CN102323480A - A kind of power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion - Google Patents

A kind of power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion Download PDF

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CN102323480A
CN102323480A CN201110130715A CN201110130715A CN102323480A CN 102323480 A CN102323480 A CN 102323480A CN 201110130715 A CN201110130715 A CN 201110130715A CN 201110130715 A CN201110130715 A CN 201110130715A CN 102323480 A CN102323480 A CN 102323480A
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刘志刚
李文帆
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of power quality analyzer, comprise quality of power supply measured data collecting part and power quality analysis part based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion.Quality of power supply measured data collecting part is realized obtaining of power quality data, and major function is signal condition and data acquisition; The power quality analysis part is transformed to core algorithm with Hilbert-Huang, can realize quality of power supply transient state disturbance Characteristics Detection and frequency analysis.Among the present invention, the strong signal method for automatically constructing of overlapped high-frequency self adaptation of filter design proposal when improving the mode aliasing of frequency analysis when having set up the mode aliasing that improves the transient oscillation analysis.Make the analyser can be under the simulation analysis pattern and PSCAD/EMTDC emulated data interface, realize theoretical research electric system; Again can be in the site-test analysis pattern and the measured data interface, realize the electrical network Power Quality Detection is analyzed the electric system actual operating state.

Description

A kind of power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power quality analyzer based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion.
Background technology
Electric energy need be stressed quality as a kind of commodity of human society activity in production, and high-quality electric energy is to guaranteeing safety, the economical operation of electrical network and electrical equipment, and the quality, output and the people's normal life that improve product all have great significance.So, the check and analysis of the quality of power supply are just seemed extremely important.Mostly the object that modern electric energy quality analysis apparatus is analyzed is traditional quality of power supply of some stable state indexs, the practicability analytical equipment slower development of quality of power supply transient state disturbance.Along with the development of signal processing technology, valid approach is provided for analyzing the transient power quality problem.
Fourier transform is the most frequently used power system signal analytical approach, and Wang Limeng etc. are at document [Wang Limeng, Li Guoqing; Wang Zhenhao, stone is of heap of stone. and Harmonic Detection and analytic system based on 80C196 and VC realize. electrical measurement and instrument, 2009; 46 (521): 57-59.] developed the frequency analysis system of a cover based on fourier algorithm; This system only is suitable for the stable state frequency analysis, suitable non-stationary the time become the harmonic signal analysis, and function singleness.The wavelet transformation analysis method is present electrical power system transient signal analysis field one of method the most widely, and this method has given appropriate description to the time variation of non-stationary signal, has improved the deficiency of fourier transform method; Zheng Hewei and Hu Pengcheng are at document [Zheng Hewei; Hu Pengcheng. based on the transient power quality real-time monitoring system of virtual instrument. electrical measurement and instrument, 2010,47 (30): 52-55.] be core algorithm with the wavelet transformation; Develop a cover transient power quality analytic system; But the final theoretical foundation of wavelet analysis still is a Fourier transform, thereby exposes some limitation inevitably, has influenced the practicality of system.So, can develop power quality analyzer as main algorithm from seeking the more excellent signal analysis method of performance, to improve the actual application value of analyser.
The Hilbert-Huang conversion is a kind of new signal processing method, this theoretical breakthrough the limitation of Fourier transform, be a kind of adaptive method with good time-frequency aggregation.At present, this method has obtained using preferably in the practical power systems analysis.The Hilbert-Huang conversion is applied to power quality analysis, is basically to realize with Matlab compile script language, is inappropriate for actual analysis, therefore, is necessary to develop relevant apparatus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention proposes a kind of power quality analyzer based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion.This analyser is transformed to core algorithm with Hilbert-Huang, can accurately catch the temporal properties of the non-stationary quality of power supply, obtains its sudden change parameter, to analyze the transient state disturbance of the quality of power supply; Can realize harmonic signal check and analysis again to stable state.This analyser comprises two kinds of check and analysis patterns: simulation analysis pattern and site-test analysis pattern.Through with PSCAD/EMTDC emulated data interface, realize theoretical research to electric system; Through the measured data interface, realize the electrical network Power Quality Detection, to analyze the electric system actual operating state.The power quality problem that the present invention analyzed has voltage to rise temporarily, voltage dip, voltage interruption, transient oscillation, transient state pulse, harmonic wave etc.The objective of the invention is to realize through following means.
