CN102310183B - High wear resisting iron-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High wear resisting iron-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102310183B CN102310183B CN2011102618344A CN201110261834A CN102310183B CN 102310183 B CN102310183 B CN 102310183B CN 2011102618344 A CN2011102618344 A CN 2011102618344A CN 201110261834 A CN201110261834 A CN 201110261834A CN 102310183 B CN102310183 B CN 102310183B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high wear resisting iron-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: 1) large-size electric smelting zirconium corundum particles are used; 2) the electric smelting zirconium corundum particles are prepared into zirconium corundum particle ceramic blocks and cooled for standby application; 3) the obtained zirconium corundum particle ceramic blocks are arranged on the top of a resin sand mould cavity for an infiltration casting process, and a box is opened to take out pieces; and 4) heat treatment is carried out on the obtained zirconium corundum particle enhanced iron-based composite material. The method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages: 1, the process is simple and can be realized through an ordinary casting method, and the thickness of the composite layer can be adjusted in a wider range; 2, air holes and slag inclusion in the production process of the composite material can be effectively avoided; and 3, the production process is mechanized easily, the production cost is low, and the production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iron base composite material and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of high abrasion iron base composite material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Rich chromium cast iron has very high hardness and certain toughness, in industries such as mine, metallurgy, building materials and chemical industry, is used widely.The researcher is in the mechanical property and the wearability that improve rich chromium cast iron and enlarge its application facet and done many work, and has obtained effect preferably.Yet also there are deficiencies such as the rate of wear is fast, the replacement cycle is short in rich chromium cast iron when on products such as coal pulverizer liner plate, using.Exploitation high abrasion Fe-base surface compound material is one of important channel that remedies above-mentioned deficiency.Fe-base surface compound material; Normally use the surface cast-infiltration complex technique; Generate the composite-material abrasive layer of 3～10 millimeters thick on ordinary carbon steel, casting pig or nodular iron casting surface; Keeping whole foundry goods composition and organizing under the constant condition, at the special wear-resisting position of needs or local surfaces generate certain thickness wear-resisting especially composite bed.Foundry goods has not only kept higher intensity and toughness, and can satisfy special wear-resisting requirement, and its wearability can reach the rich chromium cast iron that surpasses far away.
The surface cast-infiltration complex technique by having or not pressure can be divided into pressure infiltration and not having pressures-negative pressure infiltration, comprises that the pressure casting is oozed, the activation casting is oozed, common sand mold casting infiltration, centrifugal casting ooze, negative pressure is cast and oozed etc.The pressure infiltration is similar to extrusion casint, extrusion casint under mechanical pressure, or utilize gases at high pressure to act on middle low temperature (below the 900 ℃) molten metal; There is not the effect that the infiltration of pressure/negative pressure utilizes capillary force; Make molten metal spontaneously soaring in the ceramics preparative body, occupy the space of hole, and with the interface strong bonded of pottery; This just requires between metal and the pottery is complete wetting; And the general wetability with pottery of ferroalloy liquation is poor, therefore, only utilizes the infiltration of nothing pressure/negative pressure not to be suitable for preparation pottery/ferroalloy composite usually.
The activation infiltration utilizes active element to improve the wetability between pottery and the molten metal through in ceramic body, adding active element such as Ti and Cr etc.Like this, under the effect of active element, the molten metal infiltration can be carried out under the effect of capillary force.This process form is flexible, than the volume fraction that is easier to control ceramic body in the composite, ceramic body structure and spatial distribution etc., can prepare the composite of complicated shape, but that disadvantage is this process economy is poor slightly.More above-mentioned preparation method; If will obtain pottery/ferrous alloy composite, under the prerequisite of improving the wetability between ferroalloy and the pottery, adopting nothing pressure-negative pressure activation Infiltration Technics is feasible method; But be not best technology, therefore need further research.
The technical process of common sand mold casting infiltration is: the alloy powder that configures and binding agent, flux are mixed with paste and are coated in the needing on the position of mold cavity surface, treat to pour into a mould after the casting mold drying.Hang surface alloying coating or adhere to the cream piece that alloyed powder is processed because common sand mold casting infiltration need be coated with on the die cavity inwall, and there is complex manufacturing technology in the cream piece, lays fixedly problems such as difficulty and position limitation are big, therefore operation inconvenience extremely.The outstanding problem that this method exists: the one, pore and slag inclusion are difficult to remove, pore and slag inclusion are mainly derived from binding agent and flux and are heated and gasify and scorification, and powder coating or the space of pressed compact own the gas that adsorbs with gas and powder; The another one problem is to seem powerless for the preparation that composite bed is oozed in enhanced granule and the relatively poor casting of matrix wettability, and this just need take to improve the wetability between particle and matrix or apply external force to permeate to powder bed to force molten metal.Except that above weak point, also there are shortcomings such as alloying layer thickness is little, cost height in common sand mold casting infiltration.The existence of these problems makes this technology be used to the engineer testing of small lot more, and is difficult to realize large-scale industrial production.
