CN102289464A - Encoding method based on spatial features of vector data - Google Patents
Encoding method based on spatial features of vector data Download PDFInfo
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- CN102289464A CN102289464A CN2011102003072A CN201110200307A CN102289464A CN 102289464 A CN102289464 A CN 102289464A CN 2011102003072 A CN2011102003072 A CN 2011102003072A CN 201110200307 A CN201110200307 A CN 201110200307A CN 102289464 A CN102289464 A CN 102289464A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an encoding method based on spatial features of vector data pixels. The encoding method comprises the following steps of: determining a quadtree mesh base for encoding; calculating a row number and a column number of a quadtree mesh layer of a minimum bounding rectangle of a pixel, in the mesh base, and performing quadtree row and column encoding; selecting a point best representing the pixel, and generating a represent point code according to the relative position of the point in the quadtree mesh base; performing outline encoding on the basis of the provincial characteristics of the pixel; performing azimuth encoding on pixel data in the direction of a first point of the pixel relative to the represent point; and finally, combining four subcodes into a spatial feature code of the pixel according to a uniform encoding rule, wherein the spatial feature code is taken as the unique identity of the pixel. In the invention, multiple spatial features of the vector pixel are comprehensively considered, the influence of regional repartitioning to encoding is eliminated, artificial classification interferences are eliminated, and the efficiency and the accuracy for vector data pixel encoding are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes features such as vector data locus, geometric shape to carry out pel uniqueness coding, makes coding rule have standardization, unitarity, is convenient to computing machine and generates automatically.
Background technology
The geographical entity The data is described in the objective world self-existent " geographical entity " towards the structure modeling method of entity.The geographic element class is a lot, the instance data of key element is huge especially, so coding work is inevitable also very numerous and diverse, accomplish that each geographic element example should only have a code, code can only be unique geographic element example of expression, need certain standard in addition standard instruct.Each pel is all composed with unique pel sign, class indication and life cycle sign, and articulate relevant social economy, natural resources information, can realize information content classify and grading and upgrade, set up the tie of space address location and spatial information based on the key element level of pel.
Common vector key element pel coding method at present has three kinds usually: 1. map digitizing or when measuring, and according to map sheet or survey the district automatically by the serial number coding of system assignment.2. with the refinement step by step of classification under the key element, the level coding that is combined to form by classifications at different levels.3. the assembly coding that forms according to information combination such as geographic position, key element geometric type, element category.
The serial number encoding context, extensively adopt in measurement and digitized process: in the middle of the generaI investigation of public utility, " city municipal administration comprehensive supervision information system management parts and event classification and coding " stipulated that the component identification sign indicating number adopts six serial number records.Rail track route sequence number in " TB/T 1945-1987 People's Republic of China (PRC) rail track name code " adopts three serial numbers to represent.The axial route of Zhejiang Province's highway, lateral route and walking along the street, loop wire road etc. all adopt two serial numbers to represent in " Zhejiang Province's highway naming ﹠ numbering rule ".Urban road specifically adopts ten sequence codes to represent in " national geography information public service platform 1:400 ten thousand-1:5 ten thousand geographical entity data integration technical requirements " according to starting point from east to west and sequential encoding from south to north.
The serial number coded system each survey district, administrative region inner adopt serial number to encode to guarantee unique.Sequence code is less relatively without any rule and the quantity of information that comprises usually; In case data are produced again, coding just is difficult to reappear; When the coding region of sequence code is big, tend to influence the accuracy and the uniqueness of geographic element coding, under sequence code span condition of limited, also can make the extendability of geographic element coding be subjected to more restriction.
The level coding aspect: GB/T18521 " the place name classification is with regular with the class code establishment ", GB/T2659 " countries in the world and regional name code ", GB/T2260 " administrative regional division of the People's Republic of China's code ", GB/T10114 " county's following administrative division coding rule " are adopted in the administrative division of national geography information public service platform general technical group, are combined by continent, country, province, city, county (district), (street) six grades of administrative areas, town.
Adopt above-mentioned level coding mode, for example administrative division is encoded, need divide according to element level, write down the code of all grade correspondences successively from top to bottom, the advantage of this coding is that each numeral or the letter of coding all comprised information specific, can in the middle of encoding, obtain the many information of this geographical entity, but shortcoming be each entity all must be artificial give coding, can't finish in batches with program, workload is very huge, it is very inconvenient that renewal and maintenance are got up, and cause artificial mistake easily.Comprise in the content encoded such as artificial key elements such as administrative divisions, in case administrative division is adjusted, then a whole set of constituent encoder must be done big adjustment even regroup.