A kind of power quality analyzer based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion; Comprise quality of power supply measured data collecting part and power quality analysis part: quality of power supply measured data collecting part is realized obtaining of power quality data, and major function is signal condition and data acquisition; Power quality analysis partly has data interface module, algoritic module, demonstration memory module, realizes the analysis to the quality of power supply, and its concrete job step comprises:
A, quality of power supply measured data are gathered
Signal conditioning circuit carries out filtering to voltage transformer (VT) or Current Transformer Secondary side voltage or electric current, is translated into the voltage signal that is suitable for the A/D conversion through Hall element again; Be that the voltage that the data acquisition system (DAS) of core will be passed through behind the signal condition carries out the A/D conversion with the single-chip microcomputer, give backstage power quality analysis part through the mode of serial communication with the data transmission that obtains, the latter generally is the computing machine that contains analysis software.
B, Hilbert-Huang transform analysis
After software section obtains actual measurement power quality data or PSCAD/EMTDC emulated data through data-interface, can get into the analysis that is transformed to the algoritic module realization quality of power supply of core with Hilbert-Huang, and by showing output module output testing result.Specific practice is:
Data x (t) is carried out empirical modal decompose, original signal x (t) is divided into a series of combinations with intrinsic mode function of instantaneous frequency meaning.For the transient state disturbing signal; Intrinsic mode function through to high fdrequency component carries out the Hilbert-Huang conversion, asks for instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency, then can detect disturbance and take place to stop constantly; Disturbance rise to the time high frequency sudden change amount, details such as disturbance amplitude and change of frequency process; To the stable state harmonic signal, then each intrinsic mode function is asked amplitude and frequency, each harmonic components of the corresponding original signal of the result that asks.Hilbert-Huang analyzes specific practice:
To quality of power supply signal x (t), decompose through empirical modal, can resolve into the intrinsic mode function c of n tool instantaneous frequency meaning i(i=1,2 ..., n) with a surplus r with, be expressed as:
x ( t ) = Σ i = 1 n c i + r
Ask for intrinsic mode function c iInstantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency.At first ask c i(t) Hilbert conversion
Figure BDA0000062241060000022
c ^ i ( t ) = 1 π ∫ - ∞ ∞ c i ( τ ) t - τ dτ
Structure c i(t) analytical function z i(t):
z i ( t ) = c i ( t ) + j c ^ i ( t )
Obtain amplitude function a respectively i(t) and phase function
Figure BDA0000062241060000031
a i ( t ) = c i 2 ( t ) + c ^ i 2 ( t )
Figure BDA0000062241060000033
Correspondingly can obtain instantaneous frequency f i(t):
Figure BDA0000062241060000034
C, mode aliasing are handled
To the signal analysis of transient oscillation signal harmonic the time, empirical modal decomposes can not realize correct screening sometimes, and the gained decomposition result loses meaning, and analytical approach is improved.
Adopt the method for the strong signal of overlapped high-frequency to improve mode aliasing problem to transient oscillation signal generation mode aliasing; Specific practice is: directly decompose first intrinsic mode function of acquisition with empirical modal; Ask its instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, the gained frequency can be reacted oscillation frequency, and frequency values and the strong signal of amplitude structure high frequency that certificate is asked are Δ x (t); Original signal is added to; Again the new signal after the stack is carried out empirical modal and decompose, deduct institute with the new high frequency intrinsic mode function that obtains and add the strong signal of high frequency, the magnitude that obtains vibrating through the instantaneous amplitude of asking the merchant again.
Adopt empirical modal method to harmonic signal generation mode aliasing based on Fourier transform.Specific practice is: earlier signal is carried out fourier transform analysis; The amplitude that each frequency content is corresponding is by maximal value normalization; With amplitude after the normalization greater than the Frequency point of designated value as the Design of Filter parameter; Generate wave filter each intrinsic mode function is separated, carry out Hilbert-Huang more respectively and analyze, so just avoided influencing each other of each mode.
