CN102289984A

CN102289984A - Photoelectric armillary sphere

Info

Publication number: CN102289984A
Application number: CN2011102680523A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪和平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-03-25
Filing date: 2011-09-09
Publication date: 2011-12-21
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-09
Also published as: CN102289984B; CN202258109U; CN102136217A

Abstract

The invention relates to a photoelectric armillary sphere through which the sun movement rule can be directly viewed. The photoelectric armillary sphere disclosed by the invention comprises a base, an inner sphere, an outer sphere, a fixed device, a one-way motor, a bidirectional motor, a laser transmitter and an inner shaft. The inner sphere and the outer sphere are used for marking longitudes and latitudes. The outer sphere is fixed on the base. The inner sphere is arranged in the outer sphere and concentric with the outer sphere. The inner sphere is connected onto the base through the inner shaft. The inner shaft is capable of driving the inner sphere to rotate axially. The one-way motor is fixed on one pole in the inner sphere. The axes of a first rotating shaft connected with the output shaft of the one-way motor passes through the spherical centre. The fixed device is fixedly connected in the spherical centre of the first rotating shaft. The bidirectional motor is fixed in the fixed device. The axes of a second rotating shaft connected with the output shaft of the bidirectional motor and the axes of the first rotating shaft are vertically crossed at the spherical centre. The laser transmitter is fixedly arranged on the second rotating shaft. Beam transmitted by the laser transmitter passes through the spherical centre and is vertical to the second rotating shaft. The bidirectional motor is capable of driving the laser transmitter to move in a reciprocating manner in the range of 46.52 DEG.

Description

The photoelectricity armillary sphere

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of astronomical demonstration instrument, particularly relate to a kind of photoelectricity armillary sphere that is used to observe the solar motion rule.

