CN113037408B - Signal sensing method and device combining space arrival angle and frequency spectrum two-dimensional - Google Patents

Signal sensing method and device combining space arrival angle and frequency spectrum two-dimensional Download PDF

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CN113037408B
CN113037408B CN202110253864.4A CN202110253864A CN113037408B CN 113037408 B CN113037408 B CN 113037408B CN 202110253864 A CN202110253864 A CN 202110253864A CN 113037408 B CN113037408 B CN 113037408B
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angle
grid points
frequency
arrival
matrix
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CN113037408A (en
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王建
李献斌
范广腾
曹璐
张飞
刘勇
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National Defense Technology Innovation Institute PLA Academy of Military Science
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Abstract

The invention discloses a signal sensing method and device combining a space arrival angle and a frequency spectrum in two dimensions. The method comprises the following steps: receiving radiation signals of a radiation source by using a plurality of antennas; performing down-conversion processing on the received signals of the multiple antennas to determine baseband received data of the multiple antennas; weighting the plurality of baseband received data; combining the weighted multiple baseband receiving data into a combined vector, and performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector to obtain multiple angle-frequency grid points; screening angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points; estimating a spatial angle of arrival of the radiated signal using the angle-frequency grid points containing the effective radiated signal; and estimating the frequency response of the radiated signal by using the spatial arrival angle. The method and the device can realize the joint perception of the space arrival angles and the frequency band occupation conditions of a plurality of radiation signals, do not need to utilize prior information of the radiation signals or noise, and have high adaptability.

Description

Signal sensing method and device combining space arrival angle and frequency spectrum two-dimensional
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of signal and information processing, in particular to a signal sensing method and device for two-dimensional combination of a space arrival angle and a frequency spectrum.
Background
With the rapid development of various wireless services, the limited spectrum resources become increasingly scarce due to the huge frequency utilization requirements. How to allocate and utilize spectrum resources and improve spectrum utilization efficiency and bearing capacity under the condition of avoiding mutual interference is an important problem to be solved urgently at present. The cognitive radio technology represented by cognitive radio communication and cognitive radar provides a feasible solution for the problems. The cognitive radio technology automatically adjusts system parameters to adapt to environmental changes by sensing the external electromagnetic environment in real time, so that idle frequency resources are dynamically searched and utilized. Therefore, electromagnetic environment perception is a key technology for cognitive radio applications.
For a given sensing frequency band, judging whether the sensing frequency band is occupied by other radiation signals is an application mode of electromagnetic environment sensing in a frequency dimension. When the form or the statistical characteristic of the radiation signal is known and the noise power can be accurately obtained, whether the radiation signal exists or not can be judged through means such as likelihood ratio detection, cyclostationary detection, matched filtering detection and the like based on the hypothesis test principle. In the absence of a priori information of the radiation signal, energy detection is widely used for the determination of the presence of the radiation signal. The energy detection method can be further divided into time domain energy detection and frequency domain energy detection. The time domain energy detection directly carries out energy accumulation on the time domain signals sampled by the receiving end, and judges whether the signals exist or not according to a judgment threshold calculated under the given false alarm probability. The frequency domain energy detection needs to perform FFT operation on a sampling signal, then perform energy accumulation on the signal in the frequency domain, and further determine whether the radiation signal exists or not through a threshold. Further, there are a detection algorithm based on eigenvalues, a detection algorithm based on covariance, and the like, and it is possible to determine whether or not there is a radiation signal in the perceptual band when both the signal and noise power are unknown.
When the receiver is provided with array antennas, the estimation of the spatial arrival angle of the radiation signal can be realized by using the phase difference of the radiation signal reaching different antennas, which is an application mode of electromagnetic environment perception in spatial dimension. The arrival angle estimation algorithm based on subspace decomposition, such as the MUSIC algorithm, the ESPIRST algorithm and the improvement of the MUSIC algorithm and the ESPIRST algorithm, can break through the Rayleigh limit of space domain signals, and realize high-resolution angle estimation. Subspace fitting algorithms are another widely used type of arrival angle estimation algorithm, which involves complex nonlinear multidimensional search, but can give more accurate angle estimation under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. In addition, the arrival angle estimation algorithm based on sparse decomposition and compressed sensing utilizes the sparse characteristic of the array signal to reduce the signal sampling frequency and the storage overhead.
The existing electromagnetic sensing technology only independently considers the electromagnetic environment sensing of frequency dimension and space dimension, aiming at the problem of spectrum sensing, the prior art cannot judge the number and the orientation of radiation sources, and aiming at the problem of arrival angle estimation, the prior art is difficult to distinguish the frequencies occupied by the radiation sources in different orientations. In addition, the spectrum sensing methods such as likelihood ratio detection, cyclostationary detection, matched filter detection, energy detection and the like need to know prior information such as radiation signal power, system, noise power and the like, and when the prior information is unknown or has deviation, obvious performance degradation can be brought; the spectrum sensing method based on the eigenvalue and the spectrum sensing method based on the covariance need to involve complex operations such as matrix inversion, eigenvalue decomposition and the like, the calculation complexity is generally in direct proportion to the third power of the length of a sampling sequence, and the requirements on the calculation and storage capacity of a system are high; the arrival angle estimation method based on subspace projection and subspace fitting is high in complexity and relates to complex nonlinear multidimensional search; the signal sampling structure required by the arrival angle estimation method based on sparse decomposition and compressed sensing is complex, and the robustness and anti-noise performance of the algorithm are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a signal sensing method and device combining a spatial arrival angle and a frequency spectrum in two dimensions.
