CN102322825B - Optical measuring system and method for coaxiality of extra-long-hole part - Google Patents
Optical measuring system and method for coaxiality of extra-long-hole part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical measuring system and method for coaxiality of an extra-long-hole part, belonging to the technical field of coaxiality measurement. The measuring system comprises an oriented rod (101), a self-centering comprehensive measuring head (102), a position sensitive detector (PSD) (103), the extra-long-hole part (104), a spectroscope (105), a four-dimensional collimation platform (106), a laser transmitter (107), a motion control card (108), a reflecting mirror (109), a computer (110), a data acquisition card (111) and the like. During measurement, a laser collimation centerline is determined firstly according to the centers of a head hole and a tail hole and then the coaxiality value of the holes is obtained through a minimum zone method. The optical measuring system and method for the coaxiality of the extra-long-hole part has the advantages of high efficiency and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the right alignment detection technique, in particular, is a kind of right alignment for the overlength multi-holes part, the system and method that utilizes the technology such as laser, PSD sensor and comprehensive gauge head efficiently to measure.
Background technology
In Aero-Space, weaponry field, hole system is the critical component that serves as carry-over moment, outputting power, and especially for fixed wing aircraft, the rotation of its aileron, flap slat is the assurance that realizes the actions such as aircraft pitch, deflection, roll.Hole system on the aircraft flap slat belongs to overlength array hole system, and length can reach 3-5 rice, and the size in hole is generally about Φ 20mm.The characteristics in such hole are: the single hole diameter is less; The accessory size overlength; There are not measurement, reference for installation.If the right alignment existing problems of this super-long hole system, it is not in place in the middle action that aileron or flap slat occur of executing the task that the consequence that directly causes may be fighter plane, or even be failure to actuate, that will cause one-level (fatal crass) or secondary (machine is ruined the people and the do not died) accident of aviation field.This shows, be the key factor of guaranteeing aircraft safety flight for the right alignment of such super-long hole system, the correct detection of internal diameter.
At present to the coaxiality detecting method of aircraft flap slat super-long hole system, each large aircraft manufacturing group company mainly still adopts major axis feeler gauge mensuration at home, utilizes the feeler gauge principle to carry out the manual original measurement that the hole is right alignment.Hand dipping is take workman's experience as basis for estimation, the reliable parameter index of neither one carries out qualification and judges, testing result is difficult to guarantee the qualification rate of part, tend to occur when mounted effective centering of folding wings, installation process produces mechanical interference, greatly affected the progress of aircraft assembling, work efficiency is low.There has been multiple high-precision coaxial degree measuring instrument in American-European countries, such as German PRUFTECHNIK(Pu Lefunike) centering instrument, Sweden FIXTURLASER centering instrument, U.S. Universal axiality measuring apparatus etc., but because business reason, have no its principles illustrated, and this class import equipment is that the measurement length maximum of diameter of phi 20mm can only reach 300mm to the hole, and is not suitable for the measurement of aircraft flap slat super-long hole system (3000mm) right alignment.
State's endoporus is in the method for measuring coaxiality, present method is generally all measured for oversized hole system, and satisfies in the measuring method of small hole size system, and the length of measured hole system is generally very little, all be no more than 100mm, can't satisfy the measurement of bus's flap slat hole system.At present the measurement of aircraft flap slat right alignment all is based on the method for manual feeler gauge, this is the labor intensive material resources not only, and require the operator to possess abundant practical experience, and it is still very high to detect the defective ratio of qualified Assembly of the parts.The demand that this can not satisfy aircraft modern production and maintenance has prolonged the production cycle, has increased manufacturing cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of overlength multi-holes part right alignment optical measuring system and method for suitable large range observation.
A kind of super-long hole is the right alignment optical measuring system, it is characterized in that: comprise the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) that forms for the work stage () of placing the overlength multi-holes part, by electric rotating machine and three measuring jaws, be installed on the PSD sensor (103) of the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) front end, also comprise four-dimensional collimation platform (106), be installed on and four-dimensionally collimate generating laser (107) on the platform, also comprise computing machine (110), data collecting card (111) and motion control card (108); Wherein the transducing signal input end of data collecting card (111) links to each other with PSD sensor (103), the data-signal output terminal links to each other with computing machine (110), the control signal input end of motion control card (108) links to each other with computing machine (110), and the control signal output terminal links to each other with four-dimensional collimation platform (106).