Background technology

Armillary sphere is the general name of armillary sphere and celestial globe, and the armillary sphere armillary sphere is a kind of instrument of measuring the celestial body spherical co-ordinate, and celestial globe is the instrument that is used for demonstrating astronomical phenomena ancient times.Be one of tradition invention of China, but it manipulate inconvenience, is difficult to resolve the movement of heavenly bodies rule dynamically, intuitively, so that people seldom have the material object of seeing the armillary sphere in ancient times.Modern planetarium is by projector astronomical phenomena to be projected on the spherical roof, the demonstration celestial bodies motion changes, can only in specific classroom, demonstrate, thereby to environmental requirement height, cost height, and operation inconvenience is difficult to dynamically observe intuitively and resolve the movement of heavenly bodies rule.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of easy and simple to handle, cost is low, be easy to carry and can dynamically observe and resolve the photoelectricity armillary sphere of celestial movement rule intuitively.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, comprise base, endosphere, ectosphere, stationary installation, unidirectional motor, reversing motor, generating laser and interior axle, described endosphere, ectosphere and stationary installation are hollow component, wherein endosphere is made by trnaslucent materials, stationary installation is made by transparent or semitransparent material, described ectosphere is fixed on the base, ectosphere is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the level circle that is parallel to base, described endosphere be located in the ectosphere and with the same centre of sphere of ectosphere, axle comprises left half axle and right axle shaft in described, the axis of two-semiaxle is on the straight line of same the mistake centre of sphere, the inner of described left half axle and right axle shaft is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere, the outer end of left half axle and right axle shaft is passed ectosphere and is linked to each other with base, fix and can drive endosphere about the outer end of two-semiaxle and rotate vertically, described unidirectional motor is positioned at endosphere, be fixed on wherein extremely going up of endosphere the two poles of the earth, the output shaft of unidirectional motor is connected with first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, described first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with stationary installation at sphere center position, described reversing motor is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation, the output shaft of reversing motor is second rotating shaft, second rotating shaft is that the intersect vertical axis of tubular shaft and its axis and first rotating shaft is in the centre of sphere, generating laser is fixedly mounted in second rotating shaft, the generating laser emitted light beams cross the centre of sphere and with the axis normal of second rotating shaft, reversing motor is used to drive generating laser in 52 fens scopes of 46 degree, i.e. to-and-fro movement between north and south latitude 23 degree 26 minutes.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the irradiation light of the light simulated solar of the generating laser emission among the present invention, unidirectional motor can be done undying counterclockwise motion, when simulating be the sun visually that produces of reference system around the earth rotatablely moving from West to East with the earth because of earth rotation movement, reversing motor can drive generating laser and do two-way to-and-fro movement between north and south latitude 23 is spent 26 fens, be used for simulating earth subsolar point variation between the tropic of north and south on earth when revolving around the sun, so when reversing motor and unidirectional motor are opened simultaneously, can simulate revolution of earth and rotation to shining upon the influence of light, rotate endosphere, make the parallel of a certain latitude of endosphere cross the ectosphere zenith, the luminescent spot track of generating laser on ectosphere just represents that the sun is at this observation ground, latitude area day aerial movement locus, thereby adopt this structure just no longer need in the classroom of specific circular top, demonstrate the solar motion track, less demanding to demo environment, and cost is low, lightly portable, can clearly represent the movement locus during the sun is on high.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis of unidirectional motor with away from the semiaxis far away of unidirectional motor, described stationary installation is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis and the semiaxis far away, described semiaxis far away is provided with the power supply gatherer, described power supply gatherer comprises three metal contacts, above-mentioned three metal contacts are wrapped in semiaxis end far away and do not contact mutually, relative with unidirectional motor one is fixedly connected with power connection equipment on extremely in described endosphere the two poles of the earth, described power connection equipment is the tubular body that is positioned at endosphere, be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection in the body with above-mentioned three metal contacts, described left half axle or and right axle shaft be tubular shaft, above-mentioned tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer being stretched out in the endosphere and being compiled in base, base is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor, reversing motor, the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser and reversing motor turn to.Adopt this structure, be to use battery,, power supply be provided for unidirectional motor, reversing motor and generating laser by the setting of power supply gatherer and power connection equipment for the ease of using power supply nearby, and can not cause first rotating shaft when rotation to produce the coiling problem, easy for operation.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, the two poles of the earth of wherein said endosphere indicate N and S respectively, also indicate warp on the described endosphere, parallel, equatorial line, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get a diameter on left half axle and right axle shaft axis under the line on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates E and W respectively, represent respectively due east direction and positive west to, be marked with 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, East and West direction indicating at 0 o'clock with vertical another warp place of coincidence of EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 15 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 15 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, South Pole S.After indicating above-mentioned each graticule on the endosphere, can be transmitted into laser position on the endosphere sphere from generating laser and read the latitude of subsolar point and the sun in this position time corresponding.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said unidirectional motor are fixed on the N limit place of described endosphere, and described power connection equipment is fixed on the S limit place of described endosphere, crosses the centre of sphere with the axis of guaranteeing first rotating shaft through the NS utmost point when adopting this kind structure.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said base comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of described prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support, the outer end of described left half axle and right axle shaft is passed ectosphere and is connected on the support, all offer the semiaxis hole on the support of prismatoid the right and left, the outer end of left half axle and right axle shaft is fixing about stretching in the corresponding semiaxis hole respectively, and described left half axle or right axle shaft are provided with adjusting handle.Adopt this structure, processing is simple, and is easy to use.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said ectosphere outer wall is marked with the big cylindrical of level, on the described big cylindrical with endosphere on E, the corresponding position of W indicates E respectively, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the big cylindrical indicate N respectively along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, the big cylindrical at ESWN place is represented horizontal circle on the described ectosphere, horizontal circle is divided into two hemisphere up and down with ectosphere, observation ground zenith D is represented on the episphere top, zenith D place offers circular aperture, observation ground nadir H is represented in the lower semisphere bottom, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents the east of episphere and lower semisphere intersection respectively, south, the west, the north to, the aperture that supplies left half axle and right axle shaft to pass on the described ectosphere lays respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere also mark to be provided with zenith D and nadir H be the warp and the parallel at the two poles of the earth, cross the warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 °, + 30 °, ..., westwards each warp marks-15 ° successively,-30 °, ..., direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.

Photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, wherein said stationary installation are spheroid, right cylinder or regular polygon.Adopt this kind structural advantages be attractive in appearance, be convenient to install, make.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention is described further.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of endosphere in the photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is endosphere sphere mark synoptic diagram in the photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is ectosphere sphere mark synoptic diagram in the photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is for calculating the method principle schematic of solar motion rule among the present invention.

