CN102297421A - W-type flame decoupling combustion furnace and decoupling combustion method - Google Patents
W-type flame decoupling combustion furnace and decoupling combustion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a W-type flame decoupling combustion furnace and a decoupling combustion method. A hearth of the decoupling combustion furnace is enclosed by a front and a back side walls, an upper hearth side wall (12), a lower hearth arch (13), a lower hearth side wall (14), and a lower hearth cold ash hopper wall (15); the lower hearth arch (13) is provided with several groups of symmetric super-dense primary air nozzle (8), dense primary air nozzle (7) and light primary air nozzle (6) which are orderly arranged from the hearth center to the outside; the several groups of primary air nozzles (8, 7, 6) are uniformly arranged between the front and the back walls on the lower hearth arch (13) with a downward nozzle direction; several above-side wall secondary air nozzles (4) are symmetrically arranged on the lower hearth side wall (14); the above-side wall secondary air nozzles (4) and the primary air nozzles (8, 7, 6) are staggeredly arranged along the anterior/posterior direction; several below-side wall secondary air nozzles (3) are arranged between the front and the back walls on the lower hearth side wall (14). The device of the invention reduces the generation of NOx and fly ash combustible matter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coal-dust combustion device field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of W type flame decoupling burning stove and decoupling burning method.
Background technology
In the practical application of coal dust firing, along with coal air mixture in the ignition temperature of combustion phases and the raising of oxygen concentration, coal dust is easier fast, abundant after-flame, the content of fly ash combustible material in the flue gas (uncompleted burned carbon and CO) reduces; Simultaneously, high-temperature oxygen-enrichedly can make the NO that generates in the combustion process again
xSignificantly improve; On the other hand, coal air mixture helps suppressing nitrogen oxide NO more in that the ignition temperature of combustion phases and oxygen concentration are low more
xGenerate, but coal dust more is difficult for after-flame.Thereby, the fly ash combustible material and the NO of releasing coal dust firing
xThe coupling emission problem be long-standing technological difficulties on the combustion technology.
At present, the low NO that is applicable to pulverized coal firing boiler that has developed
xCombustion technology mainly contains air classification combustion technology, fuel-staged combustion technology, flue gas recirculation combustion technology etc.Because aforesaid coupling discharging relation, these several technology often can only stress the solution of an aspect problem, not only can not deal with problems up hill and dale, also bring many other problems simultaneously.
The decoupling burning technology can realize removing the fly ash combustible material and the NO of coal burning
xCoupling discharging relation, be to reduce fly ash combustible material and NO simultaneously
xThe effective ways of discharging.At present, people reduce NO to decoupling burning
xMechanism further investigate, and the decoupling burning technical patent of the multiple type of furnace appearred being applicable to, (the Chinese invention patent application number: 201110033811.8) invented a kind of coal dust decoupling burning device and coal dust decoupling burning method, this decoupling burning technology is more suitable in the quadrangle tangential circle boiler as patent " low-nitrogen oxide discharging coal powder decoupling burning device and coal dust decoupling burning method ".
W type flame furnace is the main type of furnace that solves the steady combustion of unburnable coal and reduce unburned carbon in flue dust, but because the combustion characteristics of this type of furnace burner is not good, the lower hearth air distribution unreasonable, cause the temperatures at localized regions peak value to be higher than 1500 ℃ oxidative environment, cause its a large amount of heating power type nitrogen that generate; Because its combustion instability, the secondary wind of can not in time providing and delivering is difficult to realize staged air distribution, so the fuel type NO of W type flame furnace
xGrowing amount very big.
For NO
xDischarge the existing W type flame furnace of very high major part, the NO of its generation
xMiddle heating power type often occupies leading.And for NO
xDischarge not too high most W type flame furnace, its furnace temperature peak value is not too high usually, the NO of generation
xIn still based on fuel type.
The control temperature field is only to control the generation of heating power type.The tradition fractional combustion is paid attention to the control concentration field: form reducing atmosphere on a large scale at burner hearth, to suppress fuel type and heating power type NO simultaneously
xGeneration.Because big reducing zone control ratio is more extensive, for effectively reducing NO
xDischarging needs big reproducibility zone, thereby needs to keep fiery windward and main combustion zone certain distance, makes the coal dust after-flame at burning later stage low-temperature region.
