
Among the present invention, still keeping volume ratio in the camellia seed kernel is 15～25% tea seed shell, has both helped fuel-displacedly, and the friction aggravation of having avoided tea seed shell and crusher to press thorax produces the temperatures involved oil quality.
Among the present invention, pulverizing the camellia seed kernel of band shell not of uniform size is pulverized, is in order to make it have bigger surface area, helps that ensuing to add water modified.
Among the present invention, in the fine grained camellia seed kernel, adding volume ratio is 1～3% moisture, and bigger variation has taken place camellia seed kernel total after adding water.Protein is wherein combined closely with a large amount of hydrones, makes the volume of protein molecule increase, and the protein particulate that flocked together originally just has been separated from each other.Also contain more carbohydrate in the camellia seed kernel, wherein reduced sugar is about 3.6%, total reducing sugar is about 9.3%, starch is about 18.7%, crude fibre is about 3.9%, and cellulose is the structural polysaccharide of plant here, is the main component that constitutes their cell membranes.Though cellulose does not have water-soluble, hydrophily is arranged.Therefore remaining carbohydrate can both combine with water owing in the molecule a plurality of hydroxyls are arranged.What be worth explanation is starch, and the mixture that starch is made up of amylose and amylopectin, amylose have the coiled coil structure, and amylopectin is a branching molecule.The lipid body stirs tangle up at the helical structure inner face and the starch of starch molecule, and the network structure of formation can stop flowing of oil.After adding moisture, starch can be combined closely with water, and makes the coiled coil structural relaxation, equally also is the gathering of grease and mobile creating favorable conditions.Therefore, when adding water to when a certain amount of, can obviously see and fuel-displacedly separate.This variation helps the squeezing of grease and extrudes.
In sum, adopt technology squeezing tea seed of the present invention, the product oil quality that not only obtains is higher, and its oil yield has also obtained improving significantly.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is carried out schematic illustration, embodiment and related description are used for explaining the present invention, but not as to qualification of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment supplies to disclose a kind of tea seed cold pressing oil technology, may further comprise the steps:
(1) cleaning
Adopt two-layer shaker vibration with the tea seed big or small Impurity removal in the raw material that extracts oil, obtain pure tea seed; Wherein said big mixing mainly is the oil tea Pu (or claiming tea bag) of not splitting.Can certainly adopt other modes to remove impurity, as long as can Impurity removal be beneficial to follow-up operation and carry out, and the quality that improves product oil.
(2) low temperature drying
Adopt plate dryer that said pure tea seed is carried out low temperature drying and handle, control interlayer heating steam pressure is about 0.2MPa, and temperature is controlled in 70 ℃, and the tea seed that contains moisture about 8% further is dried to moisture about 5%.
(3) classification
The tea seed that will pass through dried falls into three classes by its volume size; Obtain the tea seed of large, medium and small grade; Its grade scale is: diameter is little tea seed less than 1 centimetre tea seed; Diameter is middle tea seed at 1～2 centimetre tea seed, and diameter is big tea seed greater than 2 centimetres tea seed.Peel off and shell, benevolence separate and create conditions for follow-up, classification can be adopted vibratory sieve equally.
(4) peel off
Adopt the impacting type pulverizer that the tea seed of large, medium and small grade is peeled off respectively, because the tea seed shell is thinner, and lower through dry moisture, be easy to fragmentation.
(5) the benevolence shell separates
The tea seed that said process is peeled off carries out shell, benevolence is separated, and obtains tea seed shell and camellia seed kernel, and in said camellia seed kernel, still keeping weight ratio is 15～25% tea seed shell.
The separation of benevolence shell mainly contains two leading indicators, promptly contains in the shell in the benevolence of Renhe and contains shell.Obviously, it is low more good more to contain benevolence in the shell, and this helps making full use of of raw material, improves oil yield and cake yield.Because, adopting hierarchical processing before, can rate of kernel in hull be reduced to about 0.3%.After production is stable, contains benevolence in the shell and almost can not detect.Contain shell in the benevolence and hope low more well more, but have 2 needs to consider that first shell-containing rate is low, the oil extruder thorax is gone into to press the material locking easily, causes smooth bore, and squeezing is difficult to carry out, even twin-screw oil mill is also like this, practice has proved this point.It two is that the solvent method of considered cake leaches and to get oil, and it is few in cake, to contain the shell amount, does not have skeleton, and the bed of material is prone to be compacted, and solvent infiltration difficulty causes in the dregs of rice Residual oil high, and the wet dregs of rice contain and dissolve highly, and influence is leached and got oily efficient and solvent consumption.And when containing shell in the benevolence when higher, because hard shell aggravates with the friction that crusher presses thorax, going out crusher cake temperature will be above 60 ℃.