In a first aspect, the invention discloses a signal sensing method combining a spatial arrival angle and a frequency spectrum in two dimensions, which comprises the following steps:
receiving radiation signals of a radiation source by using a plurality of antennas;
performing down-conversion processing on the received signals of the plurality of antennas to determine baseband received data of the plurality of antennas;
weighting the plurality of baseband received data;
forming a combined vector by the weighted baseband receiving data, and performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector to obtain a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
estimating a spatial angle-of-arrival of said radiated signals using said angle-frequency grid points containing active radiated signals;
and estimating the frequency response of the radiation signal by using the spatial arrival angle.
In some optional embodiments, the receiving the radiation signal of the radiation source by using a plurality of antennas includes:
configuring a plurality of antennas at a receiver end, and receiving radiation signals of the radiation sources by using the plurality of antennas, wherein the antennas are omnidirectional antennas, and the number of the antennas is greater than that of the radiation sources.
In some alternative embodiments, it is set that: the baseband receiving data received by the m +1 th antenna at the n +1 th sampling moment is ym,nN is 0,1, …, N-1, N represents the number of sampling instants;
using a weighting factor gmReceiving data y to the basebandm,nPerforming weighting processing to obtain weighted data
Figure BDA0002966989930000021
Wherein the weighting coefficient gmDetermining by using formula 2;
Figure BDA0002966989930000031
wherein H is an integer of 2 or more,
Figure BDA0002966989930000032
Figure BDA0002966989930000033
the number of the combinations is the number of the combinations,
Figure BDA0002966989930000034
m is the number of the antennas.
In some optional embodiments, the forming a joint vector by the weighted plurality of baseband received data, performing angle and frequency projection on the joint vector to obtain a plurality of angle-frequency grid points includes:
setting MN order orthogonal matrix
Figure BDA0002966989930000035
Wherein, FMIs an M-th order matrix, matrix FMRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure BDA0002966989930000036
u,v＝0,1,…,M-1，FNIs an N-th order matrix, matrix FNRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure BDA0002966989930000037
u,v＝0,1,…,N-1，
Figure BDA0002966989930000038
Represents an extended multiplication of two matrices;
forming a plurality of weighted baseband receiving data into a joint vector
Figure BDA0002966989930000039
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00029669899300000310
weighting data corresponding to baseband receiving data received by the Mth antenna at the Nth sampling moment;
the joint vector is expressed by equation 3
Figure BDA00029669899300000311
Respectively carrying out orthogonal projection operation with each column of the orthogonal matrix F to determine the joint vector
Figure BDA00029669899300000312
The projected values on the columns of the orthogonal matrix F;
Figure BDA00029669899300000313
wherein R isiRepresenting the joint vector
Figure BDA00029669899300000314
In the i +1 th column of the orthogonal matrix FfiA projected value of (d);
for the projection value RiRearrangement is carried out, i is 0,1, … and MN-1, and an M multiplied by N dimensional matrix is obtained
Figure BDA00029669899300000315
In some optional embodiments, said screening out the angular-frequency grid points containing the effective radiation signal from the plurality of angular-frequency grid points comprises:
setting a set Λ to record serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points, wherein Λ is initialized to be an empty set;
setting an angle-frequency grid point RiThe set of neighborhoods in the spatial angular dimension is Γ (i), where Γ (i) is expressed as:
Γ (i) { (i + wN) modMNw ═ H, -H +1, …, H-1} equation 5;
setting the angle-frequency grid points R using a Bayesian information criterion based on the set Λ and the set Γ (i)iIs BIC (R)i) Wherein, BIC (R)i) Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002966989930000041
||Λ||0representing the number of elements contained in the set Lambda;
based on the set Λ, the set Γ (i), and the decision metric BIC (R)i) And screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals.
In some optional embodiments, the decision metric BIC (R) is based on the set Λ, the set Γ (i), and the decision metric BIC (R)i) Screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals, comprising:
and a global search step: finding the grid points with the maximum energy from the grid points not belonging to the set Λ
Figure BDA00029669899300000412
Determination of grid points using equation 7
Figure BDA00029669899300000413
Serial number i of*Calculating
Figure BDA00029669899300000414
And set Γ (i)*) The set Γ (i)*) Incorporating said set Λ, i*And
Figure BDA00029669899300000415
respectively writing in a set I and a set V, judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches a set upper limit P, if so, executing a measurement sorting step, and if not, executing a local search step;
Figure BDA0002966989930000042
the local search step: from grid point
Figure BDA0002966989930000043
Finding out the grid point which does not belong to the set lambda and has the maximum energy from the N grid points of the row in the matrix R
Figure BDA0002966989930000044
Determination of grid points using equation 8
Figure BDA0002966989930000045
Serial number of
Figure BDA0002966989930000046
Judgment of
Figure BDA0002966989930000047
And whether the number of the elements in the set I is smaller than the set upper limit P is satisfied, if so, updating beta to be
Figure BDA0002966989930000048
Will be assembled
Figure BDA0002966989930000049
Incorporate into said set Λ will
Figure BDA00029669899300000410
And
Figure BDA00029669899300000411
respectively writing the set I and the set V, and executing the local searching step again;
Figure BDA0002966989930000051
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00029669899300000510
representing grid points
Figure BDA0002966989930000052
The sequence numbers of all grid points of the row to which it belongs,
Figure BDA0002966989930000053
represents a lower rounding operation;
the metric sorting step: judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches the set upper limit P, if so, determining the minimum decision metric according to the decision metric value recorded in the set V, and setting the minimum decision metric to correspond to the kth decision metric in the set IminAn element that divides the 1 st to the k th in the set IminOutputting the elements as the serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points;
wherein the set I and the set V are set sets and are initialized to be empty sets.