If simple overheavy firing, simple air classification are supplied with and are reduced fire box temperature, though all can make NO to a certain extent
xDischarging reduces, but its unburned carbon in flue dust significantly increases, and boiler efficiency and security sharply descend.NO
xBecome the persistent ailment of W type flame furnace with the coupling emission problem of fly ash combustible material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of W type flame decoupling burning stove.
A further object of the present invention is W type flame decoupling burning method.
According to W type flame decoupling burning stove of the present invention, the burner hearth of this decoupling burning stove is surrounded by front and back side wall, upper furnace side wall 12, lower hearth arch 13, lower hearth side wall 14 and lower hearth furnace hopper wall 15,
On described lower hearth arch 13, a wind snout of some groups is set, every group of wind snout is followed successively by a super dense wind snout 8, a dense wind snout 7 and a light wind snout 6 outward by the burner hearth center, described some groups of wind snouts are provided with between front-back wall on lower hearth arch 13, spout is directed downwards
On described lower hearth side wall 14, be symmetrical arranged overfire air port 4 on some side walls, the wind energy of overfire air port 4 ejections reaches the burner hearth middle part on side wall, enough abilities of entrainmenting are arranged, the high-temperature flue gas on lower hearth top is refluxed, to guarantee super thick coal culm fast pyrogenation, gasification and burning to the side wall degree of depth;
On described each side wall overfire air port 4 and every group of wind snout along front and back to being crisscross arranged,
On the described lower hearth side wall 14 overfire air port 3 under some side walls is being set between the front-back wall, is being used for replenishing combustion-supporting gas and descending coal dust is held, so that coal dust fully burns and avoid coal dust to wash away the furnace hopper coking.
An every group of super dense wind snout 8 dense wind snouts 7 in described some groups of wind snouts 8,7,6 and a light wind snout 6 are respectively along the single setting of straight line, or adopt the double parallel setting, in the described wind snout 8,7,6 with vertical direction on angle be 0～30 degree.
In described each outside of organizing a light wind snout 6 adherent overfire air port 5 being set also is used for entrainmenting high-temperature flue gas near the burner hearth front-back wall, alleviate the coking and the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall, increase secondary wind and the descending aggregated momentum of wind of vault, and in time replenish 15～30% air of secondary wind total amount to a wind that catches fire.
Bottom symmetry at described lower hearth furnace hopper wall 15 is horizontally disposed with some bottom boundary wind snouts 1.
Overfire air port 3 is for being long and narrow air port under the described side wall, be used to provide combustion-supporting gas, coal dust is fully burnt, overfire air port 4 spout directions are oblique following on the described side wall, with horizontal sextant angle 0～60 degree, overfire air port 3 under described some side walls, the spout direction is oblique down, with horizontal sextant angle 0～30 degree.
Be oppositely arranged two upper furnace after-flame wind snouts 9 that have a down dip on the described upper furnace side wall 12, these upper furnace after-flame wind snout 9 tilt angled downs are to spend less than 30 with horizontal sextant angle.
The present invention also provides a kind of decoupling burning method based on W type flame decoupling burning stove, said method comprising the steps of:
1) coal powder density is descending breeze airflow feeds a super dense wind snout 8, in a dense wind snout 7 and the light wind snout 6, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, super thick coal culm fast pyrogenation in the super dense wind snout 8, gasification and burning, spent super thick coal culm air-flow flows in burner hearth, and with adjacent dense powder air-flow, mix with light powder air-flow, the gasification of residue coal dust fast pyrogenation, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn, the consumption of oxygen increases step by step in this process, described burning, pyrolysis and gasification are all reacted under reducing atmosphere, the NO of generation
xContent reduces;
2) in coal dust firing on the side wall under overfire air port 4 and the side wall overfire air port 3 carry out air distribution, the air quantity of overfire air port 4 is 20～45% of a secondary wind total amount on the side wall, the range of overfire air port 4 air distributions extends through the middle part of lower hearth on the side wall, the jet entrainment ability is strong, high-temperature flue gas on lower hearth top refluxes to the side wall degree of depth, burner in time catches fire, general mood of this secondary wind traction flows simultaneously, one time wind improves at the stroke of lower hearth, coal dust is avoided wafing on too early, and when this secondary wind passes between the adjacent descending general mood stream, mix, replenish combustion air with a descending wind that spreads apart;
The lower floor's secondary wind air quantity that feeds is 20～45% of a secondary wind total amount, further replenishes combustion-supporting air, simultaneously descending coal dust is held, and is carried that it is up, washes away the furnace hopper coking to avoid coal dust.
