CN108614158A - A kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit and its detection method - Google Patents
A kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit and its detection method Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit and its detection methods, the circuit is based on balanced bridge, opening and be closed, being amplified to weak voltage signals using high-precision meter amplifier for the corresponding bridge arm of electric bridge is controlled using photorelay, while realizing the conversion of polarity of voltage.Based on foregoing circuit essential characteristic, devises four steps insulation resistance and calculate method.The electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit and its detection method of the present invention have many advantages, such as that positive and negative terminal insulation resistance can be measured simultaneously, can on-line checking, high-precision, high reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of insulation resistance detection control circuit and detection method more particularly to a kind of electric automobile insulations
Resistance detection control circuit and its detection method.
Background technology
Energy source of the electric vehicle using power battery pack as vehicle, the power battery voltage of usual electric vehicle are all remote
Higher than 36V, even up to several hectovolts, considerably beyond the range of human safety voltage.Therefore, power battery pack is positive and negative
Extremely good state of insulation must be kept with vehicle, just can guarantee the personal safety of driver and conductor.
Since electric vehicle is a complicated electromechanical integrated product, including power battery, driving motor and its control
The High-Voltage Electrical Appliances such as device, Vehicular charger, boosting battery charging unit, the operating condition of these components is more severe, vibration, soda acid
The burn into temperature of gas and the variation of humidity are likely to cause power cable and other insulating materials agings even insulation broken
Damage, makes apparatus insulated intensity substantially reduce, and then jeopardize personal safety.National standard《2015 electric vehicles of GB/18384.3-
Safety requirements Part III：Personnel's prevention of electric shock》Regulation：Insulating resistance value divided by electric vehicle straight-flow system nominal voltage U, knot
Fruit should be greater than 100 Ω/V, just meet safety requirements.
Therefore, the insulation resistance between the anode of power battery pack, cathode and vehicle body ground is measured in real time, and is electronic
One of essential safety requirements of automobile.
Existing Insulation monitoring technology can be divided into " balanced bridge method " and " signal injection method " two major classes.Bridge balance measurement
The basic principle of insulation resistance is as follows：Based on bridge circuit principle, by controlling power battery pack positive and negative electrode both sides relay
It opens and turns off, obtain the insulation resistance value that several various combination states carry out measuring system.It is measured simply although this method has
Advantage, but exist following insufficient：(1) to cut-off sensitivity using mechanical switch relay low, exists simultaneously mechanical wear, reliably
Property is low；(2) multiple operational amplifiers are used, the consistency of circuit is poor, and precision is relatively low.
It is as follows that signal injection method measures insulation resistance basic principle：Certain frequency is injected between DC bus and car body
Voltage signal calculates insulation resistance value by measuring the signal of feedback.This method is capable of detecting when positive and negative end insulation resistance simultaneously
The case where decline, and reliability is higher, but Injection Signal can cause straight-flow system ripple to increase, and influence power supply quality, in turn
Influence sampling precision.
Invention content
In view of the above problems, the present invention propose a kind of low error, high reliability, can on-line measurement electric automobile insulation
Resistance detection control circuit and its detection method.
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit, by straight-flow system to be measured, inspection
Slowdown monitoring circuit, sample circuit and microcontroller and four part of A/D converter circuit composition.
The straight-flow system to be measured by power battery, anode insulation resistance and negative terminal insulation insulation resistance form, it is described just
End insulation resistance is defined as the resistance value between power battery pack positive electrode bus and vehicle body ground；The negative terminal insulation resistance is defined as
Resistance value between power battery pack negative electrode bus and vehicle body ground.
Bridge arm is by two detection resistance R in the detection circuit1、R2It is formed with photorelay, R1One termination power electric
Pond anode, another termination photorelay K1。K1Another termination R2, R2The other end with picking up body.Detection circuit lower bridge arm by
Two detection resistance R3、R4It is formed with photorelay, R3One end with picking up body, another termination photorelay K1。K1It is another
One termination R4, R4Another termination power battery pack cathode.Resistance R2And R3Resistance value is identical, R1And R4Resistance value is identical.