In some alternative embodiments, the upper limit P is proportional to the density of the radiation sources, the radiation signal bandwidth, and the frequency dimension resolution.
In some optional embodiments, setting the number of elements in the screened set I to be L, and estimating the spatial angle of arrival of the radiation signal by using the angle-frequency grid point containing the effective radiation signal includes:
dividing the screened set I into K' subsets IkK is 0,1, …, …, K' -1, wherein the division into subsets I is madekThe element (B) satisfies
Figure BDA0002966989930000054
Ik(i) Represents a subset IkI +1 th element in (1), I ═ 0,1, …, | | | Ik||0-1，||Ik||0Represents a subset IkThe number of contained elements, K' represents the estimated value of the number of radiation sources;
calculating the weighted combining coefficient w using equation 9k,i；
Figure BDA0002966989930000055
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000056
carrying out normalization processing on the weighting and merging coefficients by using a formula 10;
Figure BDA0002966989930000057
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000058
represents a normalized weighted combining coefficient;
set I is calculated using equation 11kCorresponding spatial angle of arrival estimate
Figure BDA0002966989930000059
Figure BDA0002966989930000061
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000062
in some optional embodiments, the estimating a frequency response of the radiated signal using the spatial angle of arrival comprises:
using the angle of arrival in space
Figure BDA0002966989930000063
Constructing K' space guide vectors
Figure BDA0002966989930000064
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000065
construction matrix
Figure BDA0002966989930000066
Wherein f isN,iI is 0,1, …, and N-1 is a matrix FNThe i +1 th column of (1);
calculating parameters using equation 12
Figure BDA0002966989930000067
Figure BDA0002966989930000068
The parameter i is traversed through 0,1, …, N-1 to obtain N parameters
Figure BDA0002966989930000069
Using N parameters
Figure BDA00029669899300000610
Constructing a K' x N dimensional perceptual matrix
Figure BDA00029669899300000611
Wherein, K 'rows of the sensing matrix C correspond to K' spatial arrival angles, and each row hasThe N elements represent the frequency response within the sensing bandwidth B over the corresponding spatial angle of arrival.
In a second aspect, the present invention further discloses a signal sensing apparatus combining a spatial angle of arrival and a spectrum in two dimensions, where the apparatus includes:
the receiver is provided with a plurality of antennas;
the down-conversion processing module is used for performing down-conversion processing on the receiving signals of the plurality of antennas so as to determine baseband receiving data of the plurality of antennas;
the weighting processing module is used for weighting the plurality of baseband receiving data;
an angle-frequency grid point obtaining module, configured to form a combined vector from the multiple baseband received data after weighting, perform angle and frequency projection on the combined vector, and obtain multiple angle-frequency grid points;
the angle-frequency grid point screening module is used for screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
a spatial angle-of-arrival estimation module for estimating a spatial angle-of-arrival of said radiated signals using said angle-frequency grid points containing active radiated signals;
and the frequency response estimation module is used for estimating the frequency response of the radiation signal by utilizing the space arrival angle.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following main advantages:
the space arrival angle and frequency spectrum two-dimensional combined signal sensing method and device can realize the combined sensing of the space arrival angles and the frequency band occupation conditions of a plurality of radiation signals, do not need to utilize the prior information of the radiation signals or noise, and have high adaptability to the electromagnetic environment with high dynamic changes of signals and noise; and the calculation complexity is proportional to the square of the length of the sampling sequence, and is linear operation, so that the calculation complexity is low and the calculation workload is small.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a signal sensing method combining a spatial angle of arrival and a frequency spectrum in two dimensions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a signal sensing model combining a spatial angle of arrival and a spectrum in two dimensions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between time-domain tap coefficients of a weighting vector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a magnitude-frequency plot of the frequency response of a weighting vector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a phase-frequency diagram of the frequency response of a weight vector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a projection value and a spatial angle-frequency relationship according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of a method for screening angle-frequency grid points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a signal sensing method combining a spatial angle of arrival and a spectrum in two dimensions, where the method includes the following steps:
receiving radiation signals of a radiation source by using a plurality of antennas;
performing down-conversion processing on the received signals of the multiple antennas to determine baseband received data of the multiple antennas;
weighting the plurality of baseband received data;
combining the weighted multiple baseband receiving data into a combined vector, and performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector to obtain multiple angle-frequency grid points;
screening angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
estimating a spatial angle of arrival of the radiated signal using the angle-frequency grid points containing the effective radiated signal;
and estimating the frequency response of the radiated signal by using the spatial arrival angle.
