CN102298092B - Method and device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of electric automobile - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of an electric automobile. Two circuits of universal input/output interfaces of a micro-controller are respectively and externally connected with positive and negative insulation switch circuits. Positive and negative insulation switch relays are gated. Insulation resistance sampling voltage is output. The sampling voltage is amplified by an operational amplifying circuit, isolated by a voltage isolation chip and input in an analogue-digital conversion unit of the micro-controller. An insulation resistance value of a current power battery is calculated by the micro-controller according to an algorithm, transmitted to a battery management system through a communication module in the form of message and used by the battery management system. According to the method and the device disclosed by the invention, the problem that positive leakage, positive leakage or positive and positive leakage cannot be judged by the traditional insulation resistance detection device is effectively solved; the leakage degree of the current power battery can be precisely measured; and potential safety hazards resulted from inaccuracy of the insulation resistance are stopped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of power battery insulation resistance detection method of electric automobile, and the device of realizing the method is also provided simultaneously, belongs to New-energy electric vehicle field.
Background technology
The energy of electric automobile is mainly derived from vehicle mounted dynamic battery.Because electrokinetic cell is generally all more than several hectovolts, if the situation of the electric leakage that meets accident will directly threaten personal safety.Therefore, electric automobile needs a kind of equipment that can detect in real time power battery insulation resistance.Meanwhile, outstanding power battery insulation resistance detection method is also to evaluate the most important performance index of a electric automobile.Whether traditional power battery insulation resistance detection method can only judge current electrokinetic cell in electric leakage state, and can not judge electrokinetic cell is anodal electric leakage or negative pole electric leakage or bipolar electric leakage simultaneously.Nor can accurately measure the electric leakage degree of electrokinetic cell.Thereby cannot provide more detailed insulation information for driver, the potential safety hazard that this has increased driving undoubtedly, is also unfavorable for the popularization of whole electric automobile industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of power battery insulation resistance detection method of electric automobile, and it can pass through the variation of insulation resistance sampled voltage, determines the electric leakage state of current electrokinetic cell, has solved traditional insulation resistance and has detected the problem that cannot locate electric leakage position.
The present invention also provides the power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit of realizing the method, it detects the insulation resistance between electrokinetic cell positive and negative busbar and bonding in real time, and can measure exactly positive pole, negative pole and the bipolar insulating resistance value to body earth of electrokinetic cell.
the power battery insulation resistance detection method technical solution of electric automobile of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize the two-way universal input/output interface of microcontroller, external both positive and negative polarity insulated switch circuit respectively, and according to control method, gating both positive and negative polarity insulated switch relay, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.Insulation resistance sampled voltage passes through operational amplification circuit again, after the isolation of voltage isolating chip, is input to the AD conversion unit of microcontroller.Microcontroller can be according to the insulation resistance sample voltage value collecting, calculate the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to algorithm, and by the communication module of microcontroller, after level conversion, form with message sends battery management system to, for battery management system.Meanwhile, microcontroller can be crossed man-machine interaction unit by information exchange and be shown to driver.
the power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit of realizing the method for the invention, is characterized in that:
Power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit is mainly made up of microcontroller (MCU-Micro Control Unit), anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network (CAN-Controller Area Network) transceiver and LCD display.Wherein, universal input/output (GPIO-General Purpose Input Output) module 1 of MCU, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module 2 of MCU, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, MCU, according to control strategy, selects turn-on logic, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.Insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is processed, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage.Finally, analog to digital conversion (AD-Analog-to-Digital Converter) module that is input to MCU is done voltage sample.MCU can, according to sampled voltage according to insulation resistance detection algorithm, calculate the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell.The communication module of MCU, after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends BMS to insulating resistance value and uses.Meanwhile, MCU, by the LCD screen of man-machine interaction unit, is shown to driver power battery insulation resistance value.
the power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit concrete structure of electric automobile of the present invention is as follows:
Anodal insulated switch main circuit will be made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay.In the time of the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, between 1 pin of relay and 2 pin, form path, thus conducting between 7 pin of relay and 8 pin, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 form anodal bleeder circuit.An anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of 7 pin outputs.
Negative pole insulated switch main circuit will be made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay.In the time of the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, between 3 pin of relay and 4 pin, form path, thus conducting between 5 pin of relay and 6 pin, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 formation negative pole bleeder circuit.A negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of 6 pin outputs.