The sample circuit is by clamp diode D1、D2, two-way TVS diode D3、D4, resistance R5、R6, filter capacitor C1、
C2、C3、C4, high-operational amplifier chip I NA2126 compositions, D1One end is connected to K1With R2Between sampled signal line and resistance R5One
End, other end connection vehicle body, bilateral diode D3、D4, D3One end is connected to resistance R5The other end and double instrument amplifiers the 2nd
Pin, the other end with being connected to vehicle body, D4With being connected to vehicle body, the other end is connected to resistance R for one end6The other end and instrument amplification
The 16th pin of device.Resistance R7、R8It is connected between 3,4 pins of instrument amplifier and 13,14 pins, for adjusting amplifier
Circuit amplification factor.The output signal of double instrument amplifiers passes through resistance R7、R8It send to the AD sampling channels of microcontroller.
The microcontroller and AD sample circuits are made of microcontroller and its built-in 12 multichannel AD sample circuits.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method, the electric automobile insulations
Resistor detection method includes following four step：Power battery pack total voltage measuring process, upper bridge arm voltage acquisition step, lower bridge
Arm voltage acquisition step and insulation resistance calculate step.
Advantageous effect：
One, substantial measurement errors are within 5%：Using the double instrument amplifiers of INA2126 high-precisions, there is lower imbalance
Voltage (maximum value is 250 μ V), low-voltage drift (maximum value is 3 μ V/ DEG C) and outstanding common mode inhibition；Positive and negative bridge arm voltage
Signal is amplified using an integrated circuit, ensure that preferable temperature consistency and circuit parameter consistency；Using
AQV258 photorelays reduce influence of the relay pressure drop to measurement result with extremely low conducting resistance.
Two, high reliability：Using D1、D2Two-diode clamp circuit, works as V+When voltage is less than -0.7V, diode D1It leads
It is logical；Work as V-When voltage is higher than 0.7V, diode D2Conducting；And then ensure that the voltage of analog sampling signal 1 and 2 be above-
0.7V avoids the damage of AD sample circuits；D3、D4Using the two-way TVS diodes of PESD5V0S1, be signal processing circuit from
The damage of static discharge (ESD) and surge pulse；Used AQV258 photorelays, it is no machinery get an electric shock, have it is non-maintaining,
The advantages that high speed motion, long lifespan, and action current is low, leakage current is small, both ensure that the measurement accuracy of system, while also increasing
The service life of system is added.
Three, on-line measurement：The control method invented, step is clear, and process is simple, and calculation amount is small, is using microcontroller
It can complete the real-time calculating to insulation resistance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is electric automobile insulation resistor detection method flow chart；
Fig. 3 is unbalanced bridge detection circuit equivalent circuit diagram；
Fig. 4 is equivalent circuit when K1, K2 are closed at；
Fig. 5 is equivalent circuit diagram when K1 is closed K2 disconnections；
Fig. 6 is equivalent circuit when K2 is closed K1 disconnections.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit, by direct current system to be measured
System, detection circuit, sample circuit and microcontroller and four part of A/D converter circuit composition.
The straight-flow system to be measured by power battery, anode insulation resistance and negative terminal insulation insulation resistance form, it is described just
End insulation resistance is defined as the resistance value between power battery pack positive electrode bus and vehicle body ground, such as R in Fig. 1+It is shown；The negative terminal
Insulation resistance is defined as the resistance value between power battery pack negative electrode bus and vehicle body ground, such as R in Fig. 1-It is shown.
Bridge arm is by two detection resistance R in the detection circuit1、R2It is formed with photorelay, R1One termination power electric
Pond anode, another termination photorelay K1。K1Another termination R2, R2The other end with picking up body.Detection circuit lower bridge arm by
Two detection resistance R3、R4It is formed with photorelay, R3One end with picking up body, another termination photorelay K1。K1It is another
One termination R4, R4Another termination power battery pack cathode.Resistance R2And R3Resistance value is identical, R1And R4Resistance value is identical.
The sample circuit is by clamp diode D1、D2, two-way TVS diode D3、D4, resistance R5、R6, filter capacitor C1、
C2、C3、C4, high-operational amplifier chip I NA2126 compositions, D1One end is connected to K1With R2Between sampled signal line and resistance R5One
End, other end connection vehicle body, bilateral diode D3、D4, D3One end is connected to resistance R5The other end and double instrument amplifiers the 2nd
Pin, the other end with being connected to vehicle body, D4With being connected to vehicle body, the other end is connected to resistance R for one end6The other end and instrument amplification
The 16th pin of device.Resistance R7、R8It is connected between 3,4 pins of instrument amplifier and 13,14 pins, for adjusting amplifier
Circuit amplification factor.The output signal of double instrument amplifiers passes through resistance R7、R8It send to the AD sampling channels of microcontroller.