3) feed secondary wind in the adherent overfire air port of on the lower hearth arch, arranging simultaneously 5, entrainment high-temperature flue gas near making the burner hearth front-back wall, alleviate the coking and the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall, increase secondary wind and the descending aggregated momentum of wind of vault, and in time replenishing portion of air to a wind that catches fire, air quantity is 15～30% of a secondary wind total amount.
The breeze airflow effluxvelocity that coal powder density is the highest in the described step 1) is 18m/s～35m/s.
Described method further comprises the step of carrying out air distribution by bottom boundary wind snout 1, its wind rate is 5～10%, its apoplexy rate is meant that the air quantity that enters this spout accounts for the percentage of total air quantity, has same implication with the leeward rate, to avoid the furnace bottom coking and to reduce boiler slag carbon content.
Described method further comprises the process of upper furnace after-flame wind snout 9 air distributions, and its wind rate 5%～15% with near the excess air the control lower hearth outlet, is improved wind and secondary air separating laminar flow and moved the concentration field inequality that causes.
Its mechanism is: the thinking of coal dust decoupling burning is accurately subregion burning, by controlling concentration field and temperature field meticulously simultaneously, forms different combustion zones.The burning initial stage, at the burner nozzle near zone, guarantee smooth combustion in time under the high-temperature low-oxygen environment, increase the ratio of fugitive constituent nitrogen in the coal to greatest extent, under strong reducing property atmosphere, suppress the generation of fuel NO; Burning concentrates on the most of zone of furnace combustion zone mid-term, needs to keep all even higher furnace temperature and an amount of air capacity, improves the flame degree of filling to prolong the coal dust firing stroke, avoids generating heating power type NO
xThe time improve combustion intensity; Burning later stage furnace temperature is lower than heating power type NO
xA large amount of 1500 ℃ of generating, by strengthening in time evenly mixing of uncombusted coal dust in excess air and the flue gas, the zone higher in fire box temperature makes the coal dust after-flame as far as possible, avoid being difficult for after-flame coke burn to postponing till low-temperature space.
Implementation procedure is: under the existing basic furnace binding of W type flame furnace, by changing nozzle exit area, make the air distribution connection and reasonable arrangement of wind combustor spout and overfire air port, to realize air stage feeding, burning step by step makes reasonable, the uniformity of temperature profile of burner hearth oxygen concentration distribution.
1, wind is divided into deep or light different air-flow and enters lower hearth and burning, gasification by different spouts:
At first will be arranged in a wind on the lower hearth arch of W type flame furnace is divided into deep or light different air-flow and enters lower hearth by different spouts, pyrolysis, gasification and gas-fired take place in coal dust under high temperature and strong reducing property atmosphere, make full use of the pyrolysis of coal self and gasification product with fuel type NO
xBe converted into more stable N
2Along with coke takes fire, oxygen expenditure increases, but air distributions such as control secondary wind make the combustion zone still keep a section of reduction atmosphere, with further inhibition NO
xGeneration; The last after-flame wind that in time replenishes also makes it fully to mix with coal dust, creates oxygen enrichment but is unlikely to produce heating power type NO
xHot environment, avoid being difficult to the coke of after-flame and postpone in the low-temperature space burning, to guarantee the abundant after-flame of coal.Thereby realize reducing simultaneously the decoupling burning of NOx and unburned carbon in flue dust.
The structure of W type flame furnace of the present invention and air distribution mode are as shown in Figure 1.
Adopt multichannel coal dust decoupling burning device, coal powder density is divided into three grades (also can be more multistage), ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession on arch before and after the lower hearth with light powder air-flow, and the breeze airflow of variable concentrations sprays into lower hearth vertically downward by different passage spouts.
