CN102319756A - A kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy - Google Patents
A kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy, be used to produce the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that alloy designations is 6A82.The inventive method comprises: the ingot casting of 6000 line aluminium alloys is put into the extruder recipient push, obtain rods and bars of aluminium alloy, extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃, and extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm; Said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carry out Quenching Treatment, hardening heat is 540 ℃.The 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy that uses the inventive method to produce, its tensile strength is more than or equal to 400MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 5mm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the alloy technology field, relate in particular to a kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy.
Background technology
Automobile making need consume a large amount of alloy aluminum materials.Wherein, the automobile chassis control arm adopts the alloy aluminum made usually, requires enough big intensity, to guarantee the safety of driving.
At present, the automaker to use alloy designations be that 6082 rods and bars of aluminium alloy is made the automobile chassis control arm.6082 aluminium alloys are higher kinds of intensity in 6000 line aluminium alloys, and its tensile strength is more than or equal to 310MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 8mm, and this alloy is adopted by the automaker for successive years.
But; Automaker's feedback; 6082 alloy product characteristics are the tensile strength of 310MPa and the coarse grain ring degree of depth of 8mm; Can not satisfy the requirement that will improve automobile chassis control arm tensile strength and security from now on, so the automaker requires 6082 aluminium alloys are improved, to reach the higher tensile strength and the more shallow coarse grain ring degree of depth.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy, be used to improve the properties of product of 6082 aluminium alloys, the tensile strength that makes rods and bars of aluminium alloy is more than or equal to 400MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 5mm.And the alloy designations after this improvement is 6A82.
A kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy comprises:
The ingot casting of 6000 line aluminium alloys is put into the extruder recipient push, obtain rods and bars of aluminium alloy, extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃, and extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm;
Said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carry out Quenching Treatment, hardening heat is 540 ℃.
Through above technical scheme; Can produce the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that alloy designations is 6A82; Said bar characteristic be tensile strength more than or equal to 400MPa, the coarse grain ring degree of depth satisfies the requirement that the automaker improves automobile chassis control arm tensile strength and security smaller or equal to 5mm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the first embodiment of the invention method flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is the second embodiment of the invention method flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is second embodiment of the invention hardening heat and mechanical property graph of relation.
The specific embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy, is used to produce the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that alloy designations is 6A82, and its tensile strength is more than or equal to 400MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 5mm.Below the inventive method is elaborated.
The alloying trade mark is that the method key step flow chart of the rods and bars of aluminium alloy of 6A82 sees also Fig. 1 in the first embodiment of the invention, mainly comprises:
101, extruding.
For required product is shaped substantially, the ingot casting of 6000 line aluminium alloys is put into the recipient of extruder, start extruder and push, obtain rods and bars of aluminium alloy.
Wherein, the diameter of rods and bars of aluminium alloy will be made needs adjustment according to reality, and extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃, and extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm.Follow-uply will how to confirm to describe to the extruding system in this step.
102, quench.
In order to make rods and bars of aluminium alloy obtain non-diffusion-type transition tissue, said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carry out Quenching Treatment.
Wherein, hardening heat is 540 ℃, and Quenching Soaking Time needs to adjust according to the size of the rods and bars of aluminium alloy diameter of confirming in the step 101.Follow-uply will how to confirm to describe to the quenching system in this step.
The present embodiment method is used to produce the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that alloy designations is 6A82; On 6000 line aluminium alloy manufacturing process bases; The extruding system is confirmed as extrusion temperature: 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature: 460 ℃, extrusion speed: 1.0～4.0sec/mm; The quenching system is confirmed as hardening heat: 540 ℃, institution of prescription is confirmed as temperature and is risen to 175 ℃ and be incubated 8 hours.Through the 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy that above manufacturing approach is produced, tensile strength is more than or equal to 400MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 5mm.
Second embodiment of the invention will be implemented described 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy manufacturing approach flow process to first and carry out detailed description, and to how confirming that new production process provides experimental basis, this method flow chart sees also Fig. 2, mainly comprises:
201, batching.
Press 6000 line aluminium alloy composition percentage by weights: Si 0.95～1.15%, Fe≤0.30%, and Cu 0.40～0.50%; Mn 0.40～0.55%; Mg 0.85～1.10%, and Cr 0.10～0.20%, Zn≤0.25%; Zr≤0.05%, the Al of Ti 0.01～0.10% and surplus prepares alloy raw material.After the preparing raw materials, can carry out next step melting step.