The microcontroller and AD sample circuits are made of microcontroller and its built-in 12 multichannel AD sample circuits.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present invention also provides a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method, the electric automobile insulation
Resistor detection method includes following four step：Power battery pack total voltage measuring process, upper bridge arm voltage acquisition step, lower bridge
Arm voltage acquisition step and insulation resistance calculate step.
As shown in figure 3, detecting the equivalent circuit diagram of bridge circuit for insulation resistance, specifically：R+For power battery anode
Insulation resistance, R-For power battery cathode insulation resistance；P is vehicle body earth point；Resistance R1, photorelay K1, resistance R2, electricity
Hinder R3, photorelay K2, resistance R4It is sequentially connected in series, and resistance R1The other end connection power battery pack anode, resistance R4One
End connection power battery pack cathode, resistance R2With resistance R3Connecting pin with picking up body；Resistance R2With resistance R4The other end it is opposite
In the voltage of P points be respectively V+And V-。
Specific measuring process is as follows：
1. measuring power battery pack total voltage
It is to be closed at relay K with reference to zero-potential point to measure power battery pack stagnation pressure and choose power battery pack cathode1With
K2, equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 4.
As shown in figure 4, i1、i2To flow through the electric current of upper bridge arm and lower bridge arm, the total voltage at power battery pack both ends is
VB+Voltage and P points and V between point and P pointsB-The sum of voltage between point.
2. bridge arm sample amplitude when reproduced signal in measurement
Monolithic machine control signal CON1 sets height, and CON2 is set low, at this time photorelay K1It is closed, K2It disconnects, it is ginseng to choose P
Examine zero-potential point, bridge arm monitoring point voltage signal V in measurement+, equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 5.
Anode negative terminal reference current direction by detection circuit as shown in figure 5, detect resistance R1And R2Between voltage be
V+, you can it obtains and flows through R1、R2Electric current
Voltage between power battery pack anode and reference point P
Then it can obtain and flow through anode insulation resistance R+On electric current i4, power battery pack anode electric current i1=i3+i4,
Negative reference current direction is as shown in figure 5, therefore VB++VB-=VAlways, i is obtained by Circuit Theorem1+i2=0, obtain equation
Wherein, VB+For the voltage between power battery pack anode and reference point P, VB-Power battery pack negative terminal and reference point P
Between voltage.
3. measuring lower bridge arm sample amplitude when reproduced signal
Control signal CON1 is set to set low by microcontroller, CON2 sets height, at this time relay K1It disconnects, K2When closure, equivalent electricity
Road figure is as shown in Figure 6.
It since circuit changes, changes with reference to the virtual voltage of zero potential, so positive and negative anodes are relative to reference to zero
Voltage, the electric current of current potential change, and following formula is similarly obtained with above-mentioned steps.
4. insulation resistance computing the resistor value
Sample amplitude when reproduced V is measured through the above steps+With V-, it is divided into as following four kinds of situations according to the difference of voltage.
Situation one：
V+With V-When being equal to zero, anode insulation resistance R+With negative terminal insulation resistance R-Resistance value is equal to infinity.
Situation two：
V+It is zero, V-When being not zero, negative terminal insulation resistance R- resistance values are equal to infinity at this time, disconnect relay K1, be closed after
Electric appliance K2, equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 6.
Flow through the electric current i on anode insulation resistance R+1=i4, obtain following formula
Situation three：
V+It is not zero, V-When being zero, negative terminal insulation resistance R at this time+Resistance value is equal to infinity, closing relay K1, disconnect after
Electric appliance K2, equivalent circuit is as shown in Figure 4.
Flow through anode insulation resistance R-On electric current i2=i4, obtain following formula
Situation four：
V+With V-When being all not equal to zero, the calculating process of insulation resistance is as follows at this time：
(5) formula is subtracted each other (6) formula and is obtained
Below by way of experimental data, the present invention will be described.
Based on the electric automobile insulation resistance detecting circuit as shown in Figure 1 invented, battery uses nominal value in experiment
18650, the 45 batteries parallel connection of ternary lithium battery of 3.6V, 2.6Ah are one group, are composed in series power battery pack, battery for totally 90 groups
Packet nominal voltage 330V, capacity 117Ah.
