CN109396395B - Iron-based composite grinding roller and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Iron-based composite grinding roller and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109396395B CN109396395B CN201811600225.5A CN201811600225A CN109396395B CN 109396395 B CN109396395 B CN 109396395B CN 201811600225 A CN201811600225 A CN 201811600225A CN 109396395 B CN109396395 B CN 109396395B
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(chloromethyl)-4-[4-(chloromethyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(CCl)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(CCl)C=C1 INZDTEICWPZYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/04—Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/38—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for roll bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based composite grinding roller, which belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and the invention controls the type, dosage ratio and preparation method of raw materials to prepare a ceramic reinforcement comprising a ceramic hard phase and non-hard phase iron, wherein the ceramic hard phase contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide, thereby solving the problems that ceramic particles with high components (more than 50 percent) and small particle sizes (less than 1000 mu m) are dispersed on the wall of a steel material, solving the problem that the ceramic reinforcement is easy to break by high-temperature steel liquid scouring, eliminating the defects of pores, slag inclusion, cracks and the like easily generated in the later casting and compounding process of the ceramic reinforcement, obviously reducing the defects of the prepared iron-based composite grinding roller and improving the wear resistance. The data of the embodiment shows that the iron-based composite grinding roller provided by the invention has excellent wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to an iron-based composite grinding roller and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The metal material is the most important engineering material, and 90% of the metal material is steel, and the steel material has the characteristics of low price, rich resources, superior performance, easiness in realizing large-scale production and the like, and is widely used. How to improve the performance of the steel material also becomes the target of research of numerous scholars at home and abroad, and one important research direction is the development and application of the iron-based composite material. The low-density, high-rigidity and high-strength reinforcement particles are added into the steel matrix to prepare the particle reinforced steel-based composite material, so that the elastic modulus, hardness, wear resistance and high-temperature performance of the material are improved while the density of the material is reduced, and the particle reinforced steel-based composite material is widely applied to the industrial fields of wear-resistant parts and the like.
Fine powders of hard ceramics, e.g. ZrO2、Al2O3And WC and other densified micro powder with hardness generally higher than that of steel material, and is ideal steel-base composite material reinforced particle. Research shows that the composite material with smaller particle size has higher yield stress, and under the working conditions of friction, abrasion and the like, the volume fraction of reinforced particles of an abrasion working surface is generally required to be more than 50%, and the conventional preparation process is difficult to realize.
Zhao san Mei et al reported that 2-3 mmZTA ceramic particle reinforced steel-based composite material can be prepared (see preparation and wear performance research of ZTA/high-chromium cast iron-based composite material, Zhao san Mei et al, casting technology 2011,32(12): 1673-. CN1297798A discloses that a reinforcement blank is prepared, and then a casting sintering technology is used to sinter and densify the green compact adhered to the wall of the casting mold by using the heat of high-temperature molten steel or molten iron in the casting process and perform a high-temperature chemical reaction, so as to form a surface composite material layer with a smooth surface and a stable thickness on the surface of the casting. And (3) utilizing the heat in the molten iron mold filling process to generate VC, TiC and the like in situ in the reinforcement body and simultaneously complete the interface metallurgical bonding of the reinforcement body and the matrix. However, this method has three problems with reinforcement: 1) the internal reaction is violent, the heat and volume fluctuation is huge, the defects of shrinkage cavity, stress concentration and the like appear on the interface of the reinforcement and the matrix, and a large amount of initial crack sources are formed because the molten iron casting and filling time is short, the ferroalloy is rapidly solidified, and internal air holes, stress and the like cannot be discharged or released in a short time; 2) the steel is easy to collapse when being washed in high-temperature steel liquid; 3) under the condition of short casting and mold filling time, the heat capacity causes incomplete reaction of the added graphite, graphite point defects remain in the casting, and the mechanical property of the material is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an iron-based composite grinding roller and a method for manufacturing the same. The invention improves the content of hard phase in the reinforcement, so that ceramic particles with small particle size (less than 1000 mu m) are dispersed and distributed on the barrier of the steel material, simultaneously the defects of air holes, slag inclusion, cracks and the like which are easily generated in the later casting and compounding process of the reinforcement are eliminated, and the wear resistance of the iron-based composite grinding roller is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a preparation method of an iron-based composite grinding roller comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials to obtain mixed micro powder, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10-60% of hard ceramic powder, 10-22% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder, 2-4.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 1-2.5% of titanium carbide powder, 1.5-3.5% of nickel powder and 25-70% of reduced iron powder;
(2) mixing the mixed micro powder obtained in the step (1) with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product;
(3) drying the ball-milled product obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out isostatic pressing to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body blank;
(4) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the ceramic reinforcement body blank obtained in the step (3) to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body;
(5) fixing the ceramic reinforcement obtained in the step (4) in a grinding roller sand mold, and then casting a steel melt to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
(6) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank obtained in the step (5) to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
Preferably, the hard ceramic powder in the step (1) has an average particle size of less than 1000 μm.