Summary of the invention
The present invention to provide a kind of and has helped rich chromium cast iron molten iron infiltration in order to overcome the above problems, process implementing is easy, composite bed thickness is adjustable, improve the preparation method of the high abrasion iron base composite material of abrasion resistance properties.
The present invention also provides a kind of high abrasion iron base composite material of said method preparation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise the steps:
1) selecting particle diameter for use is the large scale electric smelting fused alumina zirconia particle of 2.0-4.0mm, and the chemical component weight ratio of said particle is: 21-28wt%Al, 29-33wt%Zr, and all the other are O, the hardness of particle is HRC70-75;
2) waterglass with above-mentioned AZS particle and 2.5-3.5wt% is mixed together, and adds the Ti powder of 0.5-1wt%, the borax of 1-1.5wt% while mixing; Mix the back in die for molding, through 150-250 ℃ of oven dry 40-50min, adopt supporting plate at 790-810 ℃ of following sintering 30min after the demoulding, make fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, the cooling of coming out of the stove immediately is for use;
3) technology of infiltration casting is carried out at the top that the fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece of above-mentioned gained is placed on the resin bonded sand mould die cavity; Leave a little scum riser in the sand mold on ceramic block top; Molten steel pouring temperature is brought up to above 150-200 ℃ of the common sand casting temperature of rich chromium cast iron; Be 1540-1590 ℃, 24h is cooled off in the cast back in sand mold, the pickup of unpacking.
4) the fused alumina zirconia particle enhancing iron base composite material of above-mentioned gained is heat-treated, its technology is: 1050 ℃ * 4h-air quenching-250 ℃ * 4h-air coolings.
Described rich chromium cast iron is that C content is 3.1-3.6 wt %, contains Cr amount and be the wear resistant cast iron of 20-25wt % that the hardness after the heat treatment is HRC55-60.
Leave the hexagon molten iron flow channel of average diameter 9-12mm on the described fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, guarantee that to guarantee that molten iron flows molten iron is not more than 5mm in the degree of depth that each part actual needs of ceramic block infiltrates.
Described little scum riser is a blind riser of in the sand mold on ceramic block top, reserving the molten iron that can hold the long-pending 1/4-1/3 of fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic block, and exhaust passage is smoothly arranged.
The present invention proposes to adopt large scale electric smelting fused alumina zirconia particle to process strong phase prefabricated section, prepares the fused alumina zirconia particle through technology of infiltration casting then and strengthens the rich chromium cast iron based surface composite material, and its principle is: the fused alumina zirconia quality is tough and tensile; Compact structure; Intensity is high, and thermal shock resistance is good, hardness (Mohs) >=9.0; Be only second to diamond, maximum operation (service) temperature reaches 1900 ℃.Simultaneously, fused alumina zirconia refractory body aggressivity is good, has good self-sharpening; With large scale electric smelting fused alumina zirconia particle as enhanced granule; Self-sharpening and the hardness that not only has AZS is high, the characteristics of good toughness, and helps the infiltration of rich chromium cast iron molten iron, and casting technique realizes easily; Simultaneously, the existence of chromium in the rich chromium cast iron matrix alloy can effectively improve wetability between molten iron and the fused alumina zirconia particle, and because its higher relatively wearability can be avoided the matrix rapid wear, guarantees the effective support of matrix to the fused alumina zirconia particle.
The inventive method has following advantage:
1, technology is easy, can realize through the conventional cast method, and composite bed thickness can be regulated in a big way;
2, can effectively avoid pore and slag inclusion in the composite production process;
3, production process is easy to realize mechanization, and production cost is low, and production efficiency is high.
The specific embodiment
Employed in the present invention term only if other explanation is arranged, generally has the implication of those of ordinary skills' common sense.Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be understood that these embodiment just in order to demonstrate the invention, but not limit scope of the present invention by any way.In following embodiment, various processes and the method do not described in detail are conventional methods as known in the art.