Utilizing described super-long hole is the measuring method of right alignment optical measuring system, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
The first step: send conditioning signal to motion control card (108) by computing machine (110), drive four-dimensional collimation platform (106) again and carry out the position adjustment of generating laser, to determine the reference laser line, detailed process is as follows:At first, utilize the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) to measure first central point of hole, adjust generating laser (107) position, laser is beaten at this moment the PSD center; Secondly, keep laser transmitter positions constant, the comprehensive gauge head of mobile self-centering (102) is measured the uropore central point in uropore; Determine that by first central point of hole and uropore central point the algorithm of straight line, system regulate the position of four-dimensional collimation platform (106) automatically, make laser beat at this moment PSD center; This moment, the laser that sends of generating laser passed first central point of hole and uropore central point simultaneously, with this laser rays as the reference laser line;
Second step, keep the reference laser line constant, measure and respectively treat the central point of gaging hole with respect to the offset information of reference laser line, detailed process is as follows:At first, three measuring jaws of motor rotary actuation on the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) stretch out simultaneously, block the internal diameter of institute's gaging hole, this moment, the reference laser line was beaten at the PSD(103 that is connected with the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102)) the formation hot spot, this hot spot is called the reference light spot; Obtaining at this moment, the PSD center is that institute's gaging hole central point is with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot; Data collecting card (111) gathers this position offset coordinates information, and is transferred to computing machine (110); Secondly, for to guarantee that the central point of hole that a hole is measured is rationally credible with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot, above-mentioned measuring process carries out twice at least, first the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) is rotated an angle before each the measurement;
The 3rd step, calculating part coaxiality error, detailed process is as follows:Computing machine (110) carries out data to be processed, each central point of hole is carried out least square fitting with respect to the position offset coordinates information of each reference light spot, obtain theoretical centerline, evaluate benchmark with this theoretical centerline as right alignment, adopt minimum containment region method, obtain the coaxiality error value of part.
Compared with prior art, the present invention adopts laser collimation technology, PSD sensing technology, comprehensive gauge head technology etc., has realized the coaxality measurement of overlength small size multi-holes part.The advantage that this method possesses has: measuring accuracy is high, good reliability, and measuring process is convenient; Efficient and the accuracy rate of the overlength multi-holes part coaxality measurement that greatly improves.Be the problem that exists in the parts measurement process for super-long hole, above-mentioned overlength multi-holes part right alignment optical measuring device and system, can in the part quality check, use, also can in the Assembly of the parts process, use, perhaps in breakdown maintenance, use, can realize the abort situation diagnosis of high-level efficiency, high-precision fault connecting hole, have wide future in engineering applications.
Also be processed with successively at least two slots of interval fixed angle on the comprehensive gauge head of above-mentioned self-centering (102); This measuring system also comprises an orientation lever (101) that can insert or extract above-mentioned slot, and orientation lever is equipped with photoelectric sensor on (101); This measuring system also comprises the spectroscope (105) and catoptron (109) be used to the laser rays of the initial laser line parallel of telling a branch of and generating laser (107); The laser rays of this and initial laser line parallel is called directed laser rays; In the described right alignment optical means second step, for the central point of hole of guaranteeing a hole is measured rationally credible with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot, and avoid the system deviation of processing, measuring process is carried out twice, rotate the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) before each the measurement, and guarantee that directed laser rays beats on orientation lever (101).Above-mentioned fixed angle can be set to 90 degree in practice, and slot is 2, measures as stated above twice during the measurement in several each hole.
Described super-long hole is the right alignment measuring method, it is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step, system gives the comparative result of measuring error and given tolerance, and does not meet the hole site information that right alignment requires.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that super-long hole of the present invention is right alignment optical measuring device figure;
Fig. 2 is that straight laser synoptic diagram is fixed at center, head and the tail of the present invention hole; Wherein Fig. 2 (a) is center, first hole, location synoptic diagram; Fig. 2 (b) is uropore center, location synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the facula position synoptic diagram on the PSD sensor UV coordinate system of the present invention;
Number in the figure title: 101-orientation lever, the comprehensive gauge head of 102-self-centering, the 103-PSD sensor, 104-overlength multi-holes part, 105-spectroscope, the four-dimensional collimation of 106-platform, the 107-generating laser, 108-motion control card, 109-catoptron, the 110-computing machine, the 111-data collecting card.
The comprehensive gauge head of 102-self-centering; The first hole of 202-; The 103-PSD sensor; The 204-uropore; The 107-generating laser; The four-dimensional collimation of 106-platform.
301-benchmark hot spot; The hole internal diameter circle that the comprehensive gauge head of 302-is surveyed.