Comprehensive above-mentioned 2 points through debugging repeatedly, have confirmed in said camellia seed kernel, still to keep the weight ratio of tea seed shell 15～25%.
(6) pulverize
The camellia seed kernel of said band shell is pulverized, obtained particle diameter at 0.1～0.5 millimeter fine grained camellia seed kernel; Adopt band tooth pair roller that it is pulverized once more, the purpose of pulverizing is with particle grain refined and homogenising not of uniform size, makes it have maximum surface area, and it is modified to help adding water.But can not fines content too big, therefore two space widths be advisable with 0.35mm
(7) it is modified to add water
In said fine grained camellia seed kernel, adding volume ratio and be 1～3% moisture carries out modified.
Water is the maximum molecule of polarity, and its dielectric constant is up to 80.36.Well-known protein molecule surface distributed various polar group, because these polar groups with the attraction between the hydrone, make protein combine closely with a large amount of hydrones.Directly be adsorbed on the hydrone of protein surface, the most firm with protein bound, often be called irreducible water or combine water, the water layer of protein molecule surface adsorption is called hydrated sheath.This moment, the volume of protein molecule increased, and the protein particulate of getting together is originally got very each other and opened.This just assembles for the grease of polarity very little (dielectric constant is 3.0～3.2) and the mobile condition of having created.Before address, also contain more carbohydrate in the camellia seed kernel, wherein reduced sugar is about 3.6%, total reducing sugar is about 9.3%, starch is about 18.7%, crude fibre is about 3.9%.Here cellulose is the structural polysaccharide of plant, is the main component that constitutes their cell membranes.Though cellulose does not have water-soluble, hydrophily is arranged.Therefore remaining carbohydrate can both combine with water owing in the molecule a plurality of hydroxyls are arranged.What be worth explanation is starch, and the mixture that starch is made up of amylose and amylopectin, amylose have the coiled coil structure, and amylopectin is a branching molecule.The lipid body stirs tangle up at the helical structure inner face and the starch of starch molecule, and the network structure of formation can stop flowing of oil.After adding moisture, starch can be combined closely with water, and makes the coiled coil structural relaxation, equally also is the gathering of grease and mobile creating favorable conditions.When adding water to when a certain amount of, can see obviously that oil-yielding stratum separates in the practice.It is like this to add the modified effect of water.Should bigger variation take place camellia seed kernel total after adding water, this variation helps the squeezing of grease and extrudes.Consider that pressing material should have certain plasticity and elasticity, amount of water generally is controlled at about the 1-3% of inventory.
(8) squeezing
Camellia seed kernel with said process after modified squeezes, and obtains the oil residue mixing compound.The squeezing mode is the mode of high-frequency, little dynamics, can guarantee like this with grease effectively squeezing come out, can also prevent because dynamics is excessive, cause in the expressing process local temperature too high, make Oxidation of Fat and Oils, influence the product oil quality.
Can select the bigger twin-screw oil mill of compression ratio for use.Because whole production technology is all carried out under lower temperature (go into to press material temperature≤35 ℃), no matter therefore not sex change such as the protein in the benevolence be to adopt single 2 screw oil expeller or adopt twin-screw oil mill all should do certain adjustment, to adapt to the variation into press for extracting juice material character.After adjusted twin-screw oil mill squeezing, the Residual oil single pressing can reach the level below 8% (butt) in the cake, and oil yield efficiency can reach 80%.Twin-screw oil mill demonstrates bigger superiority in oil plant shelling (skin) cold press.
(9) fine filtering
Said oil residue mixing compound is filtered, obtain as clear as crystal tea-seed oil.