Above-mentioned C is in the step, during the transient oscillation signal analysis in the mode aliasing processing procedure generation of the strong signal of overlapped high-frequency following:
Δx(t)＝0.1×a max×sin(2π×f max×t)
a MaxWith f MaxBe respectively instantaneous amplitude maximal value and instantaneous frequency maximal value that original signal x (t) empirical modal decomposes first intrinsic mode function that obtains.
Above-mentioned C is in the step, and is following based on the design of the empirical modal method median filter of Fourier transform:
Original signal x (t) is carried out Fourier transform:
x ( ω ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ x ( t ) · e - jωt dt
Ask for after the normalization amplitude greater than the Frequency point of a designated value (being made as 0.01), the series arrangement f that frequency values is ascending 1, f 2F k, it is f that frequency is extracted in design iThe filter transmission band of harmonic wave be:
[(f i-1+f i)/2，(f i+f i+1)/2]
Wherein, f 0Value is 0, f K+1Value is SF f s/ 2.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, to overcome tradition be the defective of the power quality analysis system of algorithm with the signal processing technology in the present invention.Decompose clear separately amplitude modulation(PAM) and frequency modulation (PFM), the restriction of breaking Fourier transform fixed amplitude and fixed frequency through empirical modal; Having broken through wavelet analysis need select the human factor of basis function and decomposition scale to influence in advance; And avoided small echo resolution limited by wavelet basis and decomposition scale; It is that self-adaptation obtains fully that empirical modal decomposes the intrinsic mode function that obtains; Avoided artificial factor, and gained resolution being to change with the characteristic information of signal, still is that frequency domain all has good resolution in time domain.
2, the present invention implements conveniently, only needs a hardware data acquisition system and an individual PC that contains analysis software to get final product, and simple to operate, and evaluation result is objective, true, accurate, science.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a system of the present invention pie graph
Fig. 2 is a power quality analysis process flow diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is that the background PC computer Hilbert-Huang of the embodiment of the invention analyzes display interface
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated: present embodiment provided detailed implementation process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
Present embodiment is an example with certain traction substation traction side α phase feeder current frequency analysis.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes: hardware components and software section.Hardware platform is realized obtaining of power quality data, and major function is signal condition and data acquisition; Software section is divided into data interface module, algoritic module, demonstration memory module, realizes the analysis to the quality of power supply.
Power quality analysis flow process of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2.Present embodiment is analyzed the measured current phase harmonic processes and is made up of following each step.
A, quality of power supply measured data are gathered
Present embodiment actual measurement quality of power supply signal sampling frequency is 3200Hz.Signal conditioning circuit carries out filtering to voltage transformer (VT) or Current Transformer Secondary side voltage or electric current, is translated into the voltage signal that is suitable for the A/D conversion through Hall element again; Be that the voltage that the data acquisition system (DAS) of core will be passed through behind the signal condition carries out the A/D conversion with the single-chip microcomputer, give background computer with the data transmission that obtains, promptly contain the computing machine of analysis software through the mode of RS-232 serial communication.
B, Hilbert-Huang transform analysis
The data of software section obtain interface block control computer serial ports, and realization is communicated by letter with hardware platform, and the storage measured data is in hard disk.Obtain power quality data through data-interface, can get into the analysis that is transformed to the algoritic module realization quality of power supply of core with Hilbert-Huang, and by display module output testing result.The concrete operations step is following:
1) obtains hardware components through data-interface and be stored in the current data of hard disc of computer,, and show its waveform with x (t) expression through serial communication.
2) selecting the power quality analysis type is frequency analysis.