Embodiment

As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, comprise base 1, endosphere 2, ectosphere 3, stationary installation 4, unidirectional motor 5, reversing motor 6, generating laser 7 and interior axle, endosphere 2 and ectosphere 3 are hollow ball, wherein endosphere 2 is made by trnaslucent materials, the hollow cylinder of stationary installation 4 for making by transparent material, ectosphere 3 is fixed on the base 1, ectosphere 3 is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the level circle that is parallel to base, wherein transparent episphere is represented day hemisphere, translucent lower semisphere is represented night hemisphere, endosphere 2 be located in the ectosphere 3 and with the ectosphere 3 same centre ofs sphere, interior axle comprises left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9, two-

semiaxle

8,9 axis is on the straight line of same the mistake centre of sphere, the inner of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere 2, base 1 comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support 18, the outer end of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is passed ectosphere 3 and is connected on the support 18, all offer obstructed semiaxis hole, outer end on the support 18 of prismatoid the right and left, the outer end of left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 is fixing about stretching in the corresponding semiaxis hole respectively, right axle shaft 9 is provided with adjusting handle 16, two-

semiaxle

8,9 can drive endosphere 2 under adjusting handle 16 controls rotates vertically, unidirectional motor 5 is fixed on the N limit of endosphere 2 inwalls, the output shaft of unidirectional motor 5 is connected with first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis 11 of unidirectional motor 5 with away from the semiaxis far away 12 of unidirectional motor 5, stationary installation 4 is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis 11 and the semiaxis 12 far away, driving stationary installation 4 when the output shaft of unidirectional motor 5 rotates rotates synchronously, reversing motor 6 is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation 4, the output shaft of reversing motor 6 is second rotating shaft 20, the intersect vertical axis of the axis of second rotating shaft 20 and first rotating shaft is in the centre of sphere, offering porose or groove through centre of sphere place in second rotating shaft 20, generating laser 7 is fixedly mounted in the hole or groove in second rotating shaft 20, generating laser 7 emitted light beams are crossed the centre of sphere and vertical with second rotating shaft 20, reversing motor 6 is used to drive generating laser 7 to-and-fro movement in 52 fens scopes of 46 degree, i.e. to-and-fro movement between north and south latitude 23 degree 26 minutes; Semiaxis 12 far away is provided with power supply gatherer 13, power supply gatherer 13 comprises three metal contacts, it is terminal and do not contact mutually that three metal contacts are wrapped in semiaxis far away 12, be fixedly connected with power connection equipment 14 on the S limit of endosphere 2 inwalls, power connection equipment 14 is the tubular body, be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection in the body with above-mentioned three metal contacts, left half axle 8 is a tubular shaft, tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer 13 being stretched out in the endosphere 2 and being compiled in base 1, base 1 is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor 5, reversing motor 6, the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser 7 and reversing motor 6 turn to.

As shown in Figure 3, photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, the two poles of the earth of endosphere 2 indicate N and S respectively, endosphere 2 be marked with terrestrial globe on the same warp of mark, parallel, also indicate equatorial line on the endosphere 2, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get a diameter on left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 axis under the line on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates E and W respectively, represent respectively due east direction and positive west to, be marked with 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, East and West direction indicating at 0 o'clock with vertical another warp place of coincidence of EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 5 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 5 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, South Pole S.

As shown in Figure 4, photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention, ectosphere 3 outer walls are marked with the big cylindrical of level, on the big cylindrical with endosphere 2 on E, the corresponding position of W indicates E respectively, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the big cylindrical indicate N respectively along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, the big cylindrical at ESWN place is represented horizontal circle on the ectosphere 2, horizontal circle is divided into two hemisphere up and down with ectosphere 2, be day hemisphere and night hemisphere, wherein day hemisphere is represented the sky that can observe with observing, night hemisphere represent to observe ground the sky that can not observe, observation ground zenith D is represented on day hemisphere top, zenith D place offers circular aperture, observation ground nadir H is represented in the night hemisphere bottom, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents the east of day hemisphere and night hemisphere intersection respectively, south, the west, the north to, the aperture that supplies left half axle 8 and right axle shaft 9 to pass on the ectosphere 3 lays respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere 3 also the mark be provided with zenith D and nadir H be the two poles of the earth with terrestrial globe on the same parallel, horizontal circle is 0 °, to the zenith place is+90 °, is-90 ° to a day bottom; Warp is to go out every 15 scales, cross the warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 ° ,+30 ° ..., westwards each warp mark successively-15 ° ,-30 ° ..., direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.

