CN102305622A - Arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner, comprising the steps of: fitting point cloud data obtained by a three-dimensional laser scanning system at scanning stations in three different directions by a common reference ball to form a complete point cloud of single arbor, and finally generating single arbor crown point cloud data; segmenting the single arbor crown point cloud data from the top to the bottom of the crown into a plurality of sections in same height according to height h, wherein the sections comprises one cone and n circular truncated cones; calculating area of irregular surfaces according to equal distance by the complete single arbor crown point cloud data so as to calculate the volumes of one core and n circular truncated cones; summing the volumes of one core and n circular truncated cones, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional green quantity of single arbor. The method also can be promoted for calculating the three-dimensional green quantity of trees with irregular crowns, and has essential significance for measuring the areal green quantity, the per capita green quantity and the spatial distribution pattern of the green quantity.

Description

A kind of arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner

One, technical field

The tree crown volume that the invention relates to arbor is three-dimensional green amount Calculation Method, a kind of especially arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner.

Two, technical background

" greening three-dimensional amount " claimed " green amount " again, refers to the spatial volume that the green plants cauline leaf is occupied, with the m of unit ³Calculate.For plane amount (like afforestation coverage rate); Three-dimensional green figureofmerit can more properly reflect the rationality and the ecological benefits level of vegetation composition; Embody the integral level of urban afforestation; It provides theoretical foundation for ecological landscape research, makes the urban landscaping quantitative examination that qualitative leap take place, and receives many relevant persons' in the industry attention.The calculating of the three-dimensional green amount of traditional standing tree mainly comprises:

What 1. adopt is the total amount of leaf area, through measuring the mathematical regression expression formula of having set up different plants individual " green amount " in a large number on the spot.

2. adopt the method for " with the three-dimensional amount of plane amount simulation "; Through on the infrared boat sheet of coloured silk, dividing seeds to pursue the method that green amount is calculated in strain,, set up the dependent equation of the hat width of cloth and crown height through regretional analysis to different seeds; Obtain crown height according to the hat width of cloth, thereby try to achieve the tree crown volume of trees.

3. adopt " stereophotogrammetry " method, promptly confirm the vegetation height, on the boat sheet, measure the area of this vegetation, and judge VEGETATION TYPES, calculate the green value of experimental formula Calculation of Three Dimensional according to certain green amount by the horizontal parallax of adjacent two boat sheets.

Traditional method exists all that workload is big, precision is low, the cycle is long, investment is big, is difficult to truly measure the shortcoming of tree crown volume, implements quite difficulty.And for arbor, whole strain tree crown is represented its three-dimensional green amount, and for sparse tree crown, the precision of measurement will reduce.

Three, summary of the invention

In order to overcome a lot of troubles that existing method is brought inevitably in the three-dimensional green amount instrumentation process of forest standing tree; Increase work efficiency; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner, it has overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that existing method exists.

The objective of the invention is to realize like this:

1. the three-dimensional laser scanner on individual plant arbor disposed about ground carries out complete scan in three directions to the individual plant arbor respectively, extracts through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data, measures the three-dimensional green amount of individual plant arbor tree crown.

2. individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data method for distilling is following: at first, carry out match according to the cloud data of three different directions scanning movements of common reference bundle of spheres; Secondly, according to the formed complete individual plant arbor shape of fitting result, the cloud data around the tall art of deletion individual plant; At last, locate cloud data deletion, generated complete individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data to the trees bottom at following first branch alive of plan view angle.

3. the method for the three-dimensional green amount of mensuration individual plant arbor tree crown is following: at first, individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data vertically is divided into high differentiation sections such as some by treetop to tree crown bottom by height h, comprises 1 circular cone and n round platform; Secondly, the individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data through complete calculates 1 circular cone and n round platform volume; At last, with 1 circular cone and n round platform volume addition summation, calculate the three-dimensional green amount of individual plant arbor.