3) carry out the Hilbert-Huang transform analysis: analyser acquiescence adopts empirical modal to decompose directly signal to be decomposed, decompose through empirical modal, x (t) can resolve into n tool instantaneous frequency meaning intrinsic mode function and a surplus and, be expressed as:
x ( t ) = Σ i = 1 n c i + r
If the mode aliasing does not take place, the gained result is the each harmonic component of feeder current x (t), the order of pressing footnote i, and each harmonic has by frequency values highly to be arranged to low, and promptly first component is higher hamonic wave, and second component is inferior higher-order wave
c i(t) Hilbert conversion:
c ^ i ( t ) = 1 π ∫ - ∞ ∞ c i ( τ ) t - τ dτ
Structure c i(t) analytical function:
Figure BDA0000062241060000053
Obtain amplitude function and phase function respectively:
a i ( t ) = c i 2 ( t ) + c ^ i 2 ( t )
Figure BDA0000062241060000055
Correspondingly can obtain instantaneous frequency:
Figure BDA0000062241060000056
a i(t) and f i(t) be the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency of i subharmonic, make up important instantaneous amplitude of institute and the instantaneous frequency asked, then obtain each harmonic amplitude and the frequency of feeder current x (t).Display analysis is amplitude curve and frequency curve as a result.
C, mode aliasing are handled
Observations; In disorder and the mutual intersection of each harmonic frequency curve; And with reference to the empirical modal decomposition result; Judge the mode aliasing takes place; Select to adopt the empirical modal method improvement mode aliasing based on Fourier transform: feeder current x (t) is carried out fourier transform analysis, and the amplitude that each frequency content is corresponding is by maximal value normalization, and after the normalization there be greater than 0.01 Frequency point amplitude: 50Hz, 150Hz, 250Hz, 350Hz, 450Hz, 550Hz, 650Hz, 750Hz, 850Hz, 900Hz, 1100Hz.
With this as the Design of Filter parameter, respectively with passband: [25Hz, 100Hz], [100Hz, 200Hz], [200Hz; 300Hz], [300Hz, 400Hz], [400Hz, 500Hz], [500Hz, 600Hz], [600Hz; 700Hz], [700Hz, 800Hz], [800Hz, 875HZ], [875Hz, 1000Hz], [1000Hz; 1350Hz], generate filter filtering, each intrinsic mode function is separated, utilize again B the 3rd) ask for c in the step i(t) formula of instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency intrinsic mode function amplitude and the frequency of looking for novelty shows and the inventory analysis result.The ultimate analysis result is as shown in Figure 3: analyser detects 11 contained harmonic components of feeder current x (t); Each component instantaneous frequency value is near slight fluctuations 50Hz, 150Hz, 250Hz, 350Hz, 450Hz, 550Hz, 650Hz, 750Hz, 850Hz, 900Hz, 1100Hz respectively, and the mode aliasing significantly improves.Can read the corresponding amplitude curve of each frequency curve according to the border curve color again, can know that from Fig. 3 the 50Hz energy is far longer than the energy of other frequencies, Here it is causes Hilbert-Huang to analyze the concrete reason that the mode aliasing occurs.

Claims (4)

1. power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion; Comprise quality of power supply measured data collecting part and power quality analysis part: quality of power supply measured data collecting part is realized obtaining of power quality data, and major function is signal condition and data acquisition; Power quality analysis partly has data interface module, algoritic module, demonstration memory module, realizes the analysis to the quality of power supply, and its concrete job step comprises:
A, quality of power supply measured data are gathered
Signal conditioning circuit carries out filtering to voltage transformer (VT) or Current Transformer Secondary side voltage or electric current, is translated into the voltage signal that is suitable for the A/D conversion through Hall element again; Be that the voltage that the data acquisition system (DAS) of core will be passed through behind the signal condition carries out the A/D conversion with the single-chip microcomputer, give backstage power quality analysis part with the data transmission that obtains through the mode of RS-232 serial communication;
B, Hilbert-Huang transform analysis
After power quality analysis part part is obtained actual measurement power quality data or PSCAD/EMTDC emulated data through data-interface; Promptly get into the analysis that is transformed to the algoritic module realization quality of power supply of core with Hilbert-Huang, and by showing output module output testing result; Its method is:
