CN102291186A - Frequency spectrum perceiving method based on estimation of signal arrival direction - Google Patents

Frequency spectrum perceiving method based on estimation of signal arrival direction Download PDF

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CN102291186A
CN102291186A CN2011101880306A CN201110188030A CN102291186A CN 102291186 A CN102291186 A CN 102291186A CN 2011101880306 A CN2011101880306 A CN 2011101880306A CN 201110188030 A CN201110188030 A CN 201110188030A CN 102291186 A CN102291186 A CN 102291186A
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frequency spectrum
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谢晶晶
傅志中
鲜海滢
徐进
刘洪盛
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of frequency spectrum sensing methods based on estimating DOA forsingals, it include: in the cognitive radio system of application intelligent antenna technology, signal transmission direction angle is treated as a kind of spectrum opportunities, two step perception are carried out to primary user's signal: detecting primary user's signal with based on generalized likelihood-ratio test method first, i.e., with the maximum eigenvalue of sample covariance matrix and characteristic value and the ratio between As test statistics, the given false-alarm probability with basis The decision threshold of setting It compares to adjudicate primary user's signal and whether there is, if primary user is not present, the channel can be used, if primary user exists, further with the direction of classical MUSIC algorithm estimation primary user's signal arrival. Cognitive user can choose other and will not communicate to direction that primary user interferes, this frequency spectrum sensing method not only can effectively detecting period, frequency, spatial domain frequency spectrum cavity-pocket, the frequency spectrum cavity-pocket of angle domain can also be perceived, increase spectrum opportunities.