Bridge arm sampling resistor uses R1And R4Resistance value takes 1880k Ω, R2And R3Resistance value takes 4.7k Ω, is the essence of precision 1%
Close MELF resistance；K1And K2It is the AQV258 type photorelays of 1500V to take pressure voltage；Clamp diode D1And D2Model
CD4148, two-way TVS diode D3And D4Model PESD5V0S1；Capacitance C1、C2、C3And C4Capacity is 0.01 μ F；Resistance R5、
R6、R7And R8Resistance value is 100 Ω；The maximum offset voltage value of selection is 250 μ V, maximum voltage drift value is 3 μ V/ DEG C
The double instrument amplifiers of INA2126 types；Microcontroller model MC9S12XEP100.
Experiment uses invented insulated electro using the insulation resistance situation under the resistance simulation different situations of different resistance values
Resistance detection circuit and control method measure it in real time, and measurement result is sent to host computer display interface by CAN bus,
And compare result and result measured by FLUKE 1587C model insulation measurement instrument, the results are shown in Table 1.
1 measurement result of table
Carry out Insulation monitoring when testing vehicle operation, detection cycle is that 3S is primary, by main controller controls it is light-operated after
Electric appliance K1、K2Open and turn off, complete acquisition to upper and lower bridge arm sample amplitude when reproduced, detected according to the insulation resistance invented
Control method calculates its insulation resistance resistance value.
According to the CAN communication bus request of electric vehicle, the master controller and battery management system (BMS) of electric vehicle it
Between communicated, master controller carries out real-time judge to measurement result and will treated that data information is sent by CAN bus
Real-time display is carried out on to instrument board.As secure threshold (100 Ωs/V) of the insulation resistance resistance value less than alarm, system executes one
Grade alarm, instrument panel LED indicating lamp is lighted so that driver learns failure, is handled to ensure safety.Testing result table
Bright measurement error meets national standard within 5%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistance detection control circuit, which is characterized in that including straight-flow system to be measured, detection circuit,
Sample circuit and microcontroller and A/D converter circuit；
The straight-flow system to be measured is made of power battery pack, anode insulation resistance and negative terminal insulation resistance, the anode insulation
Resistance is defined as the resistance value between the power battery pack positive electrode bus and vehicle body ground, and the negative terminal insulation resistance is defined as institute
State the resistance value between power battery pack negative electrode bus and vehicle body ground；
The detection circuit includes bridge arm and detection circuit lower bridge arm in detection circuit；Bridge arm is examined by two in the detection circuit
Measuring resistance R1、R2With photorelay K1Composition, detection resistance R1Termination power battery pack anode, described in the other end
Meet photorelay K1, K1Another termination detection resistance R2, detection resistance R2The other end with picking up body；The detection circuit
Lower bridge arm is by two detection resistance R3、R4With photorelay K2Composition, detection resistance R3One end with picking up body, another termination
Photorelay K2, photorelay K2Another termination detection resistance R4, detection resistance R4Another termination power battery pack it is negative
Pole；Detection resistance R2And R3Resistance value is identical, detection resistance R1And R4Resistance value is identical；
The sample circuit is by clamp diode D1、D2, two-way TVS diode D3、D4, resistance R5、R6, filter capacitor C1、C2、C3、
C4, the double instrument amplifier chip I NA2126UA compositions of high-precision, clamp diode D1One end is connected to photorelay K1With inspection
Measuring resistance R2Between sampled signal line and resistance R5One end, other end connection vehicle body, two-way TVS diode D3One end connects
In resistance R5The other end, capacitance C1One end and double the 2nd pin of instrument amplifier, the other end with being connected to vehicle body, two-way TVS bis-
Pole pipe D4With being connected to vehicle body, the other end is connected to resistance R for one end6The other end, capacitance C2One end and double instrument amplifiers the 16th
Pin；Resistance R7、R8It is connected between 3,4 pins of instrument amplifier and 13,14 pins, is put for adjusting operational amplifier circuit
Big multiple；The output signal of double instrument amplifiers passes through resistance R7、R8It send to the AD sampling channels of microcontroller；
The microcontroller and AD sample circuits are made of microcontroller and its built-in 12 multichannel AD sample circuits.
2. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method, the electric automobile insulation resistor detection method includes following four
Step：Power battery pack total voltage measuring process, upper bridge arm voltage acquisition step, lower bridge arm voltage acquisition step and insulated electro
Resistance calculates step.
3. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that insulation resistance detects
The equivalent circuit diagram of bridge circuit is：R+For power battery anode insulation resistance, R-For power battery cathode insulation resistance；P is vehicle
Body earth point；Resistance R1, photorelay K1, resistance R2, resistance R3, photorelay K2, resistance R4It is sequentially connected in series, and resistance R1
The other end connection power battery pack anode, resistance R4One end connect power battery pack cathode, resistance R2With resistance R3Connection
With terminating vehicle body；Resistance R2With resistance R4The other end relative to the voltage of P points be respectively V+And V-。
4. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the power battery
In packet total voltage measuring process, it is to be closed simultaneously with reference to zero-potential point to measure power battery pack stagnation pressure and choose power battery pack cathode
Close relay K1With K2, power battery pack total voltage VAlwaysFor：
Wherein, i1、i2To flow through the electric current of upper bridge arm and lower bridge arm.
5. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the upper bridge arm electricity
It presses in acquisition step,
Monolithic machine control signal CON1 sets height, and CON2 is set low, photorelay K1It is closed, K2It disconnects, it is with reference to zero potential to choose P
Point, bridge arm monitoring point voltage signal V in measurement+；
Resistance R is detected by detection circuit1And R2Between voltage be V+, you can it obtains and flows through R1、R2Electric current
Voltage between power battery pack anode and reference point P
Then it can obtain and flow through anode insulation resistance R+On electric current i3, power battery pack anode electric current i1=i3+i4,
Therefore VB++VB-=VAlways, i is obtained by Circuit Theorem1+i2=0, obtain equation
Wherein, VB+For the voltage between power battery pack anode and reference point P, VB-Between power battery pack negative terminal and reference point P
Voltage.
6. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the lower bridge arm electricity
It presses in acquisition step,
Control signal CON1 is set to set low by microcontroller, CON2 sets height, relay K1It disconnects, K2When closure；
It since circuit changes, changes with reference to the virtual voltage of zero potential, so positive and negative anodes are relative to reference to zero potential
Voltage, electric current change, obtain following formula：
7. a kind of electric automobile insulation resistor detection method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the insulation resistance
It calculates in step, measures sample amplitude when reproduced V through the above steps+With V-, following four kinds of situations are divided into according to the difference of voltage：
Work as V+With V-When being equal to zero, anode insulation resistance R+With negative terminal insulation resistance R-Resistance value is equal to infinity；
Work as V+It is zero, V-When being not zero, negative terminal insulation resistance R at this time-Resistance value is equal to infinity, disconnects relay K1, closing relay
Device K2, flow through anode insulation resistance R+On electric current i1=i4, obtain following formula
Work as V+It is not in zero, V-When being zero, negative terminal insulation resistance R at this time+Resistance value is equal to infinity, closing relay K1, disconnect after
Electric appliance K2 flows through negative terminal insulation resistance R-On electric current i2=i4, obtain following formula
Work as V+With V-When being all not equal to zero, the calculating process of insulation resistance is as follows at this time：(5) formula is subtracted each other (6) formula and is obtained
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| CN110346643A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 安徽贵博新能科技有限公司 | A kind of battery insulation resistance detecting circuit and detection method |
| CN110426557A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-08 | 江苏云意电气股份有限公司 | A kind of IGBT drive circuit and detection method of integrated Insulation monitoring |
| CN114252712A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-29 | 北京宝沃汽车股份有限公司 | Battery pack insulation detection circuit and method and vehicle |
| CN112345902A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-09 | 一巨自动化装备（上海）有限公司 | Insulation detection circuit for realizing voltage balance |
| WO2022088473A1 (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-05-05 | 一巨自动化装备（上海）有限公司 | Insulation detection circuit achieving voltage equalization |
| US11796578B2 (en) | 2020-10-28 | 2023-10-24 | Jee Automation Equipment (shanghai) Co., Ltd. | Insulation detection circuit for voltage balance |
| CN112666435A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-16 | 西安麦格米特电气有限公司 | Insulation detection design method for automobile charging system facing booster circuit |
| CN112666435B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2024-03-12 | 西安麦格米特电气有限公司 | Insulation detection design method of automobile charging system facing booster circuit |
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