Because the low temperature of process engineering goes into to press protein and not sex change of sugar in the material, sneaks into the fragment of these materials in the oil, thereby expressed oil is relatively more muddy.The airtight filter of this process using and twice filtration of bag type filtering machine are to guarantee the as clear as crystal of pressed oil.
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment is a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, different 2 points that are of present embodiment and embodiment: keeping the weight ratio of tea seed shell in the camellia seed kernel that 1, is separated in the said step (5) is 20%.The weight ratio of the water that 2, adds in the said step (7) is 1.5%.
Below be the quality references data that adopt technology squeezing tea seed gained tea-seed oil of the present invention:
Overall process of the present invention does not have high temperature and produces, and has realized the cold press of real camellia seed oil, has accomplished technology maturation, and efficient is high, cost is low.Separate through the benevolence shell; Get hold of and contain the shell ratio in the benevolence; Carry out modifiedly to going into to press material, effectively solve problem such as temperature controlling, continuous and stable production in the high oil recovery, cold pressing process process of oil plant, make to squeeze out the cake temperature and be controlled at 70 ℃ (site inspection is at 69 ℃); The Residual oil single pressing can reach the level below 8% (butt), oil yield efficiency 86% in the cake.Whole technical process does not have high temperature, need not chemical refining (not contacting with chemical substances such as any solvent, acid, alkali, bleaching clays in the process, pollution-free) and effectively preserves various nutritional labelings in the grease and natural flavour mountaineous; Protein destructiveness in the tea seed is little simultaneously, helps making full use of of oilseed protein, produces the camellia seed oil of pure natural.
More than the technical scheme that the embodiment of the invention provided has been carried out detailed introduction, used concrete example among this paper embodiment of the present invention set forth, the explanation of above embodiment only is applicable to the principle that helps to understand the embodiment of the invention; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the invention, the part that on the specific embodiment and range of application, all can change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a tea seed cold pressing oil technology is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) the tea seed impurities in raw materials of extracting oil is removed, obtained pure tea seed;
(2) said pure tea seed being carried out low temperature drying handles;
(3) said tea seed through dried is fallen into three classes by its volume size, obtain the tea seed of large, medium and small grade;
(4) tea seed of said large, medium and small grade is peeled off respectively;
The tea seed of (5) said process being peeled off carries out shell, benevolence to be separated, and obtains tea seed shell and camellia seed kernel, and in said camellia seed kernel, still keeping weight ratio is 15～25% tea seed shell;
(6) camellia seed kernel of said band shell is pulverized, obtained particle diameter at 0.1～0.5 millimeter fine grained camellia seed kernel;
(7) in said fine grained camellia seed kernel, adding weight ratio is that 1～3% moisture carries out modified;
(8) camellia seed kernel after modified squeezes with said process, obtains the oil residue mixing compound;
(9) said oil residue mixing compound is filtered, obtain as clear as crystal tea-seed oil.
2. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The baking temperature that low temperature drying is handled in the said step (2) is less than 70 degrees centigrade.
3. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The machine that low temperature drying is adopted in the said step (2) is a plate dryer, and the interlayer heating steam pressure of said plate dryer is 0.2 MPa.
4. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The grade scale of tea seed is in the said step (3): diameter is little tea seed less than 1 centimetre tea seed, and diameter is middle tea seed at 1～2 centimetre tea seed, and diameter is big tea seed greater than 2 centimetres tea seed.
5. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Keeping the weight ratio of tea seed shell in the camellia seed kernel that is separated in the said step (5) is 20%.
6. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The weight ratio of the water that adds in the said step (7) is 1.5%.
7. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Squeezing mode in the said step (8) is the mode of high-frequency, little dynamics.
8. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Filter type in the said step (9) is: adopt airtight filter and bag type filtering machine to carry out twice filtration.
9. tea seed cold pressing oil technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The mode of removing impurity in the said step (1) is: adopt two-layer vibratory sieve to vibrate removal of impurities.
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| CN102669303A (en) * | 2012-05-05 | 2012-09-19 | 管天球 | Preparation method for squalene-enriched tea oil |
| CN102952626A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-03-06 | 安徽新世界绿洲茶油有限公司 | Preparation process of cold-pressed tea seed oil |
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Application publication date: 20120125 |