CN102298092A - Method and device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of electric automobile - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting power battery insulation resistance of an electric automobile. Two circuits of universal input/output interfaces of a micro-controller are respectively and externally connected with positive and negative insulation switch circuits. Positive and negative insulation switch relays are gated. Insulation resistance sampling voltage is output. The sampling voltage is amplified by an operational amplifying circuit, isolated by a voltage isolation chip and input in an analogue-digital conversion unit of the micro-controller. An insulation resistance value of a current power battery is calculated by the micro-controller according to an algorithm, transmitted to a battery management system through a communication module in the form of message and used by the battery management system. According to the method and the device disclosed by the invention, the problem that positive leakage, positive leakage or positive and positive leakage cannot be judged by the traditional insulation resistance detection device is effectively solved; the leakage degree of the current power battery can be precisely measured; and potential safety hazards resulted from inaccuracy of the insulation resistance are stopped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method of electric automobile, and the device of realizing this method also is provided simultaneously, belongs to the New-energy electric vehicle field.
Background technology
The energy of electric automobile is mainly derived from vehicle mounted dynamic battery.Because electrokinetic cell is generally all more than several hectovolts, if the situation of the electric leakage that meets accident will directly threaten personal safety.Therefore, electric automobile needs a kind of equipment that can detect the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance in real time.Simultaneously, outstanding electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method also is to estimate the most important performance index of a electric automobile.Traditional electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method can only be judged current electrokinetic cell and whether be in the electric leakage state, and can not judge electrokinetic cell is anodal electric leakage or negative pole electric leakage or bipolar electric leakage simultaneously.Nor can accurately measure the electric leakage degree of electrokinetic cell.Thereby can't provide more detailed insulation information for the driver, the potential safety hazard that this has increased driving undoubtedly also is unfavorable for the popularization of whole electric automobile industry.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method of electric automobile, and it can determine the electric leakage state of current electrokinetic cell by the variation of insulation resistance sampled voltage, has solved traditional insulation resistance and has detected the problem that can't locate the electric leakage position.
The present invention also provides the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance of realizing this method pick-up unit, it detects the insulation resistance between electrokinetic cell positive and negative busbar and the bonding in real time, and can measure positive pole, negative pole and the bipolar insulating resistance value to body earth of electrokinetic cell exactly.
The electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method technical solution of electric automobile of the present invention is as follows:
Utilize the general input/output interface of two-way of microcontroller, the external both positive and negative polarity insulated switch circuit of difference, and according to control method, gating both positive and negative polarity insulated switch relay, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.The insulation resistance sampled voltage passes through operational amplification circuit again, after the voltage isolation chip is isolated, is input to the AD conversion unit of microcontroller.Microcontroller can be according to the insulation resistance sample voltage value that collects, go out the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to algorithm computation, and by the communication module of microcontroller, through after the level conversion, form with message sends battery management system to, uses for the battery management system.Simultaneously, microcontroller can be shown to the driver by man-machine interaction unit with information.
Realize the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit of the method for the invention, it is characterized in that:
Electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit mainly is made of microcontroller (MCU-Micro Control Unit), anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network (CAN-Controller Area Network) transceiver and LCD display.Wherein, the general I/O of MCU (GPIO-General Purpose Input Output) module 1, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module 2 of MCU, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, MCU selects turn-on logic according to control strategy, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.The insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is handled, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage.At last, analog to digital conversion (AD-Analog-to-Digital Converter) module that is input to MCU is done voltage sample.MCU can calculate the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to sampled voltage according to the insulation resistance detection algorithm.The communication module of MCU after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends insulating resistance value to BMS and uses.Simultaneously, MCU is shown to the driver to the electrokinetic cell insulating resistance value by the LCD screen of man-machine interaction unit.
The electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit concrete structure of electric automobile of the present invention is as follows:
Anodal insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay.When the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 1 pin of relay and 2 pin, thus conducting between 7 pin of relay and 8 pin, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 constitute anodal bleeder circuit.Anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of 7 pin output.
Negative pole insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay.When the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 3 pin of relay and 4 pin, thus conducting between 5 pin of relay and 6 pin, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 formation negative pole bleeder circuit.Negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of 6 pin output.
Operational amplification circuit mainly is made up of operational amplifier and power module 1.Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; It is body earth that output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, supply with for operational amplifier provides dual power supply.Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of light coupling relay, and the insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins.The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, and Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit.1 pin of operational amplifier and 8 pin skies connect, and the resistance infinity between the expression is determined enlargement factor with this.
Voltage isolation circuit mainly is made of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolation chip.Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, and it provides power supply to supply with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolation chip simultaneously; Its output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs1-, and+12V meets Vs1+.Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolation chip, and its input end is identical with power module 1 connection.Output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs2-, and+12V meets Vs2+.The input end of voltage isolation chip is connected with operational amplifier, and output end vo ut links to each other with the AD1 of MCU for the MCU sampling, and GND links to each other with AGND.The voltage isolation chip can make the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output can the low-voltage sampled signal that input to MCU not exerted an influence.