4.1 the calculation method of physical volume of an individual circular cone and n round platform is following: at first, calculate a differentiation section area of section S through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data ₀, S ₁... Sn; Secondly, according to distinguishing section area of section S ₀, S ₁... 1. Sn and height h, utilize digital-to-analogue

Calculate the volume of tree crown nose-circle awl, utilize digital-to-analogue 2. $V_n=\frac{1}{3}(S_{n-1}+S_n+\sqrt{S_{n-1}{S}_n})h$ Calculate the volume of round platform; At last, utilize the 3. three-dimensional green amount of

calculating individual plant arbor tree crown of digital-to-analogue.

5. it is following wherein to distinguish section area of section S computing method: at first, it is individual trapezoidal with n-2 according to height Δ h the irregular section to be divided into 2 triangles; Then, calculate 2 triangle bases, the n-2 trapezoidal upper base and a length L of going to the bottom through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data _iSecondly, utilize digital-to-analogue 4.

Calculate 2 leg-of-mutton areas respectively, utilize digital-to-analogue 5. $S_p=\frac{1}{2}\left(L_{p+}{L}_{p+1}\right)\mathrm{\Δh},(p=\mathrm{0,1},\mathrm{L\; n}-2)$ Calculate n-2 trapezoidal area respectively; At last, utilize 6. S=S of digital-to-analogue _i+ S _pCalculate and distinguish section irregular section area.

The present invention has following advantage:

1. utilize three-dimensional laser scanning system scanning standing tree, need not cut down standing tree, protected forest;

2. utilize cloud data to extract individual plant arbor tree crown; And with vertical direction tree crown is carried out the multistage equidistance in the horizontal direction and cut apart; Application program is write the peripheral point coordinate that obtains on the same plane, and the area of convenient calculating irregular polygon and the volume of tree crown are three-dimensional green amount.

Four, embodiment

At first select the individual plant arbor; In three-dimensional scanner system, set parameters such as scanning angle, quality of scanning; Settle laser scanner according to the position of its arbor, adjacent degree, crown form etc., the placed around reference sphere the arbor of need scanning can very clearly separate adjacent standing tree between the different in principle scanning movements; And the standing tree that is scanned between the different websites can be seen three or three above reference spheres fully, is convenient to can be good at extracting target standing tree; In each station scanning, utilize digital camera to take, the covering of adjacent standing tree provides reference during for the extraction data, and after all websites scannings were accomplished, output data was carried out match by reference sphere, extracts each standing tree, obtains cloud data.

Individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data vertically is divided into high differentiation sections such as some by treetop to tree crown bottom by height h; Comprise 1 circular cone and n round platform; Through complete individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data; Calculate 1 circular cone and n round platform volume,, calculate the three-dimensional green amount of individual plant arbor 1 circular cone and n round platform volume addition summation.Wherein, S _iBe the area of tree crown transversal section, S ₀Be the transversal section of tree crown lowermost end, S ₁, S ₂..., S _nBe followed successively by the 2nd, the 3rd ..., the area of a n+1 tree crown transversal section.The computing formula of round platform is the volume of first round platform then $V_1=\frac{1}{3}(S_0+S_1+\sqrt{S_0{S}_1})h,$ In like manner, the volume of second round platform $V_2=\frac{1}{3}(S_1+S_2+\sqrt{S_1{S}_2})h,$ The volume of n round platform $V_n=\frac{1}{3}(S_{n-1}+S_n+\sqrt{S_{n-1}{S}_n})h,$ The volume of top circular cone

Like this n Rotary-table addition obtained the volume of tree crown, $V=\frac{1}{3}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(S_{i-1}+S_i+\sqrt{S_{i-1}{S}_i})h+\frac{1}{3}{S}_{n}h.$