Embodiment
Be that the right alignment optical measuring device describes below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to super-long hole of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, super-long hole of the present invention is that the right alignment optical measuring device comprises:
The comprehensive gauge head 102 of self-centering is with three measuring jaws, is driven by accurate lead screw, ratchet and motor, and during measurement, motor is rotated and drives three measuring jaws and stretch out simultaneously, blocks the hole internal diameter, and laser is beaten on the PSD that is connected with gauge head simultaneously;
Overlength multi-holes part 104, multi-holes part to be measured, general length is more than 2m, and the hole of 20 the above quantity that distribute is about the Φ 20mm of aperture;
Four-dimensional collimation platform 106, with the four-dimensional movement platform of 2 translations, 2 rotations, laser instrument is installed on this platform, is used for realizing the position adjustments of laser beam, accepts the motion control card signal during adjusting, drives the motion of each spindle motor;
Generating laser 107, Emission Lasers are connected on the four-dimensional collimation platform to the PSD sensor;
Catoptron 109 receives the laser beam that the spectroscope emission comes, and launches the laser beam that parallels with the laser alignment datum line, gets on the orientation lever, is used for adjusting the coordinate position of PSD on the comprehensive gauge head;
Data collecting card 111 gathers each the hole site information on the PSD sensor, sends this information to computing machine;
Be with three measuring jaws on the comprehensive gauge head, driven by accurate lead screw, ratchet and motor, when measuring, motor is rotated and drives three measuring jaws and stretch out simultaneously, blocks the hole internal diameter, and laser is beaten on the PSD that is connected with gauge head simultaneously, gives the center information of portalling.The effect of ratchet is to protect gauge head, avoids measuring jaw to contact counter-force with the hole inwall and damages head mechanism.
Super-long hole is the precision that the measuring accuracy of right alignment optical measuring system depends on the PSD sensor, and the size of PSD need to satisfy and can pass in the system of the hole of 20mm, the PSD position resolution that the present invention selects reaches 0.001mm, component profile size＜φ 20mm.
The laser quasi straight line of determining take the head and the tail hole is as measuring basis, obtain the positional information of each central point of hole, then these all position coordinateses points are carried out least square fitting, obtain theoretical centerline, the evaluation benchmark take this theoretical centerline that simulates as right alignment, adopt minimum containment region method, obtain the coaxiality error value of part, therefore the software processing part in the computing machine need to be finished above-mentioned computation process, and provide the comparative result of measuring error and given tolerance, and do not meet the hole site information that right alignment requires.
As shown in Figure 1, in the testing process, super-long hole is that the performing step of coaxality measuring mechanism is as follows:
Step 1: comprehensive gauge head 102 is measured the central point in head and the tail hole, adjusts generating laser 107, according to the method for 2 definite straight lines, makes the laser alignment center line of generating laser 107 emissions by head and the tail center, hole, thereby determines the measuring basis line; This process has been determined center, first hole referring to shown in Figure 2 among Fig. 2 (a), center, first hole is constant among Fig. 2 (b), adjusts the uropore center, thereby determines the collimation center line; The position adjustments of generating laser 107 sends conditioning signal to motion control card 108 by computing machine 110, drives four-dimensional collimation platform 106 again and carries out the adjustment of position;
Step 2: spectroscope 105, catoptron 109 are connected in generating laser 107 tops, by spectroscope 105 and catoptron 109 laser beam that parallels of a branch of and above-mentioned alignment fiducial line out, this laser beam is beaten on orientation lever 101, can judge the coordinate position of PSD sensor 103, so that when same-pore measurement not, the coordinate position of measuring on the PSD sensor 103 has a unified directional reference;
Step 3: comprehensive gauge head 102 passes through each aperture to be measured of overlength multi-holes part 104 successively, during measurement, three measuring jaws of motor rotary actuation on the comprehensive gauge head 102 stretch out simultaneously, block the hole internal diameter, simultaneously laser is beaten on the PSD sensor 103 that is connected with gauge head, provide the central point of hole co-ordinate position information, as shown in Figure 3; Data collecting card 111 gathers this positional information, and is transferred to computing machine 110.The effect of ratchet is to protect gauge head, avoids measuring jaw to contact counter-force with the hole inwall and damages head mechanism.
Step 4: computing machine 110 carries out the record of data, the positional information coordinate points of each central point of hole is carried out least square fitting, obtain theoretical centerline, the evaluation benchmark take this theoretical centerline that simulates as right alignment, adopt minimum containment region method, obtain the coaxiality error value of part, and provide the comparative result of measuring error and given tolerance, and do not meet the hole site information that right alignment requires.