The signal of the CAN communication module of MCU receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, finishes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver links to each other with the CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS with the CANL end, finishes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level.
LCD display is driven by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (the SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface) module of MCU.The chip of MCU is selected CS, serial clock SCK, is mainly gone out from going into MOSI, mainly going into from going out the MISO pin to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively; The data presentation of LCD, by MCU by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
Electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit is according to following control method, the insulation resistance measuring ability:
(1). the anodal insulated switch circuit of gating, gating negative pole insulated switch circuit.If the sampled voltage of record this moment is that the resistance of V1. R0 ~ R7 is 200K, R16 is 1K, then Ci Shi V1 be between the positive and negative busbar total voltage 1/100.
(2). the anodal insulated switch circuit of gating, turn-off negative pole insulated switch circuit.Record sampled voltage at this moment is V2.
If the resistance of R8 ~ R15 is 200K, R17 is 1K, then Ci Shi V2 be between negative busbar and the bonding (DGND) voltage 1/100.
(3). turn-off anodal insulated switch circuit, gating negative pole insulated switch circuit.Record sampled voltage at this moment is V3.
This moment V3 be between negative busbar and the bonding (DGND) voltage 1/100.
The truth table of realizing above-mentioned steering logic is as follows:
| GPIO1 | GPIO2 | |
| V1 | Low level | Low level |
| V2 | Low level | High level |
| V3 | High level | High level |
(4). calculate insulation resistance
Calculate insulation resistance by following formula, wherein Rp is anodal insulation resistance to bonding, and Rn is the insulation resistance of negative pole to bonding.
Kp=V2/(V1-V2);
Kn=V3/(V1-V3);
Rp=(1-Kp*Kn)*R/(Kn+Kp*Kn);
Rn=(1-Kp*Kn)*R/(Kp+Kp*Kn);
Good effect of the present invention is:Can do insulation to the positive and negative busbar of electrokinetic cell in real time and detect, judge state of insulation, calculate insulating resistance value.Solve traditional insulation resistance pick-up unit effectively and can not judge anodal electric leakage or negative pole electric leakage or the bipolar problem of electric leakage simultaneously.Simultaneously, can accurately measure the electric leakage degree of current electrokinetic cell.Friendly man-machine interface can give the driver with prompting accurately, has stopped to detect the potential safety hazard that out of true is brought because of insulation resistance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is circuit theory diagrams of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1: electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit mainly is made of microcontroller (MCU-Micro Control Unit), anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network (CAN-Controller Area Network) transceiver and LCD display.Wherein, the general I/O of MCU (GPIO-General Purpose Input Output) module 1, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module 2 of MCU, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, MCU selects turn-on logic according to control strategy, output insulation resistance sampled voltage.The insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is handled, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage.At last, analog to digital conversion (AD-Analog-to-Digital Converter) module that is input to MCU is done voltage sample.MCU can calculate the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to sampled voltage according to the insulation resistance detection algorithm.The communication module of MCU after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends insulating resistance value to BMS and uses.Simultaneously, MCU is shown to the driver to the electrokinetic cell insulating resistance value by the LCD screen of man-machine interaction unit.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2: anodal insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay.When the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 1 pin of relay and 2 pin, thus conducting between 7 pin of relay and 8 pin, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 constitute anodal bleeder circuit.Anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of 7 pin output.
Negative pole insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay.When the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 3 pin of relay and 4 pin, thus conducting between 5 pin of relay and 6 pin, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 formation negative pole bleeder circuit.Negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of 6 pin output.
Operational amplification circuit mainly is made up of operational amplifier and power module 1.Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; It is body earth that output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, supply with for operational amplifier provides dual power supply.Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of light coupling relay, and the insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins.The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, and Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit.1 pin of operational amplifier and 8 pin skies connect, and the resistance infinity between the expression is determined enlargement factor with this.
Voltage isolation circuit mainly is made of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolation chip.Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, and it provides power supply to supply with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolation chip simultaneously; Its output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs1-, and+12V meets Vs1+.Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolation chip, and its input end is identical with power module 1 connection.Output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs2-, and+12V meets Vs2+.The input end of voltage isolation chip is connected with operational amplifier, and output end vo ut links to each other with the AD1 of MCU for the MCU sampling, and GND links to each other with AGND.The voltage isolation chip can make the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output can the low-voltage sampled signal that input to MCU not exerted an influence.
The signal of the CAN communication module of MCU receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, finishes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver links to each other with the CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS with the CANL end, finishes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level.