Make the highest breeze airflow of coal powder density enter the outlet of a super dense wind snout 8 of burner hearth near lower hearth 2, it is descending successively by the past stove hall front-back wall side word order in burner hearth center that a dense wind snout 7 and a light wind snout etc. are pressed coal powder density; In order further to concentrate flame, a plurality of deep or light spout of aforementioned word order also can the above adjacent parallel of two rows be arranged, and forms one group.
(18m/s～35m/s), the ability of entrainmenting is strong, has both ensured in time and has caught fire, and is also stronger towards ability under the coal dust simultaneously for the breeze airflow effluxvelocity height that coal powder density is the highest.Light tube cell fineness of pulverized coal is higher, and the zone lower in the back-fire side temperature also relatively easily catches fire.Along with spent super thick coal culm air-flow flows in burner hearth, should super thick coal culm air-flow in time mix with adjacent dense powder air-flow and light powder air-flow in succession, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, sneak into air-flow and be heated to ignition temperature in succession, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn; The interval of a plurality of wind snouts arranges, strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly helps burner and surely fires, and burnt in succession to light by dense, and the consumption of oxygen is increased step by step, also helps reducing NO
xGeneration; Make coal dust in the bigger spatial dimension internal combustion of lower hearth simultaneously, can significantly reduce lower hearth outlet position local temperature peaks value, also can make coal dust at the lower hearth sufficient combustion.
2, secondary wind air distribution, according to the staggered burner hearth of sending into of the combustion process of breeze airflow:
The vault secondary air separating is two parts, and a part is the surrounding air (not shown) of cool burner spout, is controlled at about 2～8%, and surrounding air too conference influences the effect of deep or light separation; A part is along the descending adherent wind of front-back wall.The lower hearth arch is gone up the front-back wall of adherent overfire air port 5 next-door neighbour's lower hearths 2 of arranging, mainly in order near the burner hearth front-back wall, to entrainment high-temperature flue gas, alleviate the coking and the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall, increase secondary wind and the descending aggregated momentum of wind of vault, and in time replenish portion of air, wind rate about 15～30% to a wind that catches fire.
The front and back side wall overfire air port of lower hearth 2 is divided into two-layer up and down, and overfire air port 4 is staggered with wind snout of each group near aforementioned wind snouts on the side wall, respectively organizes a wind snout jet slit at interval and injects lower hearth under oblique from aforementioned.Overfire air port 3 is below overfire air port on the side wall 4 under the side wall, near the furnace hopper of lower hearth bottom, injects lower hearth under oblique under wind snout jet.
Upper strata secondary wind wind rate is about 25～45%, and overfire air port 4 designs will ensure enough rigidity on this side wall, has enough ranges to extend through the middle part of lower hearth, and up coal dust provides excess air at burner hearth middle part after-flame in order to reverse from furnace bottom.This secondary wind also will have the ability of enough jet entrainments, and the high-temperature flue gas at lower hearth middle part is refluxed to the side wall degree of depth, improves near the furnace temperature of burner region and front-back wall, promotes that burner in time catches fire, and improves the uniformity in lower hearth temperature field.This secondary wind also can draw general mood stream, improves wind stroke at lower hearth, wafts on avoiding earlier.In addition, when this secondary wind passed between descending general mood stream of two adjacent groups, this secondary wind diffusion part mixed with a descending wind that spreads apart, and can in time replenish some combustion airs, guarantee combustion intensity lasting.This secondary wind still has certain rigidity after entering burner hearth middle part, this secondary wind of front-back wall forms and liquidates, and the burning later stage that helps strengthening breeze airflow mixes, and reduces the concentration field inequality that wind centralized arrangement and laminar flow cause.
Lower floor's secondary wind wind rate is about 20～40%, is mainly spent coal dust an amount of combustion-supporting air is provided, and simultaneously descending coal dust is held, and is carried that it is up, avoids coal dust to wash away the furnace hopper coking.Overfire air port 3 is near furnace bottom under this side wall, and secondary wind rigidity is unsuitable excessive, and dispersed placement helps mixing with descending coal dust diffusion equably.This secondary air flow is also unsuitable excessive, to reduce burner hearth bottom pressure, helps improving the downward storke of a wind.