Claims (5)
1. a super-long hole is the right alignment optical measuring system, it is characterized in that:
Comprise the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) that forms for the work stage of placing the overlength multi-holes part, by electric rotating machine and three measuring jaws, the PSD sensor (103) that is installed on the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) front end,
Also comprise four-dimensional collimation platform (106), be installed on generating laser (107) on the four-dimensional collimation platform,
Also comprise computing machine (110), data collecting card (111) and motion control card (108); Wherein the transducing signal input end of data collecting card (111) links to each other with PSD sensor (103), the data-signal output terminal links to each other with computing machine (110), the control signal input end of motion control card (108) links to each other with computing machine (110), and the control signal output terminal links to each other with four-dimensional collimation platform (106);
Also be processed with successively at least two slots of interval fixed angle on the comprehensive gauge head of above-mentioned self-centering (102); This measuring system also comprises an orientation lever (101) that can insert or extract above-mentioned slot, and orientation lever is equipped with photoelectric sensor on (101);
This measuring system also comprises the spectroscope (105) and catoptron (109) be used to the laser rays of the initial laser line parallel of telling a branch of and generating laser (107).
2. super-long hole according to claim 1 is the right alignment optical measuring system, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned fixed angle is 90 degree, and slot is 2.
3. utilizing the described super-long hole of claim 1 is the measuring method of right alignment optical measuring system, it is characterized in that comprising following process:
The first step: send conditioning signal to motion control card (108) by computing machine (110), drive four-dimensional collimation platform (106) again and carry out the position adjustment of generating laser, to determine the reference laser line, detailed process is as follows:
At first, utilize the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) to measure first central point of hole, adjust generating laser (107) position, laser is beaten at this moment the PSD center;
Secondly, keep laser transmitter positions constant, the comprehensive gauge head of mobile self-centering (102) is measured the uropore central point in uropore; Determine that by first central point of hole and uropore central point the algorithm of straight line, system regulate the position of four-dimensional collimation platform (106) automatically, make laser beat at this moment PSD center; This moment, the laser that sends of generating laser passed first central point of hole and uropore central point simultaneously, with this laser rays as the reference laser line;
Second step, keep the reference laser line constant, measure and respectively treat the central point of gaging hole with respect to the offset information of reference laser line, detailed process is as follows:
At first, three measuring jaws of motor rotary actuation on the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) stretch out simultaneously, block the internal diameter of institute's gaging hole, this moment, the reference laser line was beaten at the PSD(103 that is connected with the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102)) the formation hot spot, this hot spot is called the reference light spot; Obtaining at this moment, the PSD center is that institute's gaging hole central point is with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot; Data collecting card (111) gathers this position offset coordinates information, and is transferred to computing machine (110);
Secondly, for to guarantee that the central point of hole that a hole is measured is rationally credible with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot, and avoid the system deviation of processing, the measuring process in cross section, an above-mentioned hole carries out twice at least, when measuring the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) is rotated an angle at every turn; Then the metrical information of the skew mean value of the central point of hole of repeatedly measuring as this hole;
The 3rd step, calculating part coaxiality error, detailed process is as follows:
Computing machine (110) carries out data to be processed, each central point of hole is carried out least square fitting with respect to the position offset coordinates information of each reference light spot, obtain theoretical centerline, evaluate benchmark with this theoretical centerline as right alignment, adopt minimum containment region method, obtain the coaxiality error value of part.
4. super-long hole according to claim 3 is the right alignment measuring method, it is characterized in that:
Also be processed with successively at least two slots of interval fixed angle on the comprehensive gauge head of above-mentioned self-centering (102); This measuring system also comprises an orientation lever (101) that can insert or extract above-mentioned slot, and orientation lever is equipped with photoelectric sensor on (101); This measuring system also comprises the spectroscope (105) and catoptron (109) be used to the laser rays of the initial laser line parallel of telling a branch of and generating laser (107); The laser rays of this and initial laser line parallel is called directed laser rays;
In the described right alignment optical means second step, for the central point of hole of guaranteeing a hole is measured rationally credible with respect to the position offset information of reference light spot, measuring process is carried out twice, rotate the comprehensive gauge head of self-centering (102) before each the measurement, and guarantee that directed laser rays beats on orientation lever (101).
5. super-long hole according to claim 3 is the right alignment measuring method, it is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step, system gives the comparative result of measuring error and given tolerance, and does not meet the hole site information that right alignment requires.
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| US9170092B2 (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2015-10-27 | Airbus Operations Limited | System for detecting misalignment of an aero surface |
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| CN102322825A (en) | 2012-01-18 |
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