CN106269948B - Large-sized heavy-wall tube hot extrusion extrusion angle of die and strand method for determining size - Google Patents
Large-sized heavy-wall tube hot extrusion extrusion angle of die and strand method for determining size Download PDFInfo
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- CN106269948B CN106269948B CN201610686455.2A CN201610686455A CN106269948B CN 106269948 B CN106269948 B CN 106269948B CN 201610686455 A CN201610686455 A CN 201610686455A CN 106269948 B CN106269948 B CN 106269948B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
- B21C23/085—Making tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
一种大口径厚壁管热挤压凹模锥角及铸坯尺寸确定方法，属于难变形合金钢大口径厚壁无缝钢管热挤压加工成形设计领域，其特征按照如下步骤设计：(1)根据大口径厚壁管热挤压的挤压比λ确定凹模锥角α大小；(2)根据挤压比λ确定铸坯的壁厚b的尺寸；(3)根据大口径厚壁成品管的尺寸：内径2r0，壁厚B，管长H，挤压比λ、凹模锥角α及铸坯的壁厚b确定铸坯的长度h。本发明优点是快速确定无死区最佳凹模锥角，提高挤压制品性能；利用成品管尺寸反推出最优铸坯设计方案，确保成品管尺寸精度，提高了材料利用率。
A method for determining the taper angle of a hot-extruded die with a large-diameter thick-walled pipe and a method for determining the size of a billet, which belongs to the field of hot-extrusion forming design of a large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipe made of hard-to-deform alloy steel, and its features are designed according to the following steps: (1 ) Determine the die cone angle α according to the extrusion ratio λ of large-diameter thick-walled pipe hot extrusion; (2) Determine the size of the wall thickness b of the billet according to the extrusion ratio λ; (3) According to the large-diameter thick-walled finished product Tube size: inner diameter 2r 0 , wall thickness B, tube length H, extrusion ratio λ, die cone angle α and slab wall thickness b determine the length h of the slab. The invention has the advantages of quickly determining the optimal die cone angle without dead zone, improving the performance of extruded products; using the size of the finished tube to reversely deduce the optimal billet design scheme, ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the finished tube and improving the material utilization rate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于难变形合金钢大口径厚壁无缝钢管热挤压加工成形设计领域，具体涉及一种大口径厚壁管热挤压成形过程中凹模锥角及铸坯尺寸的确定方法。The invention belongs to the field of hot extrusion processing and forming design of a large-diameter thick-walled seamless steel pipe of difficult-to-deform alloy steel, and in particular relates to a method for determining the cone angle of a die and the size of a billet during the hot-extrusion forming process of a large-diameter thick-walled pipe.
背景技术Background technique
高合金钢、特种合金钢和难变形合金钢材料的大口径厚壁无缝管是火电、核电、石油化工等行业的关键零件。随着我国大型超临界火电机组、核电机组、石油化工、航空航天、船舶、高铁和军工等行业的快速发展，对大口径厚壁无缝管的需求日益增加，性能要求也日益严苛。专利号：ZL201310025737.4，专利名称“一种厚壁无缝钢管短流程铸挤连续成形的方法”采用高温脱模空心铸坯直接进行挤压生产，其生产流程为：合金熔化—钢液精炼—冒口浇铸环坯—热挤压—热处理—精密整形步骤，该技术流程节约了能源，节省了设备投资，提高了材料利用率和生产效率。在热挤压阶段，挤压凹模锥角的确定是依据工业生产经验；铸坯尺寸的确定是依据金属变形过程中体积不变原理，根据挤压成品的体积计算得出铸坯尺寸。按照上述方法所得凹模锥角，在挤压变形过程的中“死区”无法控制，会产生挤压缩尾，影响金属流动，使得成品管的力学性能和组织分布不均；同时，在确定铸坯尺寸时则因忽略挤压过程凹模锥角区、成品管精整及表面处理时切掉的金属体积，导致按照现有方法计算所得铸坯在加工后，成品管尺寸达不到尺寸要求，造成了材料的浪费。Large-diameter thick-walled seamless pipes made of high-alloy steel, special alloy steel and hard-to-deform alloy steel are key parts in thermal power, nuclear power, petrochemical and other industries. With the rapid development of my country's large-scale supercritical thermal power units, nuclear power units, petrochemical, aerospace, shipbuilding, high-speed rail and military industries, the demand for large-diameter thick-walled seamless pipes is increasing, and the performance requirements are becoming increasingly stringent. Patent No.: ZL201310025737.4, patent name "a short-process casting extrusion continuous forming method for thick-walled seamless steel tubes" adopts high-temperature demoulding hollow billet for direct extrusion production, and its production process is: alloy melting - molten steel refining -Riser casting ring billet-hot extrusion-heat treatment-precision shaping steps, this technical