Lower hearth furnace hopper wall 15 positions are provided with the bottom boundary wind snout 1 of wind rate about 5～10%, and bottom boundary wind can hold up the coal dust of segregation, and a small amount of combustion air is provided, to avoid the furnace bottom coking and to reduce boiler slag carbon content.
The front-back wall of the upper furnace 11 of close lower hearth 2 outlets is provided with the upper furnace after-flame wind snout 9 that has a down dip with horizontal sextant angle 0～30 degree, and wind rate 5%～15% is mainly near the excess air of control lower hearth outlet.In addition, also can improve near the oxygen content the upper furnace front-back wall, improve wind and secondary air separating laminar flow and move the concentration field inequality that causes.
The main feature of the decoupling burning method of W type flame furnace of the present invention is:
A wind of the present invention can realize that by combustion system step by step bigger degree of depth ground reduces fuel type NO
xGeneration.Ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession with light powder air-flow, and the ultra-concentrating powder air-flow is near the burner hearth high-temperature region, and in the side of waring oneself in front of a fire, light powder air-flow is at back-fire side.Not only temperature field and distribution of concentration are reasonable, and have strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly help burner and surely fire, and also help the fast pyrogenation gasification of coal dust; The consumption of oxygen is increased step by step to light burning in succession by dense, also help the dark width of cloth and reduce NO
xGeneration.Secondary air separating level air distribution of the present invention is more reasonable, has realized more meticulous subregion burning.One time wind burning initial stage ambient air amount is very little, and except that self-contained air, mainly the excess air by backflow flue gas in vault secondary wind and the lower hearth provides combustion-supporting, and reducing atmosphere is dense, and the duration is longer, thereby for suppressing fuel type NO
xGeneration very favourable.Secondary wind mixes step by step with a wind and carries out, to remain higher furnace temperature and an amount of air capacity, combustion centre's scope is enlarged to lower hearth, make the lower hearth temperature field more even, avoid the local temperature peak value too high, prolong the coal dust firing stroke and can improve the flame degree of filling simultaneously, reduce heating power type NO when having improved combustion intensity
xGeneration; Overfire air port 4 is as the air-supply of a part of after-flame wind on the wall, excessive air is just in time sneaked at the lower hearth middle part, can impel residual coke at the high-temperature region after-flame early, prolongation is in the clean-burning time of lower hearth, avoid a large amount of retarded by combustion at the lower hearth exit region simultaneously, form high-temperature oxygen-enriched environment, with control NO
xGeneration.
Combination by wind snout and overfire air port etc. like this, realize catching fire step by step, the mode that oxygen is supplied with is step by step finished the multi-region combustion process of after-flame under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere again of burning earlier under low-temperature reduction atmosphere, removed fly ash combustible material, CO and the NO of coal dust firing
xThe coupling emission problem, realized the decoupling burning that the two discharging reduces simultaneously.
Overfire air port 4 ranges extend through the middle part of lower hearth on the side wall of the present invention, not only can be used as the air-supply of a part of after-flame wind, the high-temperature flue gas at lower hearth middle part is refluxed to the side wall degree of depth, improve near the furnace temperature of burner region and front-back wall, promote that burner in time catches fire, improve the uniformity in lower hearth temperature field.This secondary wind also can draw general mood stream, improves wind stroke at lower hearth.In addition, this secondary wind diffusion part mixes with a descending wind that spreads apart, and can in time replenish some combustion airs, ensures continuing of combustion intensity.This secondary wind of front-back wall forms at lower hearth middle part and liquidates, and the burning later stage that helps strengthening breeze airflow mixes, and reduces the concentration field inequality that wind centralized arrangement and laminar flow cause.
Not only can reduce near the water-cooling wall reducing atmosphere from the descending adherent secondary wind of dome portions near the lower hearth front-back wall of the present invention, help reducing the generation of furnace water cooling wall high-temperature corrosion and coking.Also can increase the backflow ability of entrainmenting, avoid the backflow of low-temperature space inside, improve near the furnace temperature of front-back wall, also can be a wind simultaneously and replenish the high temperature combustion air high-temperature flue gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural front view of W type flame coal dust decoupling burning stove of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure side view of W type flame coal dust decoupling burning stove of the present invention.