Preferably, the hard ceramic powder in the step (1) comprises Al2O3·ZrO2Complex phase ceramic micropowder and/or ZrO2And (5) micro-powder.
Preferably, the pressure of isostatic pressing in the step (3) is 180-300 MPa, and the dwell time of isostatic pressing is 0.5-1 h.
Preferably, the temperature of hot-pressing sintering in the step (4) is 1230-1550 ℃, the pressure of hot-pressing sintering is 20-50 MPa, and the time of hot-pressing sintering is 0.5-2 h.
Preferably, the ball milling time in the step (2) is 12-36 h, and the rotation speed of the ball milling is 100-300 rpm.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step (3) is 100-250 ℃, and the drying time is 2-5 h.
Preferably, the casting temperature in the step (4) is 1350-1500 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment in the step (6) is 940-980 ℃ and the time is 1-2 h.
The invention also provides the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based composite grinding roller, which comprises the following steps of mixing raw materials to obtain mixed micro powder: 10-60% of hard ceramic powder, 10-22% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder, 2-4.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 1-2.5% of titanium carbide powder, 1.5-3.5% of nickel powder and 25-70% of reduced iron powder; mixing the mixed micro powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product; drying the ball-milled product and then carrying out isostatic pressing to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body blank; hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic reinforcement body blank to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body; fixing the ceramic reinforcement body in a grinding roller sand mold, and then casting a steel melt to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank; and carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller. Compared with the casting sintering method, the invention leads VC and Cr in the ceramic reinforcement to be added by the hot-pressing sintering process7C3The synthetic reaction of the equal reinforcing phase occurs in the process link, so that the heat absorption and release of the material, the shrinkage and expansion of the volume and the like occur in advance, and the problems of residual air hole defect of the composite material, overlarge interface residual stress, incomplete reaction, non-ideal product performance and the like caused by short-time physicochemical transformation in the casting process are avoided; compared with a gravity or pressure casting infiltration method, the prepared ceramic reinforcement has uniform pores, and the steel melt can be infiltrated better; compared with the stirring-centrifugal casting method, the agglomeration phenomenon of the ceramic particles is avoided, and the particle diameters of the ceramic particles are uniformThe uniform distribution is beneficial to industrial application; meanwhile, the invention has low cost, high mechanization degree, adaptability to large-scale production and very wide popularization prospect. According to the invention, by controlling the types, the dosage ratio and the preparation method of the raw materials, the prepared ceramic reinforcement comprises a ceramic hard phase and non-hard phase iron, the ceramic hard phase contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide, on one hand, the problem that ceramic particles with high components (more than 50%) and small particle sizes (less than 1000 mu m) are dispersed and distributed on the wall of a steel material is solved, on the other hand, the problem that the ceramic reinforcement is easy to break away when the ceramic reinforcement is washed by high-temperature steel liquid is solved, and simultaneously, the defects of pores, slag inclusion, cracks and the like easily generated in the later casting and compounding process of the ceramic reinforcement are eliminated, so that the defects of the prepared iron-based composite grinding roller are obviously reduced, and the wear resistance is improved. The data of the embodiment shows that the wear resistance of the iron-based composite grinding roller provided by the invention is improved by 2-2.5 times compared with the grinding roller prepared from an iron matrix.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of an iron-based composite grinding roller, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials to obtain mixed micro powder, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10-60% of hard ceramic powder, 10-22% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder, 2-4.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 1-2.5% of titanium carbide powder, 1.5-3.5% of nickel powder and 25-70% of reduced iron powder;
(2) mixing the mixed micro powder obtained in the step (1) with absolute ethyl alcohol, and then carrying out ball milling to obtain a ball-milled product;
(3) drying the ball-milled product obtained in the step (2), and then carrying out isostatic pressing to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body blank;
(4) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the ceramic reinforcement body blank obtained in the step (3) to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body;
(5) fixing the ceramic reinforcement obtained in the step (4) in a grinding roller sand mold, and then casting a steel melt to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
(6) and (4) carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank obtained in the step (5) to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
The invention mixes raw materials to obtain mixed micro powder, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10-60% of hard ceramic powder, 10-22% of high-carbon ferrochrome powder, 2-4.5% of ferrovanadium powder, 1-2.5% of titanium carbide powder, 1.5-3.5% of nickel powder and 25-70% of reduced iron powder.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of the hard ceramic powder in the raw material is preferably 45%. In the present invention, the hard ceramic powder preferably has an average particle diameter of less than 1000 μm, more preferably less than 900 μm.