The following specifically illustrates the steps and principles of the signal sensing method combining the spatial angle of arrival and the two-dimensional spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention by specific examples.
Specifically, the perceptual model shown in fig. 2 is taken as an example;
setting: the number of the space radiation sources is K, and the radiation signal emitted by the (K + 1) th radiation source at the (n + 1) th sampling moment is xk,nThe radiation signal emitted by the k +1 th radiation source at the continuous N sampling moments is xk,0,xk,1,…,xk,N-1。
Receiving a radiation signal from a radiation source using a plurality of antennas, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a plurality of antennas are configured at a receiver end, and radiation signals of radiation sources are received by the antennas, wherein the antennas are omnidirectional antennas, and the number of the antennas is larger than that of the radiation sources.
Specifically, M omnidirectional antennas are configured on a spectrum sensing receiver, and the number of M is larger than the number of radiation sources K; setting the sensing bandwidth of the receiver as B and the working center frequency as f0Making B < f0Making the radiation signals of K radiation sources all fall in f0-B/2,f0+B/2]Within a frequency band.
Wherein, M antennas can be arranged in a uniform linear array mode, and the distance between the antennas is set to be half wavelength, namely vc/2f0，vcIndicating the speed of light. Setting the (k + 1) th radiationThe one-dimensional normal included angle between the source k and the receiving antenna array is thetakThen the radiation source spatial steering vector can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002966989930000081
Further, performing down-conversion processing on the received signals of the multiple antennas based on the specifically set perceptual model, and determining baseband received data of the multiple antennas specifically includes:
at the receiver end, the received signals of the multiple antennas are down-converted, and f is0-B/2,f0+B/2]Moving the received signal in frequency band to [ -B/2, B/2 [ -B/2 ]]。
Further, setting: after the signal down-conversion processing is carried out, the baseband receiving data received by the m +1 th antenna at the n +1 th sampling moment is ym,nN is 0,1, …, N-1, N represents the number of sampling instants;
accordingly, the baseband receives data ym,nSatisfies the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002966989930000091
where w represents an M × 1-dimensional reception noise vector.
Based on the setting, performing weighting processing on the plurality of baseband received data specifically includes:
using a weighting factor gmReceiving data y to basebandm,nPerforming weighting processing to obtain weighted data
Figure BDA0002966989930000092
Wherein the weighting coefficient gmDetermining by using formula 2;
Figure BDA0002966989930000093
wherein H is an integer of 2 or more,
Figure BDA0002966989930000094
Figure BDA0002966989930000095
the number of the combinations is the number of the combinations,
Figure BDA0002966989930000096
Figure BDA0002966989930000097
let g be [ g ]0,g1,…,gM-1]TThe weighting vector g can be regarded as an M-1 order low pass filter, the main lobe width of the weighting vector g is 2 π H/Mrad/sample, and the side lobe attenuation is fast, which can reach 6(2H-1) dB/octave.
Referring to fig. 3-5, fig. 3-5 shows the time domain tap coefficients and the frequency domain response of the weighting vector g for the case of M32 and H3.
In an embodiment of the present invention, by performing weighting processing on a plurality of baseband received data, received signal energy can be concentrated on a small number of grid points during subsequent angle-frequency projection, and a signal to noise ratio at the grid points is improved, thereby improving reliability of angle estimation and frequency response estimation.
Further, forming a combined vector from the weighted multiple baseband received data, performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector, and acquiring multiple angle-frequency grid points, specifically including:
setting MN order orthogonal matrix
Figure BDA0002966989930000098
Wherein, FMIs an M-th order matrix, matrix FMRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure BDA0002966989930000099
u,v＝0,1,…,M-1，FNIs an N-th order matrix, matrix FNRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure BDA00029669899300000910
u,v＝0,1,…,N-1，
Figure BDA00029669899300000911
Represents an extended multiplication of two matrices;
combining the weighted multiple baseband received data into a joint vector
Figure BDA00029669899300000912
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000101
weighting data corresponding to baseband receiving data received by the Mth antenna at the Nth sampling moment;
combining vectors using equation 3
Figure BDA0002966989930000102
Respectively carrying out orthogonal projection operation with each column of the orthogonal matrix F to determine a joint vector
Figure BDA0002966989930000103
Projection values on columns of the orthogonal matrix F;
Figure BDA0002966989930000104
wherein R isiRepresenting a joint vector
Figure BDA0002966989930000105
In the i +1 th column F of the orthogonal matrix FiA projected value of (d);
for the projection value RiRearrangement is carried out, i is 0,1, … and MN-1, and an M multiplied by N dimensional matrix is obtained
Figure BDA0002966989930000106
Projection value RiDescribe
Figure BDA0002966989930000107
And fiFor row v +1 of matrix R, v is 0,1, …, M-1, fromThe projection vector selected in the orthogonal matrix F is formed by the matrix FMV +1 th column and matrix FNIs multiplied by the column extension of (1) to obtain a matrix FMThe v +1 th column of (2):
Figure BDA0002966989930000108
if the constant coefficient is not considered
Figure BDA0002966989930000109
Matrix FMColumn v +1 can be considered as a space vector with an angle θ ═ arcsin (2v/M-1), v ═ 0,1, …, M-1; matrix FNEach row of the frequency domain orthogonal base forms a group of frequency domain orthogonal bases, and corresponding frequency points are-B/2, -B/2+ B/N, -B/2+2B/N, … and B/2-B/N respectively; therefore, the v +1 th row of the matrix R can be regarded as the response of N discrete frequency points in the sensing bandwidth B when the spatial arrival angle θ is fixed as arcsin (2 v/M-1); similarly, the u +1 th column of the matrix R, u being 0,1, …, N-1, can be regarded as the response of M spatial angles of arrival arcsin (-1), arcsin (2/M-1), arcsin (4/M-1), …, arcsin (1-2/M) at a given frequency point-B/2 + Bu/N.