The accompanying drawing sign
1, overfire air port under bottom boundary wind snout 2, lower hearth 3, the side wall
4, overfire air port 5, adherent overfire air port 6, a light wind snout on the side wall
7, a dense wind snout 8, a super dense wind snout 9, upper furnace after-flame wind snout
10, flue gas stream 11, upper furnace 12, upper furnace side wall
13, lower hearth arch 14, lower hearth side wall 15, lower hearth furnace hopper wall
16, wall 17, boiler front wall behind the boiler
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing W type flame decoupling burning stove of the present invention and decoupling burning method are further detailed.
Shown in Fig. 1～2, W type flame decoupling burning stove of the present invention comprises under bottom boundary wind snout 1, lower hearth 2, the side wall overfire air port 4 on overfire air port 3, the side wall, adherent overfire air port 5, a light wind snout 6, a dense wind snout 7, a super dense wind snout 8, upper furnace after-flame wind snout 9, flue gas stream 10, upper furnace 11, upper furnace side wall 12, lower hearth arch 13, lower hearth side wall 14, lower hearth furnace hopper wall 15 and boiler abutment wall 16.
The structure of W type flame furnace of the present invention and air distribution mode are as shown in Figure 1.
Adopt multichannel coal dust decoupling burning device, coal powder density is divided into three grades (also can be more multistage), ultra-concentrating powder air-flow, the dense powder air-flow of low concentration separate arranged in succession on arch before and after the lower hearth with light powder air-flow, and the breeze airflow of variable concentrations sprays into lower hearth vertically downward by different passage spouts.
Make the highest breeze airflow of coal powder density enter the outlet of a super dense wind snout 8 of burner hearth near lower hearth 2, it is descending successively by the past stove hall front-back wall side word order in burner hearth center that a dense wind snout 7 and a light wind snout etc. are pressed coal powder density; In order further to concentrate flame, a plurality of deep or light spout of aforementioned word order also can the above adjacent parallel of two rows be arranged, and forms one group.
At first will be arranged in a wind on the lower hearth arch of W type flame furnace is divided into deep or light different air-flow and enters lower hearth by different spouts, pyrolysis, gasification and gas-fired take place in coal dust under high temperature and strong reducing property atmosphere, make full use of the pyrolysis of coal self and gasification product with fuel type NO
xBe converted into more stable N
2Along with coke takes fire, oxygen expenditure increases, but air distributions such as control secondary wind make the combustion zone still keep a section of reduction atmosphere, with further inhibition NO
xGeneration; The last after-flame wind that in time replenishes also makes it fully to mix with coal dust, creates oxygen enrichment but is unlikely to produce heating power type NO
xHot environment, avoid being difficult to the coke of after-flame and postpone in the low-temperature space burning, to guarantee the abundant after-flame of coal.Thereby realize reducing simultaneously the decoupling burning of NOx and unburned carbon in flue dust.
Concrete operations are when adopting W type flame decoupling burning stove of the present invention to carry out decoupling burning:
At first will be arranged in a wind on the lower hearth arch of W type flame furnace is divided into deep or light different air-flow and enters lower hearth by different spouts, the breeze airflow effluxvelocity height that coal powder density is the highest (18m/s～35m/s), the ability of entrainmenting is strong, both ensured in time and caught fire, also stronger under the coal dust simultaneously towards ability.Light tube cell fineness of pulverized coal is higher, and the zone lower in the back-fire side temperature also relatively easily catches fire.Along with spent super thick coal culm air-flow flows in burner hearth, should super thick coal culm air-flow in time mix with adjacent dense powder air-flow and light powder air-flow in succession, under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, sneak into air-flow and be heated to ignition temperature in succession, remain the pyrolytic gasification of coal dust fast, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn; The interval of a plurality of wind snouts arranges, strengthened the surface area that wind entrainments high-temperature flue gas, promptly helps burner and surely fires, and burnt in succession to light by dense, and the consumption of oxygen is increased step by step, also helps reducing NO
xGeneration; Make coal dust in the bigger spatial dimension internal combustion of lower hearth simultaneously, can significantly reduce lower hearth outlet position local temperature peaks value, also can make coal dust at the lower hearth sufficient combustion.