In the present invention, the hard ceramic powder preferably includes Al2O3·ZrO2Complex phase ceramic micropowder and/or ZrO2And (5) micro-powder. In the invention, the Al is2O3·ZrO2Composite ceramic micropowder and ZrO2The source of the fine powder is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of the high-carbon ferrochrome powder in the raw material is preferably 17.6%. In the present invention, the high-carbon ferrochrome powder preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.0-10.0% of C, 62-72% of Cr and 20-35% of Fe. The source of the high-carbon ferrochrome powder in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of the ferrovanadium powder in the raw material is preferably 3.6%. In the invention, the ferrovanadium powder preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-65% of V and 35-65% of Fe. The source of the ferrovanadium powder in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of the titanium carbide powder in the raw material is preferably 1.8%. The source of the titanium carbide powder is not particularly limited in the present invention, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of the nickel powder in the raw material is preferably 2%. The source of the nickel powder in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the percentage by weight of the reduced iron powder in the raw material is preferably 30%. The source of the fine reduced iron in the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
After the mixed micro powder is obtained, the mixed micro powder is mixed with absolute ethyl alcohol and then ball-milled to obtain a ball-milled product. In the invention, the time of ball milling is preferably 12-36 h, and the rotation speed of ball milling is preferably 100-300 rpm.
In the present invention, the amount ratio of the mixed fine powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is preferably 100 g: 40-60 mL.
After a ball-milling product is obtained, the ball-milling product is dried and then is subjected to isostatic pressing to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body blank. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 100-250 ℃, more preferably 150 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 2-5 h, more preferably 3 h. In the present invention, the drying is preferably performed in a vacuum drying oven.
In the invention, the pressure of the isostatic pressing is preferably 180-300 MPa, more preferably 250MPa, and the dwell time of the isostatic pressing is preferably 0.5-1 h.
After the ceramic reinforcement body blank is obtained, the ceramic reinforcement body blank is sintered in a hot pressing mode to obtain the ceramic reinforcement body.
In the invention, the temperature of the hot-pressing sintering is preferably 1230-1550 ℃, more preferably 1250 ℃, the pressure of the hot-pressing sintering is preferably 20-50 MPa, more preferably 30MPa, and the time of the hot-pressing sintering is preferably 0.5-2 h, more preferably 1 h. The invention leads VC and Cr in the ceramic reinforcement to be in the shape of a ceramic tube by a hot-pressing sintering process7C3The synthesis reaction of the equal reinforced phases occurs in the process link, so that the heat absorption and release of the material, the shrinkage and expansion of the volume and the like occur in advance, and the problems of residual air hole defect of the composite material, overlarge interface residual stress, incomplete reaction, non-ideal product performance and the like caused by short-time physical and chemical transformation in the casting process are solved.
In the present invention, the ceramic reinforcement includes a ceramic hard phase and a non-hard phase of iron. In the present invention, the ceramic hard phase preferably contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, and chromium carbide. In the present invention, the shape of the ceramic reinforcement is preferably matched to the region where the member is to be laminated, and more preferably is a strip, a block, or a porous shape. In the invention, the thickness of the ceramic reinforcement body is preferably 3-80 mm.
After the ceramic reinforcement is obtained, the ceramic reinforcement is fixed in a grinding roller sand mold, and then a steel melt is cast to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank. The grinding roller sand mold or the preparation method is not particularly limited in the invention, and the grinding roller sand mold prepared by the preparation method well known to the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the casting temperature is preferably 1350-1500 ℃, more preferably 1380-1450 ℃, and more preferably 1420 ℃.
In the present invention, the steel melt is preferably derived from high chromium cast iron. The specific composition of the high-chromium cast iron is not particularly limited in the present invention.
After the iron-based composite grinding roller blank is obtained, the iron-based composite grinding roller blank is subjected to heat treatment to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
In the invention, the heat treatment temperature is preferably 940-980 ℃, more preferably 950-960 ℃, and the time is preferably 1-2 hours, more preferably 1-1.5 hours.