Output shaft first rotating shaft of unidirectional motor 5 is rotated counterclockwise in this device, and promptly rotation from West to East rotated a circle in per 24 hours, output shaft second rotating shaft 20 to-and-fro movement between the tropic of north and south of reversing motor 6, and every motion one-period is 365 days; This device can improve the rotating speed of unidirectional motor 5 and two-wire motor 6 when demonstrating as instruments used for education with multiple, so that observation demonstration effect; The relativeness of the endosphere reflection sun and earth system in this device, when just being true origin with the earth's core, the position relation of the sun and the earth, the time on the longitude reflection observation ground on the endosphere 2, endosphere 2 one the week 360 ° be divided into 24 hours, then 15 ° of expressions of the every rotation of first rotating shaft are through one hour, and ectosphere 3 is represented the sky on different latitude observation ground on the earth, and the longitude and latitude on the ectosphere 3 is used for measuring sun orientation on high; With the earth is reference system, and the sun is to turn around the earth to make circular motion in one day.When sun direct projection equator, the observer sees that the sun is exactly to do circular motion perpendicular to the ground on high on the equator, and that other latitude areas observe the sun's motion circumference is angled with ground, and this angle is exactly 90 ° and deducts local latitude, realizes by rotating endosphere 2 in this device.

To be example in north latitude 30 degree area observation summer solstice solar motion rules, using method of the present invention is as follows:

This device is when needs observation solar motion diurnal motion rule, tolerance solar azimuth and elevation angle, operate as follows: turn on the power switch, light generating laser 7, the laser spots of laser projections to endosphere 2 spheres, by the reversing motor 6 on the adjusting of the adjusting button on the base 1 stationary installation 4, laser spots will move along a warp on the endosphere 2, and laser spots is moved on on 26 minutes the parallel of endosphere 2 north latitude, 23 degree; Rotate endosphere 2 by adjusting handle 16, make the aperture of endosphere 2 north latitude 30 degree parallels by a D place, sky of ectosphere 3, open the switch of unidirectional motor 5 again, under the drive of unidirectional motor 5, laser spots can move westwards moving along 26 minutes parallel of endosphere north latitude 23 degree from east orientation, at this moment the movement locus of laser spots on ectosphere 3 is exactly that the sun is at north latitude 30 degree area day aerial apparent motion tracks; When laser spots moves to the warp place of endosphere during 2 mornings 10, the sun when representing local local time 10, corresponding laser spots projects the sphere of ectosphere 3, the elevation angle of the sun on high when the position angle of the sun on high when the number of degrees of laser spots place ectosphere 3 warps are exactly local local time 10, the number of degrees of laser spots place ectosphere 3 parallels are exactly local local time 10.

This device is when observing the sunrise orientation and calculating the sunshine-duration, operate as follows: laser spots is moved on endosphere 2 north latitude 23 degree 26 degree parallels, the horizontal circle of the parallel of this endosphere 2 and ectosphere 3 (ectosphere ESWN circle) has east, two intersection points in west, ectosphere 3 warps of crossing intersection point place in the east are the sunrise position angle with the difference of longitude of the E point place warp of ectosphere 3, and the difference of longitude of the warp of the ectosphere 3 at the western intersection point of mistake place and the W point place warp of ectosphere 3 is the sunset position angle; Spend time of marking on endosphere 2 warps at intersection point place in the east between at sunrise, spending the time that marks on endosphere 2 warps at western intersection point place is sunset time, is the north latitude regional sunshine-duration of 30 degree between sunset time deducts at sunrise.