Wherein, 6000 line aluminium alloys comprise that the 6A82 aluminium alloy that the present invention makes all carries out proportioning raw materials according to above-mentioned ingredients by weight percentage with 6082 technological now aluminium alloys.
In the present embodiment related experiment, on 6000 line aluminium alloy composition weight percentage ranges bases, the mechanical property of the aluminium alloy of 4 kinds of concrete alloy composition proportion scales of research manufacturing.Design is during alloy composition, and the bound of getting Mg, Si content is intersected batching, and other metal ingredient is got median, and to study the influence of alloy composition proportion scale to the final mechanical property of rods and bars of aluminium alloy, 4 kinds of experiments see also table 1 with the alloy composition proportion scale.
Table 1
The utilization control variate method; Ingot casting is used in the experiment that the aluminum alloy materials of above-mentioned 4 kinds of compositions is manufactured diameter phi 162mm; Again said experiment is used rods and bars of aluminium alloy with the experiment that ingot casting is squeezed into diameter phi 35mm, make finished product after process quenching at last and the artificial aging, and be used for the mechanical property experiment; Can get 4 kinds of concrete alloy composition proportion scale product mechanical property tables, see also table 2.
| The alloying component numbering | Tensile strength (σ bN/mm) | Yield strength (σ bN/mm) | Percentage elongation (δ %) |
| Alloy 1# | 420～425 | 380～375 | 13.5～14.5 |
| Alloy 2# | 420～430 | 375～385 | 14.0～13.0 |
| Alloy 3# | 425～425 | 380～385 | 12.0～13.5 |
| Alloy 4# | 420～430 | 375～380 | 13.5～12.0 |
Table 2
Can find out that from table 2 in 6A82 aluminium alloy standard component proportion scale scope, the adjustment alloy composition is little to the influence of the final mechanical property of bar.
202, melting.
In order to make said alloy raw material fusing, said alloy raw material is put into the graphite crucible melting, smelting temperature is 740～760 ℃, makes said alloy raw material melt fully, and obtains the melt that composition is evenly distributed.
203, cleaning molten.
In order to obtain the high-purity alloy melt, said melt to be carried out cleaning molten handle, the cleaning molten process is carried out flux-refining earlier, carries out argon gas refining 10～15min again, subsequently melt is skimmed to remove impurity, leaves standstill at last, prepares to be cast as ingot casting.
204, casting.
For the ease of extrusion process, must be cast as the processing of ingot casting earlier to the melt behind the cleaning molten.Wherein, casting temperature is 730～740 ℃, and casting speed is 100～110mm/min, and casting hydraulic pressure is 0.06～0.12MPa.
205, extruding.
For required product is shaped substantially, said ingot casting is put into the recipient of extruder, start extruder and push, obtain rods and bars of aluminium alloy.The rods and bars of aluminium alloy here is also more coarse, and flexibility is bigger, and extruding is continued operation, so the rods and bars of aluminium alloy length that extruding is come out is longer, need carry out subsequent treatment.
Wherein, the diameter of rods and bars of aluminium alloy will be made needs adjustment according to reality, and extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃, and extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm.
In the present embodiment related experiment, the utilization control variate method adopts identical extrusion speed, hardening heat and institution of prescription; Said extrusion speed is 2.0～2.5sec/mm, and said hardening heat is 540 ℃, and said institution of prescription is insulation 8 hours after the rising temperature to 175 ℃; Do the extrusion temperature experiment, the research extrusion temperature is got 4 experiments and is used rods and bars of aluminium alloy the influence of rods and bars of aluminium alloy mechanical property; Its diameter is φ 65mm; Adopt different extrusion temperatures, and measure tensile strength, yield strength and the percentage elongation of said each experiment with rods and bars of aluminium alloy, experimental data sees also table 3.
| The alloy specification | Extrusion temperature (℃) | Tensile strength (σ bN/mm) | Yield strength (σ bN/mm) | Percentage elongation (δ %) |
| φ65 | 480 | 400～405 | 370～375 | 12.5～12.5 |
| φ65 | 500 | 420～430 | 375～385 | 12～12.5 |
| φ65 | 520 | 440～435 | 410～405 | 11.5～12 |
| φ65 | 540 | 450～465 | 425～435 | 11 |
Table 3
Experimental data from table 3 can find out that along with the rising of extrusion temperature, the tensile strength and the yield strength of rods and bars of aluminium alloy constantly increase, and the Changing Pattern of percentage elongation is opposite.