Referring to fig. 6, each element of the matrix R corresponds to angle-frequency data one to one.
Further, MN grid points R are included in the matrix R0,R1,…,RMN-1Only a part of grid points exist effective frequency response, the part of grid points correspond to the distribution of the K radiation sources in space and frequency domain, and the rest grid points are noise.
For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, by performing angle-frequency grid point screening, a grid point containing an effective radiation signal is found out from all grid points contained in the matrix R for angle estimation and frequency response estimation.
Specifically, the step of screening out the angle-frequency grid points containing the effective radiation signals from the plurality of angle-frequency grid points comprises the following steps:
setting a set Λ to record serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points, wherein Λ is initialized to be an empty set;
setting an angle-frequency grid point RiThe set of neighborhoods in the spatial angular dimension is Γ (i), where Γ (i) is expressed as:
Γ (i) { (i + wN) mod MNw ═ H, -H +1, …, H-1} equation 5;
setting angle-frequency grid points R based on the set Lambda and the set Gamma (i) by using Bayesian information criterioniIs BIC (R)i) Wherein, BIC (R)i) Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002966989930000111
||Λ||0representing the number of elements contained in the set Lambda;
based on the set Λ, the set Γ (i), and the decision metric BIC (R)i) And screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals.
The set Γ (i) considers the case: actual spatial angle of arrival theta to the radiation sourcekAnd when the values are not equal to arcsin (-1), arcsin (2/M-1), arcsin (4/M-1), …, arcsin (1-2/M) and the like, the frequency domain energy of the radiation source is expanded to 2H grid points around along the angle dimension, the energy expansion range is the same as the main lobe width of the weighting vector g, and H is a configuration parameter of the weighting vector g.
Further, referring to FIG. 7, based on set Λ, set Γ (i), and decision metric BIC (R)i) Screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and a global search step: finding the grid points with the maximum energy from the grid points not belonging to the set Λ
Figure BDA0002966989930000121
Determination of grid points using equation 7
Figure BDA0002966989930000122
Serial number i of*Calculating
Figure BDA0002966989930000123
And set Γ (i)*) The set Γ (i)*) Incorporate set Λ, i*And
Figure BDA0002966989930000124
respectively writing the set I and the set V, judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches a set upper limit P, if so, executing a measurement sorting step, and if not, executing a local search step;
Figure BDA0002966989930000125
a local searching step: from grid point
Figure BDA0002966989930000126
Finding out the grid point which does not belong to the set lambda and has the maximum energy from the N grid points of the row in the matrix R
Figure BDA0002966989930000127
Determination of grid points using equation 8
Figure BDA0002966989930000128
Serial number of
Figure BDA0002966989930000129
Judgment of
Figure BDA00029669899300001210
And if the number of the elements in the sum set I is smaller than the set upper limit P, updating beta to be
Figure BDA00029669899300001211
Will be assembled
Figure BDA00029669899300001212
Incorporation of set Λ will
Figure BDA00029669899300001213
And
Figure BDA00029669899300001214
respectively writing the set I and the set V, and executing the local search step again;
Figure BDA00029669899300001215
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00029669899300001219
representing grid points
Figure BDA00029669899300001216
The sequence numbers of all grid points of the row to which it belongs,
Figure BDA00029669899300001217
represents a lower rounding operation;
and (3) measurement sequencing: judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches a set upper limit P, if so, determining the minimum decision metric according to the decision metric value recorded in the set V, and setting the minimum decision metric to correspond to the kth decision metric in the set IminElement, 1 st to k th in set IminOutputting the elements as the serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points;
the set I and the set V are set sets and are initialized to be empty sets.
In the above steps, the upper limit P is set in proportion to the density of the radiation source, the radiation signal bandwidth and the frequency dimension resolution, and the specific value of the upper limit P is determined according to the actual application scenario.
Further, it is assumed that the number of elements in the screened set I is L, that is, the number of the screened angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals is L, and the L elements represent the serial numbers of the screened L angle-frequency grid points.