Because endosphere 2 can adjusting between positive and negative 90 degree in this device, make any parallel of endosphere 2 cross zenith D, two limits of ectosphere 3, also can overlap, so the apparent motion of the sun rule at this device may observe any latitude area and the two poles of the earth with the zenith D of ectosphere 3; Because the reversing motor 6 in the stationary installation of this device is regulated laser spots arbitrarily in 26 minutes latitude of positive and negative 23 degree of endosphere, so the apparent motion rule of this device may observe Various Seasonal; Because generating laser 7 can make laser spots do unrestricted circular motion on endosphere 2 ball walls under the drive of unidirectional motor 5 in this device, so the solar azimuth of any time in this device may observe one day.Do not considering factors such as height above sea level, high mountain stop, the apparent motion rule in same latitude area is identical on the earth, so this device is a fexible unit.

Under the influence of factors such as the face of the looking angle of the refraction when not considering that sunray is passing atmospheric envelope, the sun, high mountain stop, sea level elevation, the sun is an area source for the earth, and shining tellurian sunshine is parallel rays.The horizontal circle on certain observation ground is a tangent plane of crossing this ground on the earth sphere on the earth.

In order to analyze sun diurnal motion rule, set up two spherical coordinate systems and analyze, so that understand technique scheme.

Shown in Fig. 5 (a), with the earth's core O is true origin, the earth's axis is NS, with OS place straight line is the x axle, if cross the warp of observation station A and the intersection point G in equator, straight line OG place straight line is the z axle, and the straight line vertical with crossing coils that A order and the sphere of the east, A ground meet at the E point, with OE is the y axle, sets up spherical coordinate system.Then observation station A is in coordinate plane xOz, and coordinate plane yOz is the equatorial plane.This spherical coordinate system can be used for studying the characteristics of motion of the sun with respect to the earth's core, and the diurnal motion track of sun R circle is under the line gone up or is parallel on the roundlet in equator.

Shown in Fig. 5 (b), be true origin with observation station A, the normal OA of A ground horizontal circle is a z ' axle, the straight line tangent with A ground coils is x ' axle, is y ' axle with the straight line vertical with the coils of crossing A, sets up spherical coordinate system.Then the plane determined of x ' axle and y ' axle is an A ground horizontal circle, and z ' axle is crossed the earth's core, z ' axle indication A ground zenith D, y ' axle is parallel with the y axle, y ' axle is indicated due east, A ground direction, x ' indicate A ground Due South to.Can study the orientation of the sun easily at this spherical coordinate system with respect to observation ground.

Shown in Fig. 5 (c), if day sun is at the R place direct projection earth, promptly sunray passes through the earth's core herein, because sunray is a parallel rays, so the A observed sunray AR ' in ground is parallel with OR, so AR ' and OR all equate with the coordinate axis and the coordinate plane angulation (being the orientation) of two coordinate systems.So analyze the sun when the orientation of coordinate system A-x ' y ' z ', this coordinate system translation can be made its initial point A overlaps with the earth's core O, i.e. the true origin of two coordinate systems coincidence, and the y axle of two coordinate systems overlaps with y ', as Fig. 9.If the latitude of observation ground A is for being α, the regulation north latitude is being for just, and south latitude is for bearing, and along y axle negative sense viewing coordinates plane xOz, is rotated counterclockwise and is positive angle.Then coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' two coordinate systems when y axle (y ' axle) the rotation alpha angle are overlapped, or with coordinate system O-xyz two coordinate systems coincidence when y axle (y ' axle) rotation-α angle; Promptly investigate the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ', need only be with coordinate system O-xyz around y axle (y ' axle) rotation-α angle, the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-xyz be the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' just; In other words, investigate the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ', also can be with OR around y axle rotation alpha angle, OR orientation in coordinate system O-xyz is exactly original OR orientation in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' like this.Because in the coordinate system O-xyz that with O is true origin, the sunray OR that centre of sphere place observes is by the centre of sphere, and therefore available image on from gnomonic projection to the endosphere sphere is represented the sun.