The assembly coding aspect: Zhejiang Province is to water system constituent encoder promulgation tentative programme, DB33/T 577-2005 " flood storage and detention basin, Zhejiang Province name code " is adopted in the flood storage and detention basin, is made up of flood storage and detention basin classification code, one-level basin, secondary basin, affiliated river, flood storage and detention basin classification; DB33/T 581-2005 " lake, Zhejiang Province name code " is adopted in the lake, is made up of one-level basin, affiliated administrative division, chemical property, area; Sluice adopts DB33/T 582-2005 " Zhejiang Province's sluice name code ", is made up of engineering classification sign indicating number, one-level basin, secondary basin, river, place, numbering, classification; Watch out for and adopt DB33/T 583-2005 " Zhejiang Province's dyke name code ", form by engineering classification sign indicating number, one-level basin, secondary basin, river, place, numbering, classification; Sea wall adopts DB33/T584-2005 " Zhejiang Province's sea wall name code ", is made up of engineering classification sign indicating number, administrative division, numbering, classification; Hydraulic power project adopts DB33/T 585-2005 " Zhejiang Province's hydraulic power project name code ", is made up of engineering classification sign indicating number, administrative division, numbering, classification; Reservoir adopts DB33/T 586-2005 " Zhejiang Province's reservoir name code ", is made up of engineering classification sign indicating number, one-level basin, secondary basin, river, place, numbering, classification; The river adopts DB33/T 587-2005 " river, Zhejiang Province name code ", is made up of engineering classification sign indicating number, one-level basin, secondary basin, numbering, classification; HY/T119-2008 " national island title and code " is adopted on the island, is made up of administrative division sign indicating number, island layout sign indicating number, island indication code.National geography information public service platform general technical group is slightly adjusted at the water system encoding context, and the basic building mode is similar.
Adopt above-mentioned assembly coding mode, each composition is coded system relative, more at random, advantage is both to have comprised information such as relatively abundanter location, type, numbering in the coding, employing Automatic Program that again can part give coding, bigger minimizing artificial workload.But this coding is only local unique in this surveys district, administrative region, has caused in the vector factor data that commensurate does not provide, and is different fully for the coding of same entity key element, makes almost to be difficult to use in message exchange with when shared.
A kind of road automatic coding system is disclosed in Chinese patent CN101145218A, urban transportation entities such as urban road, intersection, road traffic facility and traffic events are carried out Unified coding, all kinds of entities all adopt the coding of same structure, coding is made up of 16 hexadecimal digits, comprises orientation sign indicating number, object hierarchy sign indicating number, classification code, repeated code index code and expands sign indicating number.But this coded system requires relatively stricter, is to be based upon under the correct city topology network architecture, and applicable surface is narrower relatively.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, for overcoming existing pel coding standard disunity, there is ambiguity in the uniqueness of coding, cataloged procedure is subjected to problems such as manual intervention and personal error image, utilize the feature of vector data self to carry out the coding of pel uniqueness, make to reach relation one to one between solid on the space and the space characteristics coding.By this space characteristics coding, reach the spatial relationship computation complexity that reduces design macrooperation amount, the purpose of simplifying spatial operation.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
A kind ofly utilize the coding method of vector data space characteristics may further comprise the steps,
The first step: quadtree mesh ranks coding:
(1) with the initial point of coordinate origin as quadtree mesh; If coordinate system disappearance, then with the twice of the upper left angle point of this figure amplitude range initial point as quadtree mesh;
(2), obtain its central point and outsourcing rectangle to each geographic element;
(3), seek the pairing quaternary tree level of the immediate with it length of side in the coding benchmark according to the length of side of outsourcing rectangle;
(4), generate row number, row number, the rank of this geographic element correspondence according to the length of side of the corresponding level of geographic element central point, quaternary tree initial point, quaternary tree; The computing formula of the ranks of the corresponding grid of described geographic element number is:
Capable number=
Row number=
(5) according to the ranks of above-mentioned (4) number, quaternary tree rank, calculate the corresponding foursquare scope of this rank, in judging whether geographic element is completely contained in, if in not being included in, then the relation of inclusion of last layer time quaternary tree node and this geographic element is asked in circulation, is comprised fully until this geographic element; If in all being included in, then can determine the row number, row number, three component units of rank;
Second step, the representative point coding:
Polygon inside have a few, the minor increment of choosing this polygon edge be a peaked point as representative point, with described representative point to the relative coordinate in its quadtree mesh upper left corner, place as coding;
The 3rd step, contour encoding:
With the value of the length of geographic element or area as contour encoding;
The 4th step, azimuth coding:
What azimuth coding was expressed is the first point of pel, and determined first node when promptly drawing pel with respect to the direction of representative point, is used for distinguishing the coding of repetition; With the radian of direction, i.e. in the counterclockwise direction radian between x positive axis and first point and the representative point line, rounding up keeps three as azimuth coding;
The 5th step, the space characteristics coded combination:
The coding that first to fourth step is generated makes up span feature coding.