In the present embodiment related experiment, also must study the influence of extrusion temperature to coarse grain ring, this experiment has cut a part of experiment and has done the low power performance test with 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy sample; Wherein, Experiment has 5 samples with the 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy, and diameter is respectively φ 40mm, φ 50mm and φ 65mm, the regular size when these three specifications are actual production; Recipient tube temperature is 460 ℃ in addition, and extrusion speed is 2.0～2.5sec/mm.In conjunction with actual conditions, get following 5 groups of experimental datas, be used to detect the influence of extrusion temperature to the coarse grain ring degree of depth, experimental data sees also table 4.
| The alloy specification | Extrusion temperature (℃) | The coarse grain ring degree of depth (mm) |
| φ40 | 460 | 1～3 |
| φ50 | 480 | 1～2 |
| φ65 | 500 | 1～2 |
| φ65 | 520 | 1～2 |
| φ40 | 540 | 1 |
Table 4
Can find out that from above data when recipient tube temperature was constant, extrusion temperature had certain influence to the coarse grain ring degree of depth, along with the rising coarse grain ring degree of depth of extrusion temperature is constantly reducing, still, in fact the coarse grain ring degree of depth≤3mm can satisfy the use needs.
The analysis of associative list 3 and table 4, the extrusion temperature of the inventive method extruding system is confirmed as 520～540 ℃.
In the present embodiment related experiment; The utilization control variate method adopts identical extrusion temperature, hardening heat and institution of prescription, and said extrusion temperature is that 540 ℃, said hardening heat are that 540 ℃ and said institution of prescription are to be incubated 8 hours after the rising temperature to 175 ℃; Do the extrusion speed experiment; The research extrusion speed is to the influence of alloy mechanical property, and 3 experiments use the diameter of rods and bars of aluminium alloy to be φ 50mm and φ 65mm, adopt different extrusion speeds; And measure tensile strength, yield strength and the percentage elongation of each experiment with rods and bars of aluminium alloy, experimental data sees also table 5.
| The alloy specification | Extrusion speed (sec/mm) | Tensile strength (σ bN/mm) | Yield strength (σ bN/mm) | Percentage elongation (δ %) |
| φ50 | 1.0～1.5 | 430～440 | 400～415 | 15～10 |
| φ65 | 1.5～2.5 | 450～430 | 430～420 | 11.5～8.0 |
| φ65 | 2.5～4.0 | 450～445 | 430～420 | 9.5～12.5 |
Table 5
Can find out that from last table data the variation of extrusion speed is not remarkable with the mechanical property influence of rods and bars of aluminium alloy to experiment, therefore can not consider the influence of the variation of extrusion speed to the product mechanical property.
In the present embodiment related experiment, also must study the influence of extrusion speed to coarse grain ring, in this experiment, experiment has 3 samples with the 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy, and diameter is respectively φ 50mm and φ 65mm, and extrusion temperature is 540 ℃ in addition.In conjunction with actual, get following 3 groups of experimental datas, be used to detect the influence of extrusion speed to the coarse grain ring degree of depth, experimental data sees also table 6.
| The alloy specification | Extrusion speed (sec/mm) | The coarse grain ring degree of depth (mm) |
| φ50 | 1.0～1.5 | 1～2 |
| φ65 | 1.5～2.5 | 1～2 |
| φ65 | 2.5～4.0 | 1～2 |
Table 6
From the data of table 6, can find out, extrusion speed when 1.0～4.0sec/mm scope the coarse grain ring degree of depth all≤2mm, these data are far smaller than the requirement of coarse grain ring degree of depth 5mm, because can find out that extrusion speed is little to the influence of rods and bars of aluminium alloy mechanical property.
The analysis of consolidated statement 5 and table 6, the extrusion speed of the inventive method extruding system is confirmed as 1.0～4.0sec/mm.
206, quench.
In order to make rods and bars of aluminium alloy obtain non-diffusion-type transition tissue, said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carry out Quenching Treatment.