The transversal section of each tree crown is not a regular circular or ellipse, and Si is the area of each tree crown transversal section, can not be with regular circular or oval area computing formula for the method for asking of Si.Calculate for irregular figure, we are placed on figure on the XY coordinate system plane, with being parallel to the Y axle; Vertical curve perpendicular to the X axle is divided into n wide segment with irregular cycle, and the width js of segment is when n is infinitely great; Segment width js is infinitely small, and irregular cycle can be regarded 2 triangles and n-2 trapezoidal formation end to end as, and then the area of irregular cycle is 2 triangle areas and n-2 trapezoidal area sum end to end. wherein; Li is the length of side of cutting apart segment; L0 is first segment article one limit length of side, L0=0, L1, L2 ..., Ln-1 be followed successively by the 2nd, the 3rd ..., the n bar limit length of side; Ln is last segment the last item limit length of side, Ln=0.The area

of trapezoidal area computing formula

first segment is the therefore Ln=0 of area

the n segment (last segment) of area

the n segment (last segment) of area the n-1 segment of

second segment of L0=0 of first segment wherein, and therefore:

obtains the area addition of n Ge segment the area of transversal section like this: $S_n=\frac{1}{2}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}(L_{n-1}+L_n)J_n.$

Claims (5)

1. arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanner; It is characterized in that: three-dimensional laser scanner on individual plant arbor disposed about ground; In three directions the individual plant arbor is carried out complete scan respectively; Extract through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data, measure the three-dimensional green amount of individual plant arbor tree crown.

2. a kind of arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanner; It is characterized in that: wherein individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data method for distilling is following: at first, carry out match according to the cloud data of three different directions scanning movements of common reference bundle of spheres; Secondly, according to the formed complete individual plant arbor shape of fitting result, the cloud data around the deletion individual plant arbor; At last, locate cloud data deletion, generated complete individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data to the trees bottom at following first branch alive of plan view angle.

3. a kind of arbor three-dimensional green quantity measuring method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional laser scanner; It is characterized in that: the method for three-dimensional green amount of wherein measuring individual plant arbor tree crown is following: at first; Individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data vertically is divided into high differentiation sections such as some by treetop to tree crown bottom by height h, comprises 1 circular cone and n round platform; Secondly, the individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data through complete calculates 1 circular cone and n round platform volume; At last, with 1 circular cone and n round platform volume addition summation, calculate the three-dimensional green amount of individual plant arbor.

4. the method for the three-dimensional green amount of mensuration individual plant arbor tree crown according to claim 3 is characterized in that: wherein the calculation method of physical volume of 1 circular cone and n round platform is following: at first, calculate a differentiation section area of section S through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data ₀, S ₁Sn; Secondly, according to distinguishing section area of section S ₀, S ₁... 1. Sn and height h, utilize digital-to-analogue

Calculate the volume of tree crown nose-circle awl, utilize digital-to-analogue 2. $V_n=\frac{1}{3}(S_{n-1}+S_n+\sqrt{S_{n-1}{S}_n})h$ Calculate the volume of round platform; At last, utilize the 3. three-dimensional green amount of

calculating individual plant arbor tree crown of digital-to-analogue.

5. the calculation method of physical volume of 1 circular cone according to claim 4 and n round platform is characterized in that: it is following wherein to distinguish section area of section S computing method: at first, it is individual trapezoidal with n-2 according to height Δ h the irregular section to be divided into 2 triangles; Then, calculate 2 triangle bases, the n-2 trapezoidal upper base and a length L of going to the bottom through individual plant arbor tree crown cloud data _iSecondly, utilize digital-to-analogue 4.

Calculate 2 leg-of-mutton areas respectively, utilize digital-to-analogue 5. $S_p=\frac{1}{2}\left(L_{p+}{L}_{p+1}\right)\mathrm{\Δh},(p=\mathrm{0,1},\mathrm{L\; n}-2)$ Calculate n-2 trapezoidal area respectively; At last, utilize 6. S=S of digital-to-analogue _i+ S _pCalculate and distinguish section irregular section area.