To shown in Figure 5, the longitude and latitude of endosphere 2 is represented the orientation among the spherical coordinate system O-xyz as Fig. 3, and the longitude and latitude of ectosphere 3 represents that the ball mark is the orientation in O-x ' y ' z ' the observation ground celestial sphere.WE overlaps with coordinate axis y ' and y, and z ' axle is crossed ectosphere 3 zenith D and promptly observed ground zenith D, and ectosphere 3 great circle ENWS represent observation ground horizontal circle, and ectosphere 3 great circle NDS are in coordinate plane xOz; Endosphere 2NS overlaps with axle x.The warp of endosphere 12 o'clock/local longitude at 2 mark high noon was the warp on observation ground, and it is in coordinate plane xOz, also in coordinate plane x ' Oz '.Can regulate latitude of observation by rotating endosphere 2, make the observation station parallel by ectosphere 3 zenith D, then sunray OR also follows also i.e. orientation in ectosphere 3, the orientation that is adjusted among the O-x ' y ' z ' in the orientation of coordinate system O-xyz, because the rotation of whole endosphere 2, the orientation of OR in coordinate system O-xyz do not change, and promptly the sun does not change with respect to the orientation of the earth centre of sphere.Like this, by of the motion of the endosphere 2 tolerance sun with respect to the earth's core, by of the motion of the ectosphere 3 tolerance sun, promptly the motion of these two different angles observations is intuitively shown on photoelectricity armillary sphere of the present invention simultaneously by two spherical coordinate systems with respect to different observation stations on the earth.Regulate reversing motor 6, make generating laser 7 luminous points on a certain latitude of endosphere 2, promptly represent this latitude area on the sunray direct projection earth, under the driving of unidirectional motor 5, luminous point even band on this latitude circle on the endosphere 2 rotates, expression subsolar point moving on earth sphere, the sun in the moment in the time of can reading with respect to observation regional center by the warp of label time on the endosphere 2 at generating laser 7 luminous point places.The correspondence position of the luminous point of generating laser 7 on ectosphere 3 be exactly observation ground should the time this moment the sun, its position angle and elevation angle are read in the ball warp parallel outside.From endosphere 2, know the position of sun at 9 o'clock in the morning when being A regional center, its direct projection latitude number can be read from the parallel at sun R place on the endosphere 2, when making the parallel process ectosphere 3 zenith D of observation ground A by adjusting handle rotation endosphere 2, be about to coordinate system O-xyz and OR around y (y) axle rotation alpha angle, the orientation of the observation station sun R of place in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ', rotation back can be read from longitude the ectosphere 3 and latitude, be that the orientation of sun R in coordinate system O-x ' y ' z ' can be read from the longitude and the latitude of ectosphere 3, ectosphere 3 longitudes are represented the angle that the sun is become with A ground coils, it is solar azimuth, latitude is represented the angle that the sun is become with horizontal circle, i.e. sun altitude.

Above-described embodiment is described preferred implementation of the present invention; be not that scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not breaking away from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. photoelectricity armillary sphere, it is characterized in that: comprise base (1), endosphere (2), ectosphere (3), stationary installation (4), unidirectional motor (5), reversing motor (6), generating laser (7) and interior axle, described endosphere (2), ectosphere (3) and stationary installation (4) are hollow component, wherein endosphere (2) is made by trnaslucent materials, stationary installation (4) is made by transparent or semitransparent material, described ectosphere (3) is fixed on the base (1), ectosphere (3) is divided into transparent episphere and translucent lower semisphere by the level circle that is parallel to base, described endosphere (2) be located in the ectosphere (3) and with the same centre of sphere of ectosphere (3), axle comprises left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) in described, two-semiaxle (8,9) axis is on the straight line of same the mistake centre of sphere, the inner of described left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is separately fixed at the two ends, the left and right sides of endosphere (2), left half axle (8) passes ectosphere (3) with the outer end of right axle shaft (9) and links to each other with base (1), two-semiaxle (8, fix and can drive endosphere (2) about outer end 9) and rotate vertically, described unidirectional motor (5) is positioned at endosphere (2), be fixed on wherein extremely going up of endosphere (2) the two poles of the earth, the output shaft of unidirectional motor (5) is connected with first rotating shaft by shaft coupling, the axis of first rotating shaft is crossed the centre of sphere, described first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with stationary installation (4) at sphere center position, described reversing motor (6) is fixed on the hollow inwall of stationary installation (4), the output shaft of reversing motor (6) is second rotating shaft (20), the axis of second rotating shaft (20) and the intersect vertical axis of first rotating shaft are in the centre of sphere, generating laser (7) is fixedly mounted in second rotating shaft (20), generating laser (7) emitted light beams cross the centre of sphere and with the axis normal of second rotating shaft (20), reversing motor (6) is used to drive generating laser (7) to-and-fro movement in 52 fens scopes of 46 degree.