Embodiment 1
Selecting the particle diameter through explained hereafter such as electric smelting, casting, fragmentation, screenings for use is the AZS particle of 2.0mm, and its chemical component weight ratio is: 21wt%Al, 33wt%Zr, and all the other are O, the hardness of particle is about HRC75; The C content of rich chromium cast iron is 3.1wt %, contains the Cr amount and is 25wt%, and the hardness after the heat treatment can reach HRC60.
With the AZS particle of the 2.0mm that selected for use, be mixed together with the waterglass of 3.5wt%, add the Ti powder of 1wt%, the borax of 1.5wt% while mixing; Mix the back in die for molding, through 150 ℃ of oven dry 50min, adopt supporting plate in 810 ℃ of sintering 30min after the demoulding, make fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, the cooling of coming out of the stove immediately is for use.Reserve the hexagon molten iron flow channel of average diameter 12mm on the ceramic block, the ceramic particle bed thickness 6mm between the adjacent hexagon flows to guarantee molten iron.Ceramic block is placed on the top of resin bonded sand mould die cavity; And in the sand mold on ceramic block top, reserve the blind riser of the molten iron that can hold fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic block long-pending 1/3 and exhaust passage smoothly; Molten steel pouring temperature is brought up to 1590 ℃, and 24h is cooled off in the cast back in sand mold, the pickup of unpacking; The fused alumina zirconia particle that casts out is strengthened iron base composite material heat-treat, its technology is: 1050 ℃ * 4h-air quenching-250 ℃ * 4h-air coolings.
Rich chromium cast iron after adopting emery wheel to heat treatment and the iron base composite material after the heat treatment carry out the polishing machine contrast, find that the volume wear of iron base composite material is merely 25% of rich chromium cast iron in uniform pressure (15Kg) 30min wearing and tearing down.This embodiment is a preferred forms.
Embodiment 2
Selecting the particle diameter through explained hereafter such as electric smelting, casting, fragmentation, screenings for use is the AZS particle of 2.5mm, and its chemical component weight ratio is: 24wt%Al, 31wt%Zr, and all the other are O, the hardness of particle is about HRC73; The C content of rich chromium cast iron is 3.6wt %, contains the Cr amount and is 20wt%, and the hardness after the heat treatment can reach HRC55.
With the AZS particle of the 2.5mm that selected for use, be mixed together with the waterglass of 3.0wt%, add the Ti powder of 0.7wt%, the borax of 1.2wt% while mixing; Mix the back in die for molding, through 2000 ℃ of oven dry 45min, adopt supporting plate in 800 ℃ of sintering 30min after the demoulding, make fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, the cooling of coming out of the stove immediately is for use.Reserve the circular molten iron flow channel of average diameter 11mm on the ceramic block, the ceramic particle bed thickness 7mm between the adjacent circular passage flows to guarantee molten iron.Ceramic block is placed on the top of resin bonded sand mould die cavity, and in the sand mold on ceramic block top, reserves the blind riser of the molten iron that can hold fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic block long-pending 1/4 and exhaust passage smoothly.Molten steel pouring temperature is brought up to 1560 ℃, and 24h is cooled off in the cast back in sand mold, and the pickup of unpacking strengthens iron base composite material to the fused alumina zirconia particle that casts out and heat-treats, and its technology is: 1050 ℃ * 4h-air quenching-250 ℃ * 4h-air coolings.
Rich chromium cast iron after adopting emery wheel to heat treatment and the iron base composite material after the heat treatment carry out the polishing machine contrast, find that the volume wear of iron base composite material is merely 30% of rich chromium cast iron in uniform pressure (15Kg) 30min wearing and tearing down.
Embodiment 3
Selecting the particle diameter through explained hereafter such as electric smelting, casting, fragmentation, screenings for use is the AZS particle of 4.0mm, and its chemical component weight ratio is: 28wt%Al, 29wt%Zr, and all the other are O, the hardness of particle is about HRC70; The C content of rich chromium cast iron is 3.3wt %, contains the Cr amount and is 23wt%, and the hardness after the heat treatment can reach HRC60.