Based on the above assumptions, estimating the spatial arrival angle of the radiation signal by using the angle-frequency grid points containing the effective radiation signal specifically includes:
dividing the screened set I into K' subsets Ik，k＝0,1,…,…K' -1, wherein the division into subsets IkThe element (B) satisfies
Figure BDA00029669899300001218
Ik(i) Represents a subset IkI +1 th element in (1), I ═ 0,1, …, | | | Ik||0-1，||Ik||0Represents a subset IkThe number of contained elements, K' represents the estimated value of the number of radiation sources;
calculating the weighted combining coefficient w using equation 9k,i；
Figure BDA0002966989930000131
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000132
carrying out normalization processing on the weighting and merging coefficients by using a formula 10;
Figure BDA0002966989930000133
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000134
represents a normalized weighted combining coefficient;
set I is calculated using equation 11kCorresponding spatial angle of arrival estimate
Figure BDA0002966989930000135
Figure BDA0002966989930000136
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000137
in the above step, the parameter H is the same as the configuration parameter of the weight vector g of the data received by each antenna.
Due to the parameters
Figure BDA0002966989930000138
And
Figure BDA0002966989930000139
are all based on set IkThe element in (1) is calculated to obtain I ═ 0,1, …, | | | Ik||01, and set IkAre in turn associated with the same spatial angle of arrival; therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, the weighted combination coefficient w is set by using the concept of maximum ratio combinationk,iWeighted combining coefficient wk,iInversely proportional to the parameter
Figure BDA00029669899300001310
The calculated variance of (c).
See set I obtained abovekCorresponding spatial angle of arrival estimate
Figure BDA00029669899300001311
In a clear view of the above, it is known that,
Figure BDA00029669899300001312
the method is not limited to discrete values such as arcsin (-1), arcsin (2/M-1), arcsin (4/M-1), …, arcsin (1-2/M) and the like, and can obtain any value of [ -pi/2, pi/2), so that the adaptability of the spatial arrival angle estimation is effectively improved.
Further, K' space arrival angles obtained based on the above
Figure BDA00029669899300001313
Estimating the frequency response of the radiated signal by using the spatial angle of arrival, specifically comprising:
using the angle of arrival in space
Figure BDA0002966989930000141
Constructing K' space guide vectors
Figure BDA0002966989930000142
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002966989930000143
construction matrix
Figure BDA0002966989930000144
Wherein f isN,iI is 0,1, …, and N-1 is a matrix FNThe i +1 th column of (1);
calculating parameters using equation 12
Figure BDA0002966989930000145
Figure BDA0002966989930000146
The parameter i is traversed through 0,1, …, N-1 to obtain N parameters
Figure BDA0002966989930000147
Using N parameters
Figure BDA0002966989930000148
Constructing a K' x N dimensional perceptual matrix
Figure BDA0002966989930000149
And the K 'rows of the sensing matrix C correspond to K' spatial arrival angles, and N elements in each row represent frequency responses in the sensing bandwidth B at the corresponding spatial arrival angles.
And the sensing matrix C is the final output of the two-dimensional spectrum sensing.
As a result of this, it is possible to,
Figure BDA00029669899300001410
the matrix is a K' dimensional square matrix, the inversion complexity of the matrix only depends on the number of radiation sources and is irrelevant to the number M of antennas or the length N of a receiving sequence; in addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, setting K' < M < N can ensure that equation 12 has lower complexity in the calculation process.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a signal sensing apparatus combining a spatial angle of arrival and a spectrum in two dimensions, where the apparatus includes:
the receiver is provided with a plurality of antennas;
the down-conversion processing module is used for performing down-conversion processing on the receiving signals of the multiple antennas so as to determine baseband receiving data of the multiple antennas;
the weighting processing module is used for weighting the plurality of baseband receiving data;
the angle-frequency grid point acquisition module is used for forming a combined vector by the weighted baseband receiving data, projecting the angle and the frequency of the combined vector and acquiring a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
the angle-frequency grid point screening module is used for screening angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
a spatial angle-of-arrival estimation module for estimating a spatial angle-of-arrival of the radiated signal using angle-frequency grid points containing the effective radiated signal;
and the frequency response estimation module is used for estimating the frequency response of the radiated signal by utilizing the spatial arrival angle.