2. photoelectricity armillary sphere according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described first rotating shaft comprises near the nearly semiaxis (11) of unidirectional motor (5) with away from the semiaxis far away (12) of unidirectional motor (5), described stationary installation (4) is fixedly connected between nearly semiaxis (11) and the semiaxis (12) far away, described semiaxis far away (12) is provided with power supply gatherer (13), described power supply gatherer (13) comprises three metal contacts, above-mentioned three metal contacts are wrapped in semiaxis far away (12) end and do not contact mutually, relative with unidirectional motor (5) one is fixedly connected with power connection equipment (14) on extremely in described endosphere (2) the two poles of the earth, described power connection equipment (14) is for being positioned at the tubular body of endosphere (2), be provided with three brushes of corresponding connection in the body with above-mentioned three metal contacts, described left half axle (8) or and right axle shaft (9) be tubular shaft, above-mentioned tubular shaft is used for the circuit on the power supply gatherer (13) being stretched out in the endosphere (2) and being compiled in base (1), base (1) is provided with four control knobs, is respectively unidirectional motor (5), reversing motor (6), the gauge tap that the power switch of generating laser (7) and reversing motor (6) turn to.

3. photoelectricity armillary sphere according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the two poles of the earth of described endosphere (2) indicate N and S respectively, described endosphere also indicates warp on (2), parallel, equatorial line, the north and south tropic, the north and south polar circle, get a diameter on left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) axis under the line on the circle of line, the two-end-point of this diameter indicates E and W respectively, be marked with 12 o'clock high noons/local longitude at a warp vertical with interior bulb diameter EW, indicate successively at 11 o'clock every 15 degree eastwards, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, indicate successively at 13 o'clock every 15 degree westwards, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock, East and West direction indicating at 0 o'clock with vertical another warp place of coincidence of EW/and 24 o'clock, the intersection point place of the warp of 12 o'clock/local longitude and each parallel indicates latitude successively at noon, northwards be followed successively by: north 5 degree, north 23 degree 26 minutes, north 30 degree, arctic N is followed successively by southwards: south 5 degree, south 23 degree 26 minutes, south 30 degree, South Pole S.

4. according to the described photoelectricity armillary sphere of claim 3, it is characterized in that: described unidirectional motor (5) is fixed on the N limit place of described endosphere (2), and described power connection equipment (14) is fixed on the S limit place of described endosphere (2).

5. photoelectricity armillary sphere according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described base (1) comprises a prismatoid, the right and left of described prismatoid all is fixedly connected with support (18), the outer end of described left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is passed ectosphere (3) and is connected on the support (18), the support of prismatoid the right and left all offers the semiaxis hole on (18), the outer end of left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) is fixing about stretching in the corresponding semiaxis hole respectively, and described left half axle (8) or right axle shaft (9) are provided with adjusting handle (16).

6. photoelectricity armillary sphere according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described ectosphere (3) outer wall is marked with the big cylindrical of a level, on the described big cylindrical with endosphere (2) on E, the corresponding position of W indicates E respectively, W, diameter two ends vertical with its diameter EW on the big cylindrical indicate N respectively along clockwise direction from the beginning of W point, S, described ectosphere (2) is gone up the big cylindrical at ESWN place and is represented horizontal circle, horizontal circle is divided into two hemisphere up and down with ectosphere (2), observation ground zenith D is represented on the episphere top, zenith D place offers circular aperture, observation ground nadir H is represented in the lower semisphere bottom, E on the horizontal circle, S, W, N represents the east of episphere and lower semisphere intersection respectively, south, the west, the north to, described ectosphere (3) is gone up the aperture that supplies left half axle (8) and right axle shaft (9) to pass and is laid respectively at E, the W place, on the outer wall of ectosphere (3) also the mark be provided with zenith D and nadir H be the two poles of the earth warp and parallel, cross the warp that S orders and the mark south, intersection point place of horizontal circle, eastwards each warp mark successively+15 °, + 30 °, ..., westwards each warp marks-15 ° successively,-30 °, ..., direct north warp DN be+180 ° with-180 ° coincidence line.

7. photoelectricity armillary sphere according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described stationary installation (4) is spheroid, right cylinder or regular polygon.