Secondary wind air distribution, send into burner hearth according to the combustion process of breeze airflow is staggered: the vault secondary air separating is two parts, a part is the surrounding air (not shown) of cool burner spout, is controlled at about 2～8%, and surrounding air too conference influences the effect of deep or light separation; A part is along the descending adherent wind of front-back wall.The lower hearth arch is gone up the front-back wall of adherent overfire air port 5 next-door neighbour's lower hearths 2 of arranging, mainly in order near the burner hearth front-back wall, to entrainment high-temperature flue gas, alleviate the coking and the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall, increase secondary wind and the descending aggregated momentum of wind of vault, and in time replenish portion of air, wind rate about 15～30% to a wind that catches fire.
The front and back side wall overfire air port of lower hearth 2 is divided into two-layer up and down, and overfire air port 4 is staggered with wind snout of each group near aforementioned wind snouts on the side wall, respectively organizes a wind snout jet slit at interval and injects lower hearth under oblique from aforementioned.Overfire air port 3 is below overfire air port on the side wall 4 under the side wall, near the furnace hopper of lower hearth bottom, injects lower hearth under oblique under wind snout jet.
Upper strata secondary wind wind rate is about 25～45%, and overfire air port 4 designs will ensure enough rigidity on this side wall, has enough ranges to extend through the middle part of lower hearth, and up coal dust provides excess air at burner hearth middle part after-flame in order to reverse from furnace bottom.This secondary wind also will have the ability of enough jet entrainments, and the high-temperature flue gas at lower hearth middle part is refluxed to the side wall degree of depth, improves near the furnace temperature of burner region and front-back wall, promotes that burner in time catches fire, and improves the uniformity in lower hearth temperature field.This secondary wind also can draw general mood stream, improves wind stroke at lower hearth, wafts on avoiding earlier.In addition, when this secondary wind passed between descending general mood stream of two adjacent groups, this secondary wind diffusion part mixed with a descending wind that spreads apart, and can in time replenish some combustion airs, guarantee combustion intensity lasting.This secondary wind still has certain rigidity after entering burner hearth middle part, this secondary wind of front-back wall forms and liquidates, and the burning later stage that helps strengthening breeze airflow mixes, and reduces the concentration field inequality that wind centralized arrangement and laminar flow cause.
Lower floor's secondary wind wind rate is about 20～40%, is mainly spent coal dust an amount of combustion-supporting air is provided, and simultaneously descending coal dust is held, and is carried that it is up, avoids coal dust to wash away the furnace hopper coking.Overfire air port 3 is near furnace bottom under this side wall, and secondary wind rigidity is unsuitable excessive, and dispersed placement helps mixing with descending coal dust diffusion equably.This secondary air flow is also unsuitable excessive, to reduce burner hearth bottom pressure, helps improving the downward storke of a wind.
Lower hearth furnace hopper wall 15 positions are provided with the bottom boundary wind snout 1 of wind rate about 5～10%, and bottom boundary wind can hold up the coal dust of segregation, and a small amount of combustion air is provided, to avoid the furnace bottom coking and to reduce boiler slag carbon content.
The front-back wall of the upper furnace 11 of close lower hearth 2 outlets is provided with the upper furnace after-flame wind snout 9 that has a down dip with horizontal sextant angle 0～30 degree, and wind rate 5%～15% is mainly near the excess air of control lower hearth outlet.In addition, also can improve near the oxygen content the upper furnace front-back wall, improve wind and secondary air separating laminar flow and move the concentration field inequality that causes.
Claims (10)
1. W type flame decoupling burning stove, the burner hearth of this decoupling burning stove is surrounded by front and back side wall, upper furnace side wall (12), lower hearth arch (13), lower hearth side wall (14) and lower hearth furnace hopper wall (15), it is characterized in that,
On described lower hearth arch (13), a wind snout of some groups is set, every group of wind snout is followed successively by a super dense wind snout (8), a dense wind snout (7) and a light wind snout (6) outward by the burner hearth center, described some groups of wind snouts are gone up at lower hearth arch (13) and are provided with between front-back wall, and spout is directed downwards;
On described lower hearth side wall (14), be symmetrical arranged overfire air port on some side walls (4), the wind energy of overfire air port on side wall (4) ejection reaches the burner hearth middle part, enough abilities of entrainmenting are arranged, the high-temperature flue gas on lower hearth top is refluxed, to guarantee super thick coal culm fast pyrogenation, gasification and burning to the side wall degree of depth;
On described each side wall overfire air port (4) with every group of wind snout along front and back to being crisscross arranged;
Described lower hearth side wall (14) is gone up overfire air port under some side walls (3) is being set between the front-back wall, is used for replenishing combustion-supporting gas and descending coal dust is held, so that coal dust fully burns and avoid coal dust to wash away the furnace hopper coking.