LCD display is driven by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (the SPI-Serial Peripheral Interface) module of MCU.The chip of MCU is selected CS, serial clock SCK, is mainly gone out from going into MOSI, mainly going into from going out the MISO pin to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively; The data presentation of LCD, by MCU by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
Claims (3)
1. the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance detection method of an electric automobile is characterized in that:
Utilize the general input/output interface of two-way of microcontroller, the external both positive and negative polarity insulated switch circuit of difference, and according to control method, gating both positive and negative polarity insulated switch relay, output insulation resistance sampled voltage; The insulation resistance sampled voltage passes through operational amplification circuit again, after the voltage isolation chip is isolated, is input to the AD conversion unit of microcontroller; Microcontroller can be according to the insulation resistance sample voltage value that collects, go out the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to algorithm computation, and by the communication module of microcontroller, through after the level conversion, form with message sends battery management system to, uses for the battery management system; Simultaneously, microcontroller can be shown to the driver by man-machine interaction unit with information.
2. realize the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit of the electric automobile of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit mainly is made of microcontroller, anodal insulated switch circuit, negative pole insulated switch circuit, operational amplification circuit, voltage isolation circuit, controller area network transceiver and LCD display; Wherein, the general input/output module of microcontroller, the control end of external anodal insulation light coupling relay, the GPIO module of microcontroller, the control end of external negative pole insulation light coupling relay, microcontroller is according to control strategy, select turn-on logic, output insulation resistance sampled voltage; The insulation resistance sampled voltage after operational amplification circuit is handled, enters voltage isolation circuit again, does the isolation processing of voltage; At last, the analog-to-digital conversion module that is input to microcontroller is done voltage sample; Microcontroller according to the insulation resistance detection algorithm, calculates the insulating resistance value of current electrokinetic cell according to sampled voltage; The communication module of microcontroller after CAN transceiver level conversion, with the form of message, sends insulating resistance value to BMS and uses; Simultaneously, microcontroller is shown to the driver to the electrokinetic cell insulating resistance value by the LCD screen of man-machine interaction unit.
3. according to the electrokinetic cell insulation resistance pick-up unit of the electric automobile of the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Anodal insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of anodal bleeder circuit and anodal insulation light coupling relay; When the control end VHP_KEY output low level of positive pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 1 pin of relay and 2 pin, thus conducting between 7 pin of relay and 8 pin, resistance R 0 ~ R7 and R16 constitute anodal bleeder circuit; Anodal insulation resistance sample voltage value of 7 pin output;
Negative pole insulated switch circuit mainly is made up of negative pole bleeder circuit and negative pole insulation light coupling relay; When the control end VHN_KEY output low level of negative pole insulation light coupling relay, constitute path between 3 pin of relay and 4 pin, thus conducting between 5 pin of relay and 6 pin, resistance R 8 ~ R15 and R17 formation negative pole bleeder circuit; Negative pole insulation resistance sample voltage value of 6 pin output;
Operational amplification circuit mainly is made up of operational amplifier and power module 1; Power module 1 input end :+Vin meets 12V, and-Vin meets AGND; It is body earth that output terminal: GND meets DGND ,-12V connect operational amplifier-Vs ,+12V connect operational amplifier+Vs, supply with for operational amplifier provides dual power supply; Operational amplifier+IN connects 7 pin of light coupling relay, and-IN connects 6 pin of light coupling relay, and the insulation resistance sampled voltage is input to operational amplifier by these two pins; The output terminal of operational amplifier: REF meets AGND, and Vout outputs to voltage isolation circuit; 1 pin of operational amplifier and 8 pin skies connect, and the resistance infinity between the expression is determined enlargement factor with this;
Voltage isolation circuit mainly is made of jointly power module 1, power module 2 and voltage isolation chip; Wherein: power module 1 is multiplexing power module, and it provides power supply to supply with for the input end of operational amplifier and voltage isolation chip simultaneously; Its output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs1-, and+12V meets Vs1+; Power module 2 provides power supply for the output terminal of voltage isolation chip, and its input end is identical with power module 1 connection; Output terminal: GND meets DGND, and-12V meets Vs2-, and+12V meets Vs2+; The input end of voltage isolation chip is connected with operational amplifier, and output end vo ut links to each other with the AD1 of microcontroller for the microcontroller sampling, and GND links to each other with AGND; The voltage isolation chip can make the high voltage signal of electrokinetic cell output can the low-voltage sampled signal that input to microcontroller not exerted an influence;
The signal of the CAN communication module of microcontroller receives pin CAN_RXD and is connected with signal transmission pin TXD with the signal reception pin RXD of CAN transceiver with signal transmission pin CAN_TXD, finishes the Transistor-Transistor Logic level transmission of CAN bus; The CANH end of CAN transceiver links to each other with the CANL end with the CAN bus interface CANH end of BMS with the CANL end, finishes the differential level transmission of CAN bus, has so just realized the conversion of Transistor-Transistor Logic level and differential level;
LCD display is driven by the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) module of microcontroller; The chip of microcontroller is selected CS, serial clock SCK, is mainly gone out from going into MOSI, mainly going into from going out the MISO pin to connect and be connected with LCD display CS, CLK, MISO, MOSI pin respectively; The data presentation of LCD, by microcontroller by the mode of the tabling look-up realization of decoding.
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