The invention also provides the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, and the iron-based composite grinding roller comprises a ceramic hard phase and non-hard phase iron. The iron-based composite grinding roller is prepared by a ceramic reinforcement body, wherein the ceramic reinforcement body comprises a ceramic hard phase and iron which is not a hard phase, and the ceramic hard phase preferably comprises alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide. According to the invention, by controlling the types, the dosage ratio and the preparation method of the raw materials, the prepared ceramic reinforcement comprises a ceramic hard phase and non-hard phase iron, the ceramic hard phase contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide, on one hand, the problem that ceramic particles with high components (more than 50%) and small particle sizes (less than 1000 mu m) are dispersed and distributed on the wall of a steel material is solved, on the other hand, the problem that the ceramic reinforcement is easy to break away when the ceramic reinforcement is washed by high-temperature steel liquid is solved, and simultaneously, the defects of pores, slag inclusion, cracks and the like easily generated in the later casting and compounding process of the ceramic reinforcement are eliminated, so that the defects of the prepared iron-based composite grinding roller are obviously reduced, and the wear resistance is improved.
The iron-based composite grinding roller and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In all embodiments of the present invention, the average particle size of the hard ceramic powder is less than 1000 μm, and the high-carbon ferrochrome powder preferably comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c6.0%, Cr 64%, Fe 30%, and ferrovanadium powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: v35% and Fe 65%.
EXAMPLE 1 Split grinding roll
1) Raw materials and proportioning;
the raw material composition of the ceramic reinforcement is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 ceramic reinforcement raw material ratio
2) Putting the mixed micro powder into a ball milling tank, and mixing according to the proportion that every 100g of micro powder is added with 40mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300r/min, and the mixing time is 12 h;
3) putting the mixed micro powder subjected to ball milling treatment into a vacuum drying oven for drying at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 5 hours;
4) putting the mixed micro powder into a mould for isostatic pressing, keeping the pressure at 180MP and keeping the pressure for 1 h;
5) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prepared ceramic reinforcement body blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1230 ℃, the pressure is 50MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 2h, and the heat preservation time is 2 h;
6) the ceramic reinforcing phase in the ceramic reinforcement contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide, and the thickness of the reinforcement is 40 mm;
7) manufacturing a grinding roller sand mold, cutting the prepared ceramic reinforcement into the size of phi 20 multiplied by 30mm, placing the ceramic reinforcement in the sand mold, and assembling the sand mold; smelting high-chromium cast iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components: 3.2%, Cr: 25%, Si: 0.5%, Mn: 0.5%, P: 0.05%, S: 0.0.5%, the balance being Fe; pouring molten steel, wherein the casting temperature is 1380 ℃, and cooling to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank at 940 ℃ for 2h to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
The reinforcement of the iron-based composite grinding roller contains original Al2O3·ZrO2Complex phase ceramic and newly generated TiC, VC, (Fe, Cr)7C3And the interface bonding is good.
The defects of the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment are obviously reduced, and the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is subjected to a wear resistance test, and the result shows that the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is improved by 2 times compared with the grinding roller prepared by an iron matrix.
EXAMPLE 2 tire type grinding roll
1) Raw materials and proportioning;
the raw material composition of the ceramic reinforcement is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 ceramic reinforcement raw material ratio
2) Putting the mixed micro powder into a ball milling tank, and mixing according to the proportion that 60mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added into every 100g of micro powder, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 100r/min, and the mixing time is 36 h;
3) putting the mixed micro powder into a vacuum drying oven for drying at the temperature of 250 ℃ for 2 h;
4) putting the mixed micro powder subjected to ball milling into a mould for isostatic pressing, wherein the pressure is 300MP, and the pressure is maintained for 0.5 h;
5) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prepared ceramic reinforcement body blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1230 ℃, the pressure is 20MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 0.5h, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 h;
6) the ceramic reinforcing phase in the ceramic reinforcement comprises alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, chromium carbide and the like, and the thickness of the reinforcement is 60 mm;
7) manufacturing a grinding roller sand mold, cutting the prepared ceramic reinforcement into the size of phi 20 multiplied by 30mm, placing the ceramic reinforcement in the sand mold, and assembling the sand mold; smelting high-chromium cast iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components: 3.5%, Cr: 15%, Si: 0.5%, Mn: 0.5%, P: 0.05%, S: 0.0.5%, the balance being Fe; pouring molten steel, wherein the casting temperature is 1450 ℃, and cooling to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
8) and carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank at 980 ℃ for 1h to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
The reinforcement of the iron-based composite grinding roller contains original ZrO2Complex phase ceramic and newly generated TiC, VC, (Fe, Cr)7C3And the interface bonding is good.