The present invention utilizes the feature of geographic element vector data self, pel can be carried out the coding of uniqueness, has set up unified coding standard.By space characteristics coding method of the present invention, can reduce the spatial relationship computation complexity of design macrooperation amount, simplify spatial operation, and can be with vector data space characteristics coding Preliminary Applications in key element level change-detection and renewal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the coding benchmark synoptic diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 2 is a quaternary tree ranks coding synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a face key element representative point synoptic diagram in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is that the space characteristics coding of the inventive method is formed synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the pel example schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described in further detail.
Basic ideas of the present invention: characteristic information such as the locus by the vector key element, geometric configuration, aggregate type, profile can identify a solid uniquely.Therefore the space characteristics coding of the present invention's proposition is a combinational code, is made up of quadtree mesh ranks coding, representative point coordinate coding, azimuth coding and contour encoding four parts.32 of total code lengths, wherein 3 azimuth codings are decimally expressed, and other 29 are all adopted hexadecimal representation.The equator girth is 2*PI*R=2*20037508.3427892, and promptly the span of X-axis is: [20037508.3427892,20037508.3427892].The maximal value of seven sexadecimal numbers is 16
7, promptly 268435455, greater than the upper limit of X-axis, calculate with formula and to show, so ranks number just can meet the demands with seven sexadecimal numbers greater than the Y-axis upper limit.
The concrete steps of present embodiment coding method are as follows:
The first step: vector tile quadtree coding.
1) origin is chosen.With Zhejiang Province is example, chooses 27 ° of N, 118 ° of E are true origin, 5 ° of the maximum graticule mesh north and south meridional differences, through differing from 5 °, and this grid is for covering Zhejiang the whole province maximum mesh.Longitude and latitude being converted to rice then is unit, and origin is (278298.7269832 ,-278298.7269832).
2) row number, row number, level calculation.Concrete computing method are:
(1) according to the length of side of this pel outsourcing rectangle, seeks the quadtree mesh length of side immediate with it grid rank in different stage;
(2) according to the length of side of key element central point, quaternary tree initial point, quaternary tree corresponding level, calculate the ranks number of the corresponding grid of this geographic element, computing formula is:
Capable number=
Row number=
(3) go out the corresponding foursquare scope of this rank according to ranks number, quaternary tree level calculation, in judging whether geographic element is completely contained in, if in not being included in then the relation of inclusion of last layer time quaternary tree node and this geographic element is asked in circulation, comprised fully until this geographic element; If in all being included in, then can determine the row number, row number, three component units of rank.Fig. 2 is for carrying out the result of quadtree mesh ranks number coding to basis, a certain city landform settlement place key element, the numeral in the bracket is represented the length of side of row number, row number, place quadtree mesh successively.
Second step: representative point coding.Representative point is meant in have a few polygon inside, arrives a point (as Fig. 3) of the minor increment maximum of this polygon edge.When former and later two area patterns did not change, the position of representative point can not change too; On the contrary, no matter the area pattern occurrence positions changes or change of shape, and representative point all can change.Based on the consideration of code length, the present invention is with the relative coordinate of representative point to its quadtree mesh upper left corner, place, as the foundation of coding.
Be pel internal point coordinate,
The primitive boundary point coordinate, the representative point computing formula is:
The 3rd step: azimuth coding.Azimuth coding is expressed is that first point when this draws this pel (refer to determined first node) of pel with respect to the direction of representative point, is distinguished the coding of repetition, to guarantee the uniqueness of coding.Rounding up keeps three as azimuth coding to the radian of direction (this radian refers between x positive axis and first point and the representative point line radian in the counterclockwise direction).
Headed by point coordinate,
Be pel representative point coordinate, the orientation yardage is calculated formula and is:
The 4th step: contour encoding.The profile of geographic element (the present invention refers in particular to length and area) can change along with the deformation of key element as its build-in attribute.Take all factors into consideration the precision problem of data under the different proportion chi, present embodiment is decided to be 1 meter with the least unit of length or area, the calculating chart elemental area, the length interface that utilize ESRI company to provide.Length and area are 0 for a key element.
The 5th step: coded combination, as Fig. 4.Vector tile quadtree coding, representative point coding, azimuth coding, length, area coding are made up according to table 1 form.