process saves energy, saves equipment investment, and improves material utilization and production efficiency. In the hot extrusion stage, the determination of the cone angle of the extrusion die is based on industrial production experience; the determination of the billet size is based on the principle of volume invariance during metal deformation, and the billet size is calculated based on the volume of the extruded product. The die cone angle obtained by the above method cannot be controlled in the "dead zone" during the extrusion deformation process, which will cause extrusion tailing, affect the metal flow, and make the mechanical properties and structure distribution of the finished pipe uneven; at the same time, when determining the casting In terms of billet size, due to the neglect of the cone angle area of the die in the extrusion process, the metal volume cut off during the finishing and surface treatment of the finished tube, the size of the finished tube after processing calculated according to the existing method cannot meet the size requirements , resulting in a waste of material.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种大口径厚壁管热挤压凹模锥角及铸坯尺寸确定方法，可以有效解决现有技术在铸坯尺寸确定上存在的缺陷。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the taper angle of the die for hot extrusion of large-diameter thick-walled pipes and the size of the billet, which can effectively solve the defects in the determination of the size of the billet in the prior art.
本发明的目的是这样实现的，其特征是按照如下步骤设计：The object of the present invention is achieved in that it is characterized in that it is designed according to the following steps:
(1)如图1所示，根据大口径厚壁管热挤压的挤压比λ确定凹模锥角α大小，即：(1) As shown in Figure 1, the size of the cone angle α of the die is determined according to the extrusion ratio λ of the hot extrusion of the large-diameter thick-walled pipe, namely:
(2)因为在热挤压过程中，成品管和铸坯内径尺寸一致，所以根据挤压比λ确定铸坯的壁厚b的尺寸，即：(2) Because in the hot extrusion process, the inner diameter of the finished tube and the cast slab are the same, the size of the wall thickness b of the cast slab is determined according to the extrusion ratio λ, namely:
式中，B为大口径厚壁管成品的壁厚；2r0为大口径厚壁管成品的内径。In the formula, B is the wall thickness of the finished large-diameter thick-walled pipe; 2r 0 is the inner diameter of the finished large-diameter thick-walled pipe.
(3)如图2所示，根据大口径厚壁管成品的尺寸：内径为2r0，壁厚为B，管长为H，挤压比为λ、凹模锥角α及铸坯壁厚b，确定铸坯长度h，即：(3) As shown in Figure 2, according to the size of the finished large-diameter thick-walled pipe: the inner diameter is 2r 0 , the wall thickness is B, the pipe length is H, the extrusion ratio is λ, the die cone angle α and the billet wall thickness b. Determine the length h of the slab, namely:
本发明优点及积极效果为：利用本发明的设计方法，可以利用挤压比λ快速推导出无死区最佳凹模锥角大小，提高挤压成品管性能和质量；利用挤压比和成品管的壁厚确定铸坯壁厚，利用挤压成品管的尺寸、挤压比和凹模锥角大小确定铸坯高度，提高了设计效率，为铸坯尺寸的设计提供严谨的理论依据。本发明的设计方法不仅为大口径厚壁管铸坯设计提供了最优节材方案，也为成品性能的改善和提高提供了基础。The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: using the design method of the present invention, the optimal die cone angle without dead zone can be quickly deduced by using the extrusion ratio λ, and the performance and quality of the extruded finished tube can be improved; The wall thickness of the tube determines the wall thickness of the slab, and the height of the slab is determined by the size of the extruded finished tube, the extrusion ratio and the cone angle of the die, which improves the design efficiency and provides a rigorous theoretical basis for the design of the slab size. The design method of the invention not only provides an optimal material-saving scheme for the design of the large-caliber thick-walled pipe slab, but also provides a basis for improving the performance of the finished product.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为凹模锥角α示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the die cone angle α.
图2为大口径厚壁管成品结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the finished structure of the large-diameter thick-walled pipe.