Wherein, hardening heat is 540 ℃, and Quenching Soaking Time will be adjusted according to the size of the rods and bars of aluminium alloy diameter of confirming in the step 205.
In the present embodiment related experiment, research quenching system is to the influence of rods and bars of aluminium alloy structure property.Cut 4 samples after same ingot casting is squeezed into rods and bars of aluminium alloy; Be heated 540 ℃, 550 ℃, 560 ℃ and 570 ℃ respectively; And treat to do Metallographic Analysis after the sample cooling by official hour insulation; Can know through analyzing metallograph, when hardening heat reaches 570 ℃, also still can normally make.
The 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy requires tensile strength >=400MPa; Experiment is adopted hardening heat from low to high; Cutting sample continuously from the same bar experimentizes; Quenching Soaking Time is 40min, and experimental result is got the point-rendering curve map of rods and bars of aluminium alloy intensity and the corresponding hardening heat of percentage elongation, and experimental result sees also Fig. 3.
Through analysis to Fig. 3 experimental data; Can find rising along with hardening heat; The mechanical property of 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy improves fast, when hardening heat reaches 500 ℃, along with temperature raises; The mechanical property of 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy slowly improves, and confirms that therefore hardening heat is 540 ℃ in the quenching system.
207, tension straingtening.
In order to reduce the flexibility of rods and bars of aluminium alloy, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said Quenching Treatment is placed stretching-machine, start stretching-machine and carry out the tension straingtening processing.
208, sampling.
For the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said tension straingtening is handled carries out high power Performance Detection and low power Performance Detection, cut the sample that is used for high power Performance Detection and low power Performance Detection the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said tension straingtening is handled.
209, high Hypoploidy can detect.
Said sample is carried out high power Performance Detection and low power Performance Detection.The high power Performance Detection detects rods and bars of aluminium alloy exactly and whether has burn-off phenomenon, and the low power Performance Detection mainly detects rods and bars of aluminium alloy and whether has defectives such as the coarse grain ring degree of depth is excessive, the tail that contracts, as has above phenomenon, thinks that then product is defective.
If said sample is through said high power Performance Detection and said low power Performance Detection, then carry out follow-up rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said tension straingtening is handled and carry out sawing finished product processed steps, as if not through above-mentioned detection, then need produce rods and bars of aluminium alloy again.
210, sawing finished product.
In order to obtain the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that length meets demand, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said tension straingtening processing is carried out the sawing finished product handle, become the long rods and bars of aluminium alloy sawing of length the rods and bars of aluminium alloy of suitable length.
211, finishing aligning.
In order to make rods and bars of aluminium alloy further up to specification, carry out the finishing straightening processing to not handling the rods and bars of aluminium alloy of eliminating bending through tension straingtening in the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said sawing finished product processing, improve finished product.Finishing straightening processing method comprises that roller rectifys that the machine roller is rectified, pressure is rectified etc.
212, finished product detection.
In order before packing, to check whether product size, surface quality etc. reach standard-required, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said sawing finished product processing and the said finishing straightening processing is carried out finished product detection.
If the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said sawing finished product processing and the said finishing straightening processing is through said finished product detection; Then carrying out follow-up rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said sawing finished product is handled puts into aging furnace and carries out the artificial aging processed steps; If not through above-mentioned detection, then need produce rods and bars of aluminium alloy again.
213, artificial aging.
In order to make the aluminum alloy materials precipitation-hardening, to put into aging furnace through the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the finished product detection and carry out artificial aging and handle said, institution of prescription is insulation 8 hours after temperature rises to 175 ℃.
In the present embodiment related experiment, best institution of prescription is confirmed in research.After the 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy quenches, sample is carried out artificial aging and handle, hardening heat is 540 ℃, and the alloy bar material diameter is φ 70mm, and institution of prescription adopts the commonly used and approaching 4 kinds of institutions of prescription commonly used of 6000 line aluminium alloys, and experimental data sees also table 7.
Table 7
Can know that through data in the table 7 all more than 400MPa, the tensile strength of the rods and bars of aluminium alloy of making under wherein 175 ℃/8 hours the institution of prescription is the highest for the tensile strength that preceding 3 kinds of institutions of prescription obtain.And other institution of prescription all can not be made qualified products, is to be incubated 8 hours after temperature rises to 175 ℃ so confirm the inventive method institution of prescription.