With the AZS particle of the 4.0mm that selected for use, be mixed together with the waterglass of 2.5wt%, add the Ti powder of 0.5wt%, the borax of 1.0wt% while mixing; Mix the back in die for molding, through 250 ℃ of oven dry 40min, adopt supporting plate in 790 ℃ of sintering 30min after the demoulding, make fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, the cooling of coming out of the stove immediately is for use.Reserve the hexagon molten iron flow channel of average diameter 9mm on the ceramic block, the ceramic particle bed thickness 8mm between the adjacent hexagonal channels flows to guarantee molten iron.Ceramic block is placed on the top of resin bonded sand mould die cavity, and in the sand mold on ceramic block top, reserves the blind riser of the molten iron that can hold fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic block long-pending 1/3 and exhaust passage smoothly.Molten steel pouring temperature is brought up to 1540 ℃, and 24h is cooled off in the cast back in sand mold, the pickup of unpacking.The fused alumina zirconia particle that casts out is strengthened iron base composite material heat-treat, its technology is: 1050 ℃ * 4h-air quenching-250 ℃ * 4h-air coolings.
Rich chromium cast iron after adopting emery wheel to heat treatment and the iron base composite material after the heat treatment carry out the polishing machine contrast, find that the volume wear of iron base composite material is merely 28% of rich chromium cast iron in uniform pressure (15Kg) 30min wearing and tearing down.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of a high abrasion iron base composite material is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) selecting particle diameter for use is the large scale electric smelting fused alumina zirconia particle of 2.0-4.0mm, and the chemical component weight ratio of said particle is: 21-28wt%Al, 29-33wt%Zr, and all the other are O, the hardness of particle is HRC70-75;
2) waterglass with above-mentioned AZS particle and 2.5-3.5wt% is mixed together, and adds the Ti powder of 0.5-1wt%, the borax of 1-1.5wt% while mixing; Mix the back in die for molding, through 150-250 ℃ of oven dry 40-50min, adopt supporting plate at 790-810 ℃ of following sintering 30min after the demoulding, make fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, the cooling of coming out of the stove immediately is for use;
3) technology of infiltration casting is carried out at the top that the fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece of above-mentioned gained is placed on the resin bonded sand mould die cavity; Leave a little scum riser in the sand mold on ceramic block top; Molten steel pouring temperature is brought up to above 150-200 ℃ of the common sand casting temperature of rich chromium cast iron; Be 1540-1590 ℃, 24h is cooled off in the cast back in sand mold, the pickup of unpacking;
4) the fused alumina zirconia particle enhancing iron base composite material of above-mentioned gained is heat-treated, its technology is: 1050 ℃ * 4h-air quenching-250 ℃ * 4h-air coolings.
2. the preparation method of a kind of high abrasion iron base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rich chromium cast iron is that C content is 3.1-3.6 wt %, contains Cr amount and be the wear resistant cast iron of 20-25wt % that the hardness after the heat treatment is HRC55-60.
3. the preparation method of a kind of high abrasion iron base composite material according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: leave the hexagon molten iron flow channel of average diameter 9-12mm on the described fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic piece, guarantee that to guarantee that molten iron flows molten iron is not more than 5mm in the degree of depth that each part actual needs of ceramic block infiltrates.
4. the preparation method of a kind of high abrasion iron base composite material according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: described little scum riser is a blind riser of in the sand mold on ceramic block top, reserving the molten iron that can hold the long-pending 1/4-1/3 of fused alumina zirconia particulate ceramic block, and exhaust passage is smoothly arranged.
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| CN102861905B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-07-08 | 康闻端 | Preparation method of aluminum oxide metal ceramic reinforced iron-based composite |
| CN102921925B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for reducing pouring temperature of iron-based surface composite material |
| CN105689642A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 扬州电力设备修造厂有限公司 | Preparation method for common casting iron-based ceramic composite vertical grinding roller |
| CN105838986A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-08-10 | 安徽鑫宏机械有限公司 | Casting method of scum gate valve body for mining |
| CN107138241A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-08 | 扬州电力设备修造厂有限公司 | A kind of wear-resisting composite liner and preparation method thereof |
| CN107096904B (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-04-26 | 扬州电力设备修造厂有限公司 | A method of producing wear-resisting composite liner |
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| JP5008013B2 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-22 | 株式会社三共 | Game equipment |
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| JPS60155579A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-15 | イビデン株式会社 | Ceramic-casted metal composite body and manufacture |
| JPH058013A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1993-01-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for casting with inserted ceramic |
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| US6193915B1 (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-02-27 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources | Process for fabricating low volume fraction metal matrix preforms |
| CN1281053A (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2001-01-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | Process for preparing ceramic-phase diffusion enhanced alloy and particle enhanced metal-base composition |
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| JP5008013B2 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2012-08-22 | 株式会社三共 | Game equipment |
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