图3为大口径厚壁管铸坯结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-diameter thick-walled pipe billet.
图中：1—芯棒；2—凹模；α—凹模锥角；B—大口径厚壁管成品的壁厚；2r0—大口径厚壁管成品的内径；H—大口径厚壁管成品的管长；b—铸坯的壁厚；h—铸坯的管长。In the figure: 1—mandrel; 2—die; α—cone angle of die; B—wall thickness of finished large-diameter thick-walled pipe; 2r 0 —inner diameter of large-diameter thick-walled pipe; H—large-diameter thick-walled pipe The tube length of the finished tube; b—the wall thickness of the slab; h—the tube length of the slab.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1、2及3所示，已知成品管尺寸为：内径2r0＝520mm、壁厚B＝100mm、管长H＝12000mm，热挤压工艺中挤压比λ＝9。As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the dimensions of the finished pipe are known to be: inner diameter 2r 0 =520mm, wall thickness B=100mm, pipe length H=12000mm, extrusion ratio λ=9 in the hot extrusion process.
①按照公式(1)确定凹模锥角α：① Determine the die cone angle α according to the formula (1):
把λ＝9代入(1)，计算得α＝77.8°。Substitute λ=9 into (1), and calculate α=77.8°.
②按照公式(2)确定铸坯壁厚b：②Determine the billet wall thickness b according to the formula (2):
把λ＝9、r0＝260mm、B＝100mm代入(2)，计算得b＝531mmSubstitute λ=9, r 0 =260mm, B=100mm into (2), and calculate b=531mm
③按照公式(3)确定铸坯高度h：③Determine the billet height h according to the formula (3):
把tanα＝-0.964、B＝100mm、H＝12000mm、r0＝260mm、b＝531mm代入(3)，Substitute tanα=-0.964, B=100mm, H=12000mm, r 0 =260mm, b=531mm into (3),
计算得h＝1040mm。It is calculated that h=1040mm.
最终确定凹模锥角α＝77.8°，铸坯的内径2r0＝520mm、铸坯的壁厚b＝531mm、铸坯的管长h＝1040mm。Finally, it is determined that the cone angle of the die is α=77.8°, the inner diameter of the slab 2r 0 =520mm, the wall thickness of the slab b=531mm, and the pipe length h of the slab=1040mm.
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| EP0073101B1 (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1985-01-16 | BICC Public Limited Company | Friction-actuated extrusion |
| CN2075559U (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1991-04-24 | 刘连生 | Single-acting direct seamless pipe extrusion machine |
| EP0739662A1 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-10-30 | Valery Nikolaevich Shcherba | Friction-assisted hot extrusion method for producing hollow articles and a hydraulic press for carrying out said method |
| CN1966169A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2007-05-23 | 钱宗富 | Method for extruding and stretching short pipe to long pipe and its cold extrusion device |
| CN101549361A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-10-07 | 重庆大学 | Rare-earth magnesium alloy seamless thin wall tubule hot-extrusion method and its specialized mold |
| CN102319756A (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-01-18 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy |
| CN103639220A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-19 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Extrusion forming method of nickel alloy tube blank |
| CN104785564A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-22 | 太原科技大学 | Method for confirming size of hollow casting blank for extrusion moulding of large-caliber thick-walled tube |
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- 2016-08-18 CN CN201610686455.2A patent/CN106269948B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0073101B1 (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1985-01-16 | BICC Public Limited Company | Friction-actuated extrusion |
| CN2075559U (en) * | 1990-05-10 | 1991-04-24 | 刘连生 | Single-acting direct seamless pipe extrusion machine |
| EP0739662A1 (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-10-30 | Valery Nikolaevich Shcherba | Friction-assisted hot extrusion method for producing hollow articles and a hydraulic press for carrying out said method |
| CN1966169A (en) * | 2006-11-10 | 2007-05-23 | 钱宗富 | Method for extruding and stretching short pipe to long pipe and its cold extrusion device |
| CN101549361A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-10-07 | 重庆大学 | Rare-earth magnesium alloy seamless thin wall tubule hot-extrusion method and its specialized mold |
| CN102319756A (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2012-01-18 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing approach of rods and bars of aluminium alloy |
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| CN104785564A (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-22 | 太原科技大学 | Method for confirming size of hollow casting blank for extrusion moulding of large-caliber thick-walled tube |
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