2. W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, every group dense wind snout of a super dense wind snout (8) (7) and the single setting of a light wind snout (6) in described some groups of wind snouts, or adopting double parallel setting, the air-flow of a described wind snout (8,7,6) ejection and the angle on the vertical direction are 0～30 to spend.
3. W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the outside of a described light wind snout (6) some adherent overfire air ports (5) are set also, be used near the burner hearth front-back wall, entrainmenting high-temperature flue gas, alleviate the coking and the high temperature corrosion of furnace wall, and in time replenish air to a wind that catches fire.
4. W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is horizontally disposed with some bottom boundary wind snouts (1) in the bottom symmetry of described lower hearth furnace hopper wall (15).
5. W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, overfire air port under the described side wall (3) is long and narrow air port, be used to provide combustion-supporting gas, coal dust is fully burnt, overfire air port on the described side wall (4) spout direction is oblique following, with horizontal sextant angle 0～60 degree, overfire air port (3) under described some side walls, the spout direction is oblique down, with horizontal sextant angle 0～30 degree.
6. W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, to being oppositely arranged some upper furnace after-flame wind snouts (9) that have a down dip, this upper furnace after-flame wind snout (9) tilt angled down is to spend less than 45 with horizontal sextant angle before and after described upper furnace side wall (12) upper edge.
7. the decoupling burning method based on the W type flame decoupling burning stove of one of claim 1 to 6 is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
1) coal powder density is descending breeze airflow feeds a super dense wind snout (8), in a dense wind snout (7) and the light wind snout (6), under the effect of the combustion heat and the hot flue gas of high temperature reflux, super thick coal culm fast pyrogenation in the super dense wind snout (8), gasification and burning, spent super thick coal culm air-flow flows in burner hearth, and with adjacent dense powder air-flow, mix with light powder air-flow, the gasification of residue coal dust fast pyrogenation, make in the coal fugitive constituent fully separate out and burn, the consumption of oxygen increases step by step in this process, described burning, pyrolysis and gasification are all reacted under reducing atmosphere, the NO of generation
xContent reduces;
2) in coal dust firing on the side wall under overfire air port (4) and the side wall overfire air port (3) carry out air distribution, the air quantity of overfire air port on the side wall (4) is 20～45% of a secondary wind total amount, the range of overfire air port on the side wall (4) air distribution extends through the middle part of lower hearth, the jet entrainment ability is strong, high-temperature flue gas on lower hearth top refluxes to the side wall degree of depth, burner in time catches fire, general mood of this secondary wind traction flows simultaneously, one time wind improves at the stroke of lower hearth, coal dust is avoided wafing on too early, and when this secondary wind passes between the adjacent descending general mood stream, mix, replenish combustion air with a descending wind that spreads apart;
The lower floor's secondary wind air quantity that feeds is 20～45% of a secondary wind total amount, further replenishes combustion-supporting air, simultaneously descending coal dust is held, and is carried that it is up, washes away the furnace hopper coking to avoid coal dust.
8. the decoupling burning method of W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 7 is characterized in that the breeze airflow effluxvelocity that coal powder density is the highest in the described step 1) is 15m/s～50m/s.
9. the decoupling burning method of W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described method further comprises the step of carrying out air distribution by bottom boundary wind snout (1), and its air quantity is 5～10% of a secondary wind total amount, to avoid the furnace bottom coking and to reduce boiler slag carbon content.
10. the decoupling burning method of W type flame decoupling burning stove according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described method further comprises the process of upper furnace after-flame wind snout (9) air distribution, its air quantity is 5%～25% of a secondary wind total amount, with near the excess air the control lower hearth outlet, improves wind and secondary air separating laminar flow and move the concentration field inequality that causes.
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