The defects of the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment are obviously reduced, and the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is subjected to a wear resistance test, and the result shows that the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is improved by 2.5 times compared with the grinding roller prepared by an iron matrix.
EXAMPLE 3 conical grinding roll
1) Raw materials and proportioning;
the raw material composition of the ceramic reinforcement is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 ceramic reinforcement raw material ratio
2) Putting the mixed micro powder into a ball milling tank, and mixing according to the proportion that every 100g of micro powder is added with 40mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 300r/min, and the mixing time is 12 h;
3) putting the mixed micro powder subjected to ball milling treatment into a vacuum drying oven for drying at the temperature of 150 ℃ for 5 hours;
4) putting the mixed micro powder into a mould for isostatic pressing, keeping the pressure at 250MP and keeping the pressure for 1 h;
5) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prepared ceramic reinforcement body blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the pressure is 30MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 1h, and the heat preservation time is 1 h;
6) the ceramic reinforcing phase in the ceramic reinforcement comprises alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide, chromium carbide and the like, and the thickness of the reinforcement is 50 mm;
7) manufacturing a grinding roller sand mold, cutting the prepared ceramic reinforcement into the size of phi 20 multiplied by 30mm, placing the ceramic reinforcement in the sand mold, and assembling the sand mold; smelting high-chromium cast iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components: 3.2%, Cr: 20%, Si: 0.5%, Mn: 0.5%, P: 0.05%, S: 0.0.5%, the balance being Fe; pouring molten steel, wherein the casting temperature is 1420 ℃, and cooling to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
8) and (3) carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank at 950 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
The reinforcement of the iron-based composite grinding roller contains original Al2O3·ZrO2Complex phase ceramic and newly generated TiC, VC, (Fe, Cr)7C3And the interface bonding is good.
The defects of the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment are obviously reduced, and the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is subjected to a wear resistance test, and the result shows that the iron-based composite grinding roller prepared by the embodiment is improved by 2.4 times compared with the grinding roller prepared by an iron matrix.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the iron-based composite grinding roller is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing raw materials to obtain mixed micro powder, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 10% dense ZrO2Micropowder, 22% high carbon ferrochromium powder4.5 percent of ferrovanadium powder, 2.5 percent of titanium carbide powder, 3.5 percent of nickel powder and 57.5 percent of reduced iron powder;
(2) putting the mixed micro powder into a ball milling tank, and mixing according to the proportion that 60mL of absolute ethyl alcohol is added into every 100g of micro powder, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 100r/min, and the mixing time is 36 h;
(3) putting the mixed micro powder subjected to ball milling treatment into a vacuum drying oven for drying at the temperature of 250 ℃ for 2 hours;
(4) putting the dried mixed micro powder into a mould for isostatic pressing, keeping the pressure at 300MP for 0.5h to obtain a ceramic reinforcement body blank;
(5) carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the prepared ceramic reinforcement body blank, wherein the sintering temperature is 1230 ℃, the pressure is 20MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 0.5h, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 h;
(6) the ceramic reinforcing phase in the ceramic reinforcement contains alumina, zirconia, vanadium carbide, titanium carbide and chromium carbide, and the thickness of the reinforcement is 60 mm;
(7) manufacturing a grinding roller sand mold, cutting the prepared ceramic reinforcement into the size of phi 20 multiplied by 30mm, placing the ceramic reinforcement in the sand mold, and assembling the sand mold; smelting high-chromium cast iron in a medium-frequency induction furnace, wherein the high-chromium cast iron comprises the following components: 3.5%, Cr: 15%, Si: 0.5%, Mn: 0.5%, P: 0.05%, S: 0.0.5%, the balance being Fe; pouring molten steel, wherein the casting temperature is 1450 ℃, and cooling to obtain an iron-based composite grinding roller blank;
(8) and carrying out heat treatment on the iron-based composite grinding roller blank at 980 ℃ for 1h to obtain the iron-based composite grinding roller.
2. The iron-based composite grinding roller produced by the method of claim 1.
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| 高铬铸铁表面复合材料的制备与性能研究;郑淼;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20150215;B020-77 * |
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