Operational amplification circuit is mainly made up of operational amplifier and power module 1.Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; It is body earth that output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, for operational amplifier provide dual power supply supply with.Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of light coupling relay, and insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins.The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit.1 pin of operational amplifier and 8 pin skies connect, and the resistance infinity between expression, determines enlargement factor with this.
Voltage isolation circuit is mainly made up of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolating chip.Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, it supplies with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolating chip provides power supply simultaneously; Its output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets Vs1-, and+12V meets Vs1+.Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolating chip, and its input end is identical with power module 1 connection.Output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets Vs2-, and+12V meets Vs2+.The input end of voltage isolating chip is connected with operational amplifier, and output end vo ut is connected with the AD1 of MCU for MCU sampling, and GND is connected with AGND.Voltage isolating chip can make the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output can not exert an influence to the low-voltage sampled signal that inputs to MCU.
The signal of the CAN communication module of MCU receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, completes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver is connected with CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS with CANL end, completes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level.
LCD display is driven by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (the SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface) module of MCU.Chip selection CS, the serial clock SCK of MCU, main go out from entering MOSI, mainly entering to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively from going out MISO pin; The data of LCD show, by MCU by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
Power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit is according to following control method, insulation resistance measuring ability:
(1). the anodal insulated switch circuit of gating, gating negative pole insulated switch circuit.If the resistance that sampled voltage now of record is V1. R0 ~ R7 is 200K, R16 is 1K, V1 be now between positive and negative busbar total voltage 1/100.
(2). the anodal insulated switch circuit of gating, turn-offs negative pole insulated switch circuit.Record sampled voltage is now V2.
If the resistance of R8 ~ R15 is 200K, R17 is 1K, V2 be now between negative busbar and bonding (DGND) voltage 1/100.
(3). turn-off anodal insulated switch circuit, gating negative pole insulated switch circuit.Record sampled voltage is now V3.
V3 be now between negative busbar and bonding (DGND) voltage 1/100.
The truth table of realizing above-mentioned steering logic is as follows:
| GPIO1 | GPIO2 | |
| V1 | Low level | Low level |
| V2 | Low level | High level |
| V3 | High level | High level |
(4). calculate insulation resistance
Calculate insulation resistance by following formula, wherein Rp is the anodal insulation resistance to bonding, and Rn is the insulation resistance of negative pole to bonding.
Kp=V2/(V1-V2);
Kn=V3/(V1-V3);
Rp=(1-Kp*Kn)*R/(Kn+Kp*Kn);
Rn=(1-Kp*Kn)*R/(Kp+Kp*Kn);
good effect of the present invention is:can do insulation to the positive and negative busbar of electrokinetic cell in real time and detect, judge state of insulation, calculate insulating resistance value.Effectively solve traditional insulation resistance detection device and can not judge anodal electric leakage or negative pole electric leakage or the bipolar problem of electric leakage simultaneously.Meanwhile, can accurately measure the electric leakage degree of current electrokinetic cell.Friendly man-machine interface, can give driver to point out accurately, has stopped to detect because of insulation resistance the potential safety hazard that out of true is brought.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1: power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit is mainly made up of microcontroller (MCU-Micro Control Unit), anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network (CAN-Controller Area Network) transceiver and LCD display.Wherein, universal input/output (GPIO-General Purpose Input Output) module 1 of MCU, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module 2 of MCU, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, MCU, according to control strategy, selects turn-on logic, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.Insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is processed, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage.Finally, analog to digital conversion (AD-Analog-to-Digital Converter) module that is input to MCU is done voltage sample.MCU can, according to sampled voltage according to insulation resistance detection algorithm, calculate the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell.The communication module of MCU, after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends BMS to insulating resistance value and uses.Meanwhile, MCU, by the LCD screen of man-machine interaction unit, is shown to driver power battery insulation resistance value.
embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2: anodal insulated switch main circuit will be made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay.In the time of the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, between 1 pin of relay and 2 pin, form path, thus conducting between 7 pin of relay and 8 pin, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 form anodal bleeder circuit.An anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of 7 pin outputs.
Negative pole insulated switch main circuit will be made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay.In the time of the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, between 3 pin of relay and 4 pin, form path, thus conducting between 5 pin of relay and 6 pin, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 formation negative pole bleeder circuit.A negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of 6 pin outputs.