214, Performance Detection.
For whether testing product is qualified, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said artificial aging processing carried out mechanical property detect.The mechanical property test item comprises tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation.For 6A82 aluminium alloy bars section product, it is qualified that its tensile strength >=400MPa is, and only does reference for other two.
215, packing warehouse-in.
If the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said artificial aging is handled detects through mechanical property described in the step 214, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy packing warehouse-in after then said sawing finished product being handled.
The present embodiment method is used to produce the rods and bars of aluminium alloy that alloy designations is 6A82; In its manufacturing approach extruding system, extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃; Extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm; In the quenching system, hardening heat is 540 ℃, rises to 175 ℃ and be incubated 8 hours for temperature in the institution of prescription.Through the 6A82 rods and bars of aluminium alloy that above manufacturing approach is produced, tensile strength is more than or equal to 400MPa, and the coarse grain ring degree of depth is smaller or equal to 5mm.
More than the manufacturing approach of a kind of rods and bars of aluminium alloy provided by the present invention has been carried out detailed introduction; For one of ordinary skill in the art; Thought according to the embodiment of the invention; The part that on the specific embodiment and range of application, all can change, in sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the manufacturing approach of a rods and bars of aluminium alloy is characterized in that, comprising:
The ingot casting of 6000 line aluminium alloys is put into the extruder recipient push, obtain rods and bars of aluminium alloy, extrusion temperature is 520～540 ℃, and the recipient temperature is 460 ℃, and extrusion speed is 1.0～4.0sec/mm;
Said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carry out Quenching Treatment, hardening heat is 540 ℃.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, saidly ingot casting is put into the extruder recipient further comprises step before pushing:
By 6000 line aluminium alloy percentage by weight Si 0.95～1.15%, Fe≤0.30%, Cu 0.40～0.50%; Mn 0.40～0.55%, and Mg 0.85～1.10%, and Cr 0.10～0.20%; Zn≤0.25%, Zr≤0.05%, the Al of Ti 0.01～0.10% and surplus prepares alloy raw material;
Said alloy raw material is put into the graphite crucible melting, and smelting temperature is 740～760 ℃, makes said alloy raw material melt fully, and obtains the melt that composition is evenly distributed;
Said melt is carried out cleaning molten to be handled;
Melt casting after the said cleaning molten processing is become ingot casting, and casting temperature is 730～740 ℃, and casting speed is 100～110mm/min, and casting hydraulic pressure is 0.06～0.12MPa.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, saidly said rods and bars of aluminium alloy is put into glowing furnace carries out further comprising after the Quenching Treatment:
Placing stretching-machine to carry out tension straingtening the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said Quenching Treatment handles;
Rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said tension straingtening processing is carried out the sawing finished product to be handled;
Rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said sawing finished product processing is put into aging furnace carry out the artificial aging processing, institution of prescription is to be incubated 8 hours after temperature rises to 175 ℃.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, saidly places stretching-machine to carry out tension straingtening the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said Quenching Treatment further to comprise step after handling:
Cut the sample that is used for high power Performance Detection and low power Performance Detection the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said tension straingtening is handled;
Said sample is carried out high power Performance Detection and low power Performance Detection;
Execution is said carries out sawing finished product processed steps to the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said tension straingtening processing if said sample through said high power Performance Detection and said low power Performance Detection, then triggers.
5. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said tension straingtening is handled carries out the sawing finished product and further comprises step after handling:
Carry out the finishing straightening processing to not handling the rods and bars of aluminium alloy of eliminating bending through tension straingtening in the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said sawing finished product processing;
Rods and bars of aluminium alloy to after said sawing finished product processing and the said finishing straightening processing carries out finished product detection;
If said sawing finished product handle with said finishing straightening processing after rods and bars of aluminium alloy through said finished product detection, trigger then that execution is said puts into aging furnace with the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said sawing finished product processing and carry out the artificial aging processed steps.
6. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said sawing finished product is handled is put into aging furnace and carried out artificial aging and further comprise step after handling:
Rods and bars of aluminium alloy after the said artificial aging processing is carried out mechanical property to be detected;
If the rods and bars of aluminium alloy after said artificial aging is handled detects through said mechanical property, the rods and bars of aluminium alloy packing warehouse-in after then said sawing finished product being handled.
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