Description

A kind of frequency spectrum sensing method of estimating based on direction of arrival of signal
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implementation method of the main user's frequency spectrum perception in the cognitive radio, belong to communication technical field.
Background technology
In recent decades, development of wireless communication devices is advanced by leaps and bounds, mobile communication system is from the analog communication system (AMPS of the first generation (1G), TACS), the global system for mobile communications (GSM) of the second generation (2G) and IS-95 system development be to the broadband CDMA system (WCDM), code division multiple access (CDMA 2000) and TD SDMA (TD-CDMA) system that begin the commercial third generation (3G), its next stage will evolve to afterwards three generations/four generations (B3G/4G) mobile communication system.Wireless access technology numerous standards occurred and has satisfied the demand of people to the data business, such as Wireless Personal Network (WPAN), wireless lan (wlan) and wireless MAN (WMAN) etc.Along with the information-intensive society rapid economy development, people constantly increase the demand of mobile communication and broadband wireless access business, and the radio spectrum resources demand is more and more.Yet the utilizable radio spectrum resources of nature is limited, and the utilance that therefore how to improve frequency spectrum is the main task of wireless communication field.
In the wireless frequency spectrum management, the frequency spectrum resource of overwhelming majority country all is to adopt the fixed allocation mode in the world at present, by special spectrum management department whole wireless frequency spectrum is divided into continuous frequency range, distributes specific frequency range to use for the particular communication user.The a frequency spectrum that FCC (FCC) publishes in December, 2002 uses statistical report to point out, it is very frequent that some authorizes frequency range to use, and some authorizes frequency range very idle.The spectrum utilization figure that another part measured by U.S. Berkeley radio research center shows have nearly in the frequency range below the 3GHz that has distributed that 70% frequency spectrum resource is underutilized.This fixed frequency spectrum method of salary distribution has caused the waste of frequency spectrum resource, is a main cause of spectrum requirement anxiety.Idle frequency spectrum is utilized, how to improve the utilization ratio of frequency spectrum, become the technical problem that people pay special attention to, in order to address this problem, Joseph Mitola III doctor in 1999 further expands the notion of software radio, has introduced the notion of cognitive radio.Its thought is to allow unauthorized user (also claiming cognitive user) main user not being caused under the prerequisite of interference, enjoys idle mandate frequency spectrum, and wherein, frequency spectrum perception is the important assurance that cognitive radio is achieved.Frequency spectrum perception is meant by the perceived spectral cavity, is currently available for the spectrum opportunities of cognitive radio users communication with identification.Existing frequency spectrum sensing method all is based on spectrum opportunities and is defined as " frequency band that is not used by main user " in special time characteristics geographic area, and it has only developed the frequency spectrum cavity-pocket of frequency, time, three dimensions in space.Develop rapidly along with multi-antenna technology, as beam shaping, the transmission of signal is directive, and the multi-user can be multiplexed into identical channel in identical area of identical time, therefore can create new spectrum opportunities to the part of orientation angle as spectrum space.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: problem to be solved by this invention is: the frequency spectrum perception of travel direction angle domain how, thus can create new spectrum opportunities.
Technical scheme: technical problem proposed by the invention is to solve like this:
A kind of frequency spectrum sensing method of estimating based on direction of arrival of signal is characterized in that:
At first whether main subscriber signal is existed and detect;
Testing result A: main subscriber signal does not exist, and shows that main this moment user does not take this frequency range, need not to do further perception again; B:, further the arrival direction of this signal is estimated again if main subscriber signal exists.
Further:
At first use the eigenvalue of maximum of the theoretical sample covariance matrix with received signal of generalized likelihood-ratio test and the ratio of characteristic value sum As test statistics, with decision threshold Make comparisons and judge with this whether main subscriber signal exists, if exist, then further estimate the arrival direction of main subscriber signal, step comprises: false alarm probability is satisfied in sample covariance matrix, the calculating of calculating received signal
Figure 517511DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Decision threshold
Figure 9673DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, calculate
Figure 251298DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, whether signal existed adjudicate, if judgement exists for signal, the direction DOA of estimated signal arrival.
Concrete method is:
A. calculate the sample covariance matrix of received signal: establish
Figure 588738DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The discrete signal behind over-sampling that the expression cognitive user receives from the even linear array of M array element, then the sample covariance matrix of received signal is:
Figure 294526DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Wherein, N is a hits;
B. calculate and satisfy
Figure 629693DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Judging threshold
Figure 423861DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
:
Figure 502675DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein, Be the cumulative distribution function that Tracy-Widom the 2nd distributes,
Figure 896933DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Be false alarm probability, M is the array number of aerial array, and N is the hits of each array element signals;
C. calculate
Figure 847572DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
: right
Figure 792394DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Carry out feature decomposition,
Figure 144878DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
,
Figure 149743DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
For The Hermitia matrix,
Figure 70612DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Be the diagonal matrix that successively decreases, Be the characteristic value of matrix, calculate
Figure 656631DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
In maximum with
Figure 644178DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Element and ratio;
Whether d. adjudicate main user exists: if
Figure 868486DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
, then judgement is that main subscriber signal exists, and shows that this band frequency is also needed the arrival direction of further perception master subscriber signal by main CU at this moment, if
Figure 992300DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
, then judgement is that main subscriber signal does not exist, and shows that main this moment user does not take this frequency range, need not to do further perception again;
E. DOA estimates: exist if the court verdict of d part is main subscriber signal, then will estimate main user's DOA, calculate the Music spectrum:
Figure 276651DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Wherein,
Figure 782423DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Be the distance between array element,
Figure 964006DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
It is carrier wavelength
Figure 215996DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
It is sample covariance matrix
Figure 115819DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Figure 744246DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
The matrix that individual minimal eigenvalue characteristic of correspondence vector constitutes, the peak of search MUSIC spectrum
Figure 45914DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure 406489DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
It is exactly the direction of the main subscriber signal arrival of estimation.
Beneficial effect: the present invention applies to antenna system, can not only the interior main user of perception special time special frequency channel whether use channel, and orientation angle as a kind of spectrum opportunities, when main user also further arrival direction of estimating main user when using channel, more existing cognitive method can increase spectrum opportunities.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an angle domain spectrum opportunities schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is based on the frequency spectrum perception schematic flow sheet that direction is estimated.
Embodiment
For making technical scheme of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The spectrum opportunities in orientation angle territory is referring to Fig. 1.Main user and cognitive user all are the directional transmissions signals among the figure, when main user A when a direction 1 is communicated by letter with main user B, cognitive user A can communicate by letter with cognitive user B in direction 2.Therefore angle can be used as a kind of spectrum opportunities and carries out perception.
Cognitive device finds that by frequency spectrum perception frequency spectrum " cavity " communicates.Suppose that the cognitive user receiver has the even linear array of M array element, the distance between array element is
Figure 855924DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
,
Figure 225726DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Less than PU signal carrier wavelength half, have Individual narrow band signal, carrier wavelength is
Figure 975693DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, incidence angle is , use
Figure 820338DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
Expression PU signal does not exist,
Figure 831020DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Expression PU signal exists, and can be summed up as following binary hypothesis test problem to main user's detection:
Wherein,
Figure 957424DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Be white Gaussian noise,
Figure 731345DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
,
Figure 596533DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
Be that the CR receiver is from
Figure 735391DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
The signal that receives on the root antenna,
Figure 384065DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
Represent the signal of main user's emission, A is the direction matrix
Figure 633781DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Supposition has only a main user to be detected among the present invention, promptly
Fig. 2 is based on the flow chart of the frequency spectrum perception of direction of arrival of signal, and this flow chart may further comprise the steps:
201: according to the calculated signals covariance matrix that receives;
Figure 991130DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
202: right
Figure 124171DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Carry out characteristic value decomposition
Figure 177578DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Be the diagonal matrix that successively decreases,
Figure 79675DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The Hermitia matrix, calculate
Figure 560335DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
203: in given false alarm probability Calculate decision threshold down,
Figure 772190DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
，
204：
If
Figure 466477DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
, then judgement is for being main subscriber signal existence
If
Figure 180355DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
, then judgement is that main subscriber signal does not exist
205: after adjudicating main subscriber signal existence, calculate the MUSIC spectrum
Wherein,
Figure 620880DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
206 search
Figure 231990DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
Obtaining peaked position, is exactly the direction of main user's arrival of estimation.
207: output.204 judgements represent that main user does not exist for not the time.Represent that promptly main user not in communication, is output as the channel that cognitive user can be used this main user.Judgement is "Yes", through the peak of search MUSIC spectrum, is output as main user's arrival direction, and then output expression cognitive user can select not disturb other direction communications of this direction communication.