Operational amplification circuit is mainly made up of operational amplifier and power module 1.Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; It is body earth that output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, for operational amplifier provide dual power supply supply with.Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of light coupling relay, and insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins.The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit.1 pin of operational amplifier and 8 pin skies connect, and the resistance infinity between expression, determines enlargement factor with this.
Voltage isolation circuit is mainly made up of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolating chip.Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, it supplies with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolating chip provides power supply simultaneously; Its output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets Vs1-, and+12V meets Vs1+.Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolating chip, and its input end is identical with power module 1 connection.Output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets Vs2-, and+12V meets Vs2+.The input end of voltage isolating chip is connected with operational amplifier, and output end vo ut is connected with the AD1 of MCU for MCU sampling, and GND is connected with AGND.Voltage isolating chip can make the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output can not exert an influence to the low-voltage sampled signal that inputs to MCU.
The signal of the CAN communication module of MCU receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, completes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver is connected with CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS with CANL end, completes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level.
LCD display is driven by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (the SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface) module of MCU.Chip selection CS, the serial clock SCK of MCU, main go out from entering MOSI, mainly entering to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively from going out MISO pin; The data of LCD show, by MCU by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
Claims (1)
1. a power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit for electric automobile, is characterized in that:
Power battery insulation resistance pick-up unit is mainly made up of microcontroller, anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network transceiver and LCD display; Wherein, the GPIO module 1 of microcontroller, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module 2 of microcontroller, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, microcontroller, according to control strategy, is selected turn-on logic, controls the output terminal output insulation resistance sampled voltage of anodal insulation light coupling relay or negative pole insulation light coupling relay; Insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is processed, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage; Finally, the analog-to-digital conversion module that is input to microcontroller does voltage sample; Microcontroller according to insulation resistance detection algorithm, calculates the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to insulation resistance sampled voltage; The communication module of microcontroller, after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends BMS to insulating resistance value and uses; Meanwhile, microcontroller, by the LCD display of man-machine interaction unit, is shown to driver power battery insulation resistance value;
Described negative pole insulated switch main circuit will be made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay; In the time of the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, between the first input end of negative pole insulation light coupling relay and the second input end, form path, thereby conducting between the first output terminal of negative pole insulation light coupling relay and the second output terminal, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 form negative pole bleeder circuit; A negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of the first output terminal output of negative pole insulation light coupling relay;
Anodal insulated switch main circuit will be made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay; In the time of the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, between anodal insulation light coupling relay first input end and the second input end, form path, thereby conducting between the first output terminal of anodal insulation light coupling relay and the second output terminal, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 form anodal bleeder circuit; An anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of anodal insulation light coupling relay the second output terminal output;
Operational amplification circuit is mainly made up of operational amplifier and power module 1; Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; Power module 1 output terminal: GND meets DGND, DGND is body earth ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, for operational amplifier provide dual power supply supply with; Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of anodal insulation light coupling relay, and insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins; The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit; Pin 1 and 8 skies that the outside gain of operational amplifier arranges resistance R G two ends connect, and the resistance infinity between expression, determines enlargement factor with this;
Voltage isolation circuit is mainly made up of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolating chip; Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, it supplies with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolating chip provides power supply simultaneously; The output terminal of power module 1: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets the Vs1-of voltage isolating chip, and+12V meets the Vs1+ of voltage isolating chip; Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolating chip, and the input end of power module 2 is identical with the connection of power module 1 input end; The output terminal of power module 2: GND meets DGND ,-12V meets the Vs2-of voltage isolating chip, and+12V meets the Vs2+ of voltage isolating chip; The input end of voltage isolating chip is connected with the Vout of operational amplifier, and the output end vo ut of voltage isolating chip is connected with the AD1 of microcontroller for microcontroller sampling, and the GND of voltage isolating chip is connected with AGND; Voltage isolating chip can not exert an influence to the low-voltage sampled signal that inputs to microcontroller the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output;
The signal of the CAN communication module of microcontroller receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver respectively with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, completes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver is connected with CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS respectively with CANL end, completes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level;
LCD display is driven by the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) module of microcontroller; Chip selection CS, the serial clock SCK of microcontroller, main go out from entering MOSI, mainly entering to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively from going out MISO pin; The data of LCD display show, by microcontroller by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
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