The space arrival angle and frequency spectrum two-dimensional combined signal sensing method and device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the combined sensing of the space arrival angles and the frequency band occupation conditions of a plurality of radiation signals without using the prior information of the radiation signals or noise, and have high adaptability to the electromagnetic environment with high dynamic changes of the signals and the noise; and the calculation complexity is proportional to the square of the length of the sampling sequence, and is linear operation, so that the calculation complexity is low and the calculation workload is small.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In addition, "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" in this document are referred to the placement states shown in the drawings.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A signal sensing method combining a spatial angle of arrival and a frequency spectrum in two dimensions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
receiving radiation signals of a radiation source by using a plurality of antennas;
performing down-conversion processing on the received signals of the plurality of antennas to determine baseband received data of the plurality of antennas;
weighting the plurality of baseband received data;
forming a combined vector by the weighted baseband receiving data, and performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector to obtain a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
estimating a spatial angle-of-arrival of said radiated signals using said angle-frequency grid points containing active radiated signals;
estimating the frequency response of the radiation signal by using the spatial arrival angle;
the forming a combined vector from the weighted baseband received data, performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector, and obtaining a plurality of angle-frequency grid points includes:
setting MN order orthogonal matrix
Figure FDA0003507826590000011
Wherein, FMIs an M-th order matrix, matrix FMRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure FDA0003507826590000012
FNIs an N-th order matrix, matrix FNRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure FDA0003507826590000013
Figure FDA0003507826590000014
The expansion multiplication of two matrixes is shown, M is the number of the antennas, and N is the number of sampling moments;
forming a plurality of weighted baseband receiving data into a joint vector
Figure FDA0003507826590000015
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000016
Figure FDA0003507826590000017
weighting data corresponding to baseband receiving data received by the Mth antenna at the Nth sampling moment;
the joint vector is expressed by equation 3
Figure FDA0003507826590000018
Respectively carrying out orthogonal projection operation with each column of the orthogonal matrix F to determine the joint vector
Figure FDA0003507826590000019
The projected values on the columns of the orthogonal matrix F;
Figure FDA00035078265900000110
Rirepresenting the joint vector
Figure FDA00035078265900000111
In the i +1 th column F of the orthogonal matrix FiH is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
for the projection value RiRearrangement is carried out, i is 0,1, … and MN-1, and an M multiplied by N dimensional matrix is obtained
Figure FDA0003507826590000021
Wherein, setting the number of elements in the set I to be L, where L elements represent the sequence numbers of the screened L angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals, and estimating the spatial arrival angle of the radiation signal by using the angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals includes:
dividing the screened set I into K' subsets IkK is 0,1, …, …, K' -1, wherein the division into subsets I is madekThe element (B) satisfies
Figure FDA0003507826590000022
Ik(i) Represents a subset IkI +1 th element in (1), I ═ 0,1, …, | | | Ik||0-1，||Ik||0Represents a subset IkThe number of contained elements, K' represents the estimated value of the number of radiation sources;
calculating the weighted combining coefficient w using equation 9k,i；
Figure FDA0003507826590000023
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000024
carrying out normalization processing on the weighting and merging coefficients by using a formula 10;
Figure FDA0003507826590000025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000026
represents a normalized weighted combining coefficient;
set I is calculated using equation 11kCorresponding spatial angle of arrival estimate
Figure FDA0003507826590000027
Figure FDA0003507826590000028
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000029
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the receiving the radiation signals from the radiation source by the plurality of antennas comprises:
configuring a plurality of antennas at a receiver end, and receiving radiation signals of the radiation sources by using the plurality of antennas, wherein the antennas are omnidirectional antennas, and the number of the antennas is greater than that of the radiation sources.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the spatial angle of arrival and the spectral two-dimensional are combined for signal sensingIn that, setting: the baseband receiving data received by the m +1 th antenna at the n +1 th sampling moment is ym,nN is 0,1, …, N-1, N represents the number of sampling instants;
using a weighting factor gmReceiving data y to the basebandm,nPerforming weighting processing to obtain weighted data
Figure FDA0003507826590000031
Wherein the weighting coefficient gmDetermining by using formula 2;
Figure FDA0003507826590000032
wherein H is an integer of 2 or more,
Figure FDA0003507826590000033
Figure FDA0003507826590000034
the number of the combinations is the number of the combinations,
Figure FDA0003507826590000035
m is the number of the antennas.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of selecting the angular-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from the angular-frequency grid points comprises:
setting a set Λ to record serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points, wherein Λ is initialized to be an empty set;
setting an angle-frequency grid point RiThe set of neighborhoods in the spatial angular dimension is Γ (i), where Γ (i) is expressed as:
Γ (i) { (i + wN) mod MN | w ═ H, -H +1, …, H-1} equation 5;
utilizing Bayesian beliefs based on the set Λ and the set Γ (i)Information criterion, setting the angular-frequency grid point RiIs BIC (R)i) Wherein, BIC (R)i) Expressed as:
Figure FDA0003507826590000036
||Λ||0representing the number of elements contained in the set Lambda;
based on the set Λ, the set Γ (i), and the decision metric BIC (R)i) And screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the signal sensing method based on the set Λ, the set Γ (i), and the decision metric BIC (R)i) Screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals, comprising:
and a global search step: finding the grid points with the maximum energy from the grid points not belonging to the set Λ
Figure FDA0003507826590000041
Determination of grid points using equation 7
Figure FDA0003507826590000042
Serial number i of*Calculating
Figure FDA0003507826590000043
And set Γ (i)*) The set Γ (i)*) Incorporating said set Λ, i*And
Figure FDA0003507826590000044