Claims (3)

1. frequency spectrum sensing method of estimating based on direction of arrival of signal is characterized in that:
At first whether main subscriber signal is existed and detect;
Testing result A: main subscriber signal does not exist, and shows that main this moment user does not take this frequency range, need not to do further perception again; B:, further the arrival direction of this signal is estimated again if main subscriber signal exists.
2. a kind of frequency spectrum sensing method of estimating based on direction of arrival of signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: at first use the eigenvalue of maximum of the theoretical sample covariance matrix with received signal of generalized likelihood-ratio test and the ratio of characteristic value sum
Figure 269237DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
As test statistics, with decision threshold
Figure 400004DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Make comparisons and judge with this whether main subscriber signal exists, if exist, then further estimate the arrival direction of main subscriber signal, step comprises: false alarm probability is satisfied in sample covariance matrix, the calculating of calculating received signal
Figure 538861DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Decision threshold
Figure 57043DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, calculate
Figure 306758DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, whether signal existed adjudicate, if judgement exists for signal, the direction DOA of estimated signal arrival.
3. a kind of frequency spectrum sensing method of estimating based on direction of arrival of signal according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that concrete steps are:
A. calculate the sample covariance matrix of received signal: establish
Figure 167398DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The discrete signal behind over-sampling that the expression cognitive user receives from the even linear array of M array element, then the sample covariance matrix of received signal is:
Figure 477157DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Wherein, N is a hits;
B. calculate and satisfy
Figure 485564DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Judging threshold
Figure 538971DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
:
Figure 316434DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Wherein,
Figure 797094DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Be the cumulative distribution function that Tracy-Widom the 2nd distributes,
Figure 27218DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Be false alarm probability, M is the array number of aerial array, and N is the hits of each array element signals;
C. calculate
Figure 884315DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
: right
Figure 578602DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Carry out feature decomposition,
Figure 167846DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
,
Figure 213163DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
For The Hermitia matrix,
Figure 94848DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Be the diagonal matrix that successively decreases,
Figure 182890DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Be the characteristic value of matrix, calculate
Figure 378817DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
In maximum with
Figure 312138DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Element and ratio;
Whether d. adjudicate main user exists: if , then judgement is that main subscriber signal exists, and shows that this band frequency is also needed the arrival direction of further perception master subscriber signal by main CU at this moment, if , then judgement is that main subscriber signal does not exist, and shows that main this moment user does not take this frequency range, need not to do further perception again;
E. DOA estimates: exist if the court verdict of d part is main subscriber signal, then will estimate main user's DOA, calculate the Music spectrum:
Figure 666393DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Wherein,
Figure 606667DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Figure 130053DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Be the distance between array element,
Figure 232001DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
It is carrier wavelength
Figure 473626DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
It is sample covariance matrix
Figure 952012DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The matrix that individual minimal eigenvalue characteristic of correspondence vector constitutes, the peak of search MUSIC spectrum
Figure 930649DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure 331675DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
It is exactly the direction of the main subscriber signal arrival of estimation.
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CN103684626A (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-26 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Multi user cooperative frequency spectrum sensing data fusion method and device
CN104301281A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-01-21 西安电子科技大学 Transmitting antenna number estimation method for MIMO-OFDM system under frequency selective fading channel
CN104660356A (en) * 2015-03-13 2015-05-27 湖南大学 Half-blindness collaborative spectrum sensing method with reliable false-alarm performance
CN105357677A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-02-24 上海电机学院 High-efficiency communication method using multi-antennas in cognitive radio system
CN106788793A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 北京邮电大学 A kind of frequency spectrum detecting method and device based on directional aerial angle domain
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CN111835392A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 电子科技大学 Multi-antenna space-domain spectrum sensing method based on non-circular signals
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WO2023213081A1 (en) * 2022-05-05 2023-11-09 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Spectrum sensing method, electronic device and computer readable storage medium