Data x (t) is carried out empirical modal to be decomposed; For the transient state disturbing signal; Intrinsic mode function through to high fdrequency component carries out the Hilbert-Huang conversion, asks for instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency, detects disturbance and takes place to stop constantly; Disturbance rise to the time high frequency sudden change amount, disturbance amplitude and change of frequency process details; To the stable state harmonic signal, then each intrinsic mode function is asked amplitude and frequency, each harmonic components of the corresponding original signal of the result that asks; Hilbert-Huang analyzes quality of power supply specific practice:
To quality of power supply signal x (t), decompose through empirical modal, resolve into the intrinsic mode function c of n tool instantaneous frequency meaning i(i=1,2 ..., n) with a surplus r with, be expressed as:
x ( t ) = Σ i = 1 n c i + r
Ask for intrinsic mode function c iInstantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency, at first ask c i(t) Hilbert conversion
Figure FDA0000062241050000012
c ^ i ( t ) = 1 π ∫ - ∞ ∞ c i ( τ ) t - τ dτ
Structure c i(t) analytical function z i(t):
z i ( t ) = c i ( t ) + j c ^ i ( t )
Obtain amplitude function a respectively i(t) and phase function
Figure FDA0000062241050000015
a i ( t ) = c i 2 ( t ) + c ^ i 2 ( t )
Correspondingly can obtain instantaneous frequency f i(t):
Figure FDA0000062241050000021
C, mode aliasing are handled
To the signal analysis of transient oscillation signal harmonic the time, empirical modal decomposes can not realize correct screening sometimes, and the gained decomposition result loses meaning, needs analytical approach is improved;
To transient oscillation signal analysis generation mode aliasing, adopt the method for the strong signal of overlapped high-frequency to improve mode aliasing problem; That is: directly decompose first intrinsic mode function of acquisition with empirical modal; Ask its instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, the gained frequency can be reacted oscillation frequency, and frequency values and the strong signal of amplitude structure high frequency that certificate is asked are Δ x (t); Original signal is added to; New signal after the stack is carried out empirical modal decompose, deduct institute with the new high frequency intrinsic mode function that obtains and add the strong signal of high frequency, the magnitude that obtains vibrating through the instantaneous amplitude of asking the merchant again;
Adopt empirical modal method to harmonic signal analysis generation mode aliasing based on Fourier transform; Specific practice is: earlier signal is carried out fourier transform analysis; The amplitude that each frequency content is corresponding is by maximal value normalization, with amplitude after the normalization greater than the Frequency point of designated value as the Design of Filter parameter, generate wave filter to each Frequency point filtering; Each intrinsic mode function is separated, carried out Hilbert-Huang more respectively and analyze.
2. the power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: adopt the core algorithm of Hilbert-Huang conversion as power quality analysis; Through to signal decomposition; Ask for the instantaneous amplitude and the instantaneous frequency of intrinsic mode function, realize the analysis of the quality of power supply.
3. the power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the automatic generation of the strong signal of overlapped high-frequency in the mode aliasing processing procedure during transient oscillation signal analysis:
Δx(t)＝0.1×a max×sin(2π×f max×t)
a MaxWith f MaxBe respectively instantaneous amplitude maximal value and instantaneous frequency maximal value that original signal x (t) empirical modal decomposes first intrinsic mode function that obtains.
4. the power quality analysis method based on the Hilbert-Huang conversion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the self-adaptation based on the empirical modal method median filter of Fourier transform generates:
Original signal x (t) is carried out Fourier transform:
x ( ω ) = ∫ - ∞ ∞ x ( t ) · e - jωt dt
Ask for after the normalization amplitude greater than the Frequency point of a designated value (being made as 0.01), the series arrangement f that frequency values is ascending 1, f 2F k, it is f that frequency is extracted in design iThe filter transmission band of harmonic components be:
[(f i-1+f i)/2，(f i+f i+1)/2]
Wherein, i=1,2 ..., k, f 0Value is 0, f K+1Value is SF f s/ 2.
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CN106771678A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-31 国网江苏省电力公司检修分公司 A kind of phase detecting method and device based on Hilbert-Huang transform and expert system
CN107961005A (en) * 2017-11-07 2018-04-27 东南大学 The feature extracting method of few passage brain-computer interface EEG signal
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CN112858784B (en) * 2021-04-03 2023-05-26 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 Traction power supply system-regional power grid parallel harmonic resonance frequency identification method

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