respectively writing in a set I and a set V, judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches a set upper limit P, if so, executing a measurement sorting step, and if not, executing a local search step;
Figure FDA0003507826590000045
the local search step: from grid point
Figure FDA0003507826590000046
Finding out the grid point which does not belong to the set lambda and has the maximum energy from the N grid points of the row in the matrix R
Figure FDA0003507826590000047
Determination of grid points using equation 8
Figure FDA0003507826590000048
Serial number of
Figure FDA0003507826590000049
Judgment of
Figure FDA00035078265900000410
And whether the number of the elements in the set I is smaller than the set upper limit P is satisfied, if so, updating beta to be
Figure FDA00035078265900000411
Will be assembled
Figure FDA00035078265900000412
Incorporate into said set Λ will
Figure FDA00035078265900000413
And
Figure FDA00035078265900000414
respectively writing the set I and the set V, and executing the local searching step again;
Figure FDA00035078265900000415
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00035078265900000416
representing grid points
Figure FDA00035078265900000417
The sequence numbers of all grid points of the row to which it belongs,
Figure FDA00035078265900000418
represents a lower rounding operation;
the metric sorting step: judging whether the number of elements in the set I reaches the set upper limit P, if so, determining the minimum decision metric according to the decision metric value recorded in the set V, and setting the minimum decision metric to correspond to the kth decision metric in the set IminAn element that divides the 1 st to the k th in the set IminOutputting the elements as the serial numbers of the screened angle-frequency grid points;
wherein the set I and the set V are set sets and are initialized to be empty sets.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the upper limit P is proportional to the density of the radiation sources, the bandwidth of the radiation signals and the resolution of the frequency dimension.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the estimating the frequency response of the radiated signal using the spatial angle of arrival comprises:
using the angle of arrival in space
Figure FDA0003507826590000051
Constructing K' space guide vectors
Figure FDA0003507826590000052
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000053
construction matrix
Figure FDA0003507826590000054
Wherein f isN,iI is 0,1, …, and N-1 is a matrix FNThe i +1 th column of (1);
calculating parameters using equation 12
Figure FDA0003507826590000055
Figure FDA0003507826590000056
The parameter i is traversed through 0,1, …, N-1 to obtain N parameters
Figure FDA0003507826590000057
Using N parameters
Figure FDA0003507826590000058
Constructing a K' x N dimensional perceptual matrix
Figure FDA0003507826590000059
And the K 'rows of the sensing matrix C correspond to K' spatial arrival angles, and N elements in each row represent frequency responses in the sensing bandwidth B at the corresponding spatial arrival angles.
8. A signal sensing apparatus for two-dimensional combination of spatial angle of arrival and frequency spectrum, the apparatus comprising:
the receiver is provided with a plurality of antennas;
the down-conversion processing module is used for performing down-conversion processing on the receiving signals of the plurality of antennas so as to determine baseband receiving data of the plurality of antennas;
the weighting processing module is used for weighting the plurality of baseband receiving data;
an angle-frequency grid point obtaining module, configured to form a combined vector from the multiple baseband received data after weighting, perform angle and frequency projection on the combined vector, and obtain multiple angle-frequency grid points;
the angle-frequency grid point screening module is used for screening out angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals from a plurality of angle-frequency grid points;
a spatial angle-of-arrival estimation module for estimating a spatial angle-of-arrival of said radiated signals using said angle-frequency grid points containing active radiated signals;
a frequency response estimation module, configured to perform frequency response estimation on the radiation signal by using the spatial angle of arrival;
the forming a combined vector from the weighted baseband received data, performing angle and frequency projection on the combined vector, and obtaining a plurality of angle-frequency grid points includes:
setting MN order orthogonal matrix
Figure FDA00035078265900000510
Wherein, FMIs an M-th order matrix, matrix FMRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure FDA00035078265900000511
FNIs an N-th order matrix, matrix FNRow u +1, column v +1 elements are
Figure FDA00035078265900000512
Figure FDA00035078265900000513
The expansion multiplication of two matrixes is shown, M is the number of the antennas, and N is the number of sampling moments;
a plurality of posts after weighting processingThe baseband received data form a joint vector
Figure FDA0003507826590000061
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000062
Figure FDA0003507826590000063
weighting data corresponding to baseband receiving data received by the Mth antenna at the Nth sampling moment;
the joint vector is expressed by equation 3
Figure FDA0003507826590000064
Respectively carrying out orthogonal projection operation with each column of the orthogonal matrix F to determine the joint vector
Figure FDA0003507826590000065
The projected values on the columns of the orthogonal matrix F;
Figure FDA0003507826590000066
Rirepresenting the joint vector
Figure FDA0003507826590000067
In the i +1 th column F of the orthogonal matrix FiH is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
for the projection value RiRearrangement is carried out, i is 0,1, … and MN-1, and an M multiplied by N dimensional matrix is obtained
Figure FDA0003507826590000068
Wherein, setting the number of elements in the set I to be L, where L elements represent the sequence numbers of the screened L angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals, and estimating the spatial arrival angle of the radiation signal by using the angle-frequency grid points containing effective radiation signals includes:
dividing the screened set I into K' subsets IkK is 0,1, …, …, K' -1, wherein the division into subsets I is madekThe element (B) satisfies
Figure FDA0003507826590000069
Ik(i) Represents a subset IkI +1 th element in (1), I ═ 0,1, …, | | | Ik||0-1，||Ik||0Represents a subset IkThe number of contained elements, K' represents the estimated value of the number of radiation sources;
calculating the weighted combining coefficient w using equation 9k,i；
Figure FDA00035078265900000610
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00035078265900000611
carrying out normalization processing on the weighting and merging coefficients by using a formula 10;
Figure FDA0003507826590000071
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000072
represents a normalized weighted combining coefficient;
set I is calculated using equation 11kCorresponding spatial angle of arrival estimate
Figure FDA0003507826590000073
Figure FDA0003507826590000074
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003507826590000075
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