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CN103684626A (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-26 中兴通讯股份有限公司 Multi user cooperative frequency spectrum sensing data fusion method and device
CN104301281A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-01-21 西安电子科技大学 Transmitting antenna number estimation method for MIMO-OFDM system under frequency selective fading channel
CN104660356B (en) * 2015-03-13 2017-11-10 湖南大学 A kind of collaborative frequency spectrum sensing method of half-blindness with reliable false-alarm performance
CN104660356A (en) * 2015-03-13 2015-05-27 湖南大学 Half-blindness collaborative spectrum sensing method with reliable false-alarm performance
CN105357677B (en) * 2015-12-15 2019-03-26 上海电机学院 The efficient communication method of multiple antennas is utilized in a kind of system for cognitive radio
CN105357677A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-02-24 上海电机学院 High-efficiency communication method using multi-antennas in cognitive radio system
WO2017219603A1 (en) * 2016-06-20 2017-12-28 北京大学 Method for identifying a wireless signal reflected by moving object
CN106788793A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 北京邮电大学 A kind of frequency spectrum detecting method and device based on directional aerial angle domain
CN106788793B (en) * 2016-12-28 2020-03-27 北京邮电大学 Spectrum detection method and device based on directional antenna angle domain
CN106972900A (en) * 2017-05-16 2017-07-21 西安熠泽丰电子科技有限公司 Based on broad sense T2The blind frequency spectrum sensing method of statistic
CN106972900B (en) * 2017-05-16 2020-04-14 西安熠泽丰电子科技有限公司 Based on generalized T2Blind spectrum sensing method for statistics
CN113692605A (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-11-23 株式会社电装 Passive entry/passive start system implementing MUSIC algorithm-based angle of arrival determination for signals received via circularly polarized antennas
CN113692605B (en) * 2019-03-29 2024-02-20 株式会社电装 Passive entry/passive start system for implementing MUSIC algorithm-based angle of arrival determination for signals received via circularly polarized antennas
CN110912630A (en) * 2019-11-26 2020-03-24 电子科技大学 Airspace spectrum sensing method based on multiple antennas
CN111313990B (en) * 2020-02-11 2021-09-28 南通大学 Spectrum sensing method based on signal real-time likelihood ratio
CN111313990A (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-06-19 南通大学 Spectrum sensing method based on signal real-time likelihood ratio
CN111835392A (en) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-27 电子科技大学 Multi-antenna space-domain spectrum sensing method based on non-circular signals
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