Table 1
Carry out the specific coding explanation below in conjunction with Fig. 5:
(1) quaternary tree ranks coding can be distinguished pel (as pel among Fig. 51,2,3,4)
Pel 1 coding: 00000010000001020017001900032052
1-16 position (quaternary tree ranks coding): 0,000,001 0,000,001 02, pel 1 is in the 2nd layer of quadtree mesh (02), the 1st row (0000001), the 1st row (0000001).In like manner, pel 2 is in the 2nd layer of the 2nd row of quadtree mesh the 1st row, and pel 3 is in the 3rd layer of the 1st row of quadtree mesh the 2nd row, and pel 4 is in quadtree mesh the 2nd row the 2nd row.
(2) just can distinguish pel (as pel among Fig. 55,6,7) in conjunction with the representative point coding
Pel 7 coding: 0000001000000101004B003200017157
17-24 position (representative point coding): pel 5,6,7 quadtree mesh ranks coding is identical, all is in the 1st layer of the 1st row the 1st row, and 0,019 0032 pel, 5 representative points are 25 with respect to quadtree mesh upper left corner X coordinate, and the Y coordinate is 50; 0,032 0016 pel, 6 representative points are 50 with respect to quadtree mesh upper left corner X coordinate, and the Y coordinate is 22; 004B0032 pel 7 representative points are 75 with respect to quadtree mesh upper left corner X coordinate, and the Y coordinate is 50.
(3) above-mentioned coding can be distinguished with one heart with quadtree mesh pel (as pel among Fig. 58,9) in conjunction with contour encoding
Pel 9 coding: 00000010000001010032003F0006F000
25-29 position (contour encoding): pel 8,9 is a concentric circles, and preceding two classes coding is identical, and pel 8 contour encoding 0004E represent that its area is 78, and pel 9 contour encoding 0006F represent that its area is 111.
(4) above-mentioned coding can be distinguished concentric symmetrical pel (as pel among Fig. 5 10,11) in conjunction with the orientation sign indicating number
30-32 position (azimuth coding): pel 10,11 is for equally having rectangle with one heart, and first three class coding is identical, and pel 10 azimuth codings 052 expression first point direction radian is 0.52, and pel 11 azimuth codings 105 expression first point direction radians are 1.05.
Claims (1)
1. a coding method that utilizes the vector data space characteristics is characterized in that may further comprise the steps,
The first step: quadtree mesh ranks coding:
(1) with the initial point of coordinate origin as quadtree mesh; If coordinate system disappearance, then with the twice of the upper left angle point of this figure amplitude range initial point as quadtree mesh;
(2), obtain its central point and outsourcing rectangle to each geographic element;
(3), seek the pairing quaternary tree level of the immediate with it length of side in the coding benchmark according to the length of side of outsourcing rectangle;
(4), generate row number, row number, the rank of this geographic element correspondence according to the length of side of the corresponding level of geographic element central point, quaternary tree initial point, quaternary tree; The computing formula of the ranks of the corresponding grid of described geographic element number is:
Capable number=
Row number=
(5) according to the ranks of above-mentioned (4) number, quaternary tree rank, calculate the corresponding foursquare scope of this rank, in judging whether geographic element is completely contained in, if in not being included in, then the relation of inclusion of last layer time quaternary tree node and this geographic element is asked in circulation, is comprised fully until this geographic element; If in all being included in, then can determine the row number, row number, three component units of rank;
Second step, the representative point coding:
In the inner institute of polygon has a few, the minor increment of choosing this polygon edge be a peaked point as representative point, described representative point is arrived the relative coordinate in its quadtree mesh upper left corner, place as coding;
The 3rd step, contour encoding:
With the value of the length of geographic element or area as contour encoding;
The 4th step, azimuth coding:
What azimuth coding was expressed is the first point of pel, and determined first node when promptly drawing pel with respect to the direction of representative point, is used for distinguishing the coding of repetition; With the radian of direction, i.e. in the counterclockwise direction radian between x positive axis and first point and the representative point line, rounding up keeps three as azimuth coding;
The 5th step, the space characteristics coded combination:
The coding that first to fourth step is generated makes up span feature coding.
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| CN102609961A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-25 | 上海驿创信息技术有限公司 | Reference-point-based hybrid encoding and decoding method for vector graphics |
| CN103092992A (en) * | 2013-02-17 | 2013-05-08 | 南京师范大学 | Vector data preorder quadtree coding and indexing method based on Key / Value type NoSQL (Not only SQL) |
| CN104678978A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-03 | 常州怀玉电子有限公司 | System for farm implement section control based on operated areas and method of system |
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| CN111506576A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-08-07 | 华东师范大学 | Region quadtree-based land parcel coding method and device |
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Application publication date: 20111221 |