CN108053458A - A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting - Google Patents

A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108053458A
CN108053458A CN201711296921.7A CN201711296921A CN108053458A CN 108053458 A CN108053458 A CN 108053458A CN 201711296921 A CN201711296921 A CN 201711296921A CN 108053458 A CN108053458 A CN 108053458A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
map
generalized
display
generalization
watershed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201711296921.7A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
戚荣志
李水艳
曾涛
黄倩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hohai University HHU
Original Assignee
Hohai University HHU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hohai University HHU filed Critical Hohai University HHU
Priority to CN201711296921.7A priority Critical patent/CN108053458A/en
Publication of CN108053458A publication Critical patent/CN108053458A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/002D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/20Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
    • G06T11/206Drawing of charts or graphs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29Geographical information databases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/40Controlling or monitoring, e.g. of flood or hurricane; Forecasting, e.g. risk assessment or mapping
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Information Retrieval, Db Structures And Fs Structures Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作及展示方法,首先采用CAD应用软件,将流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素制作为电子图;再将电子图导入桌面GIS,按照元素特点及点、线、面的类型,分层绘制在不同的图层中;最后,将绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS,为Web端开发提供地图服务,实现概化图的展示。本发明能够实时地为防洪调度决策者提供全流域的水雨情信息,可扩充性、实用性强,方便更新,具有较高的推广应用价值。

The invention discloses a method for making and displaying a watershed generalization map based on a geographic information system. First, CAD application software is used to make an electronic map of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects, and hydrological survey station elements in the watershed; The map is imported into the desktop GIS, and is drawn in layers in different layers according to the characteristics of the elements and the types of points, lines, and surfaces; finally, the drawn generalized map base map is published to the server-side GIS to provide maps for Web-side development service to realize the display of generalized graphs. The invention can provide flood control dispatching decision makers with the water and rain information of the whole basin in real time, has strong expandability, practicability, and is convenient for updating, and has high popularization and application value.

Description

一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作及展示方法A Method of Making and Displaying Watershed Generalization Map Based on Geographic Information System

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作及展示方法,属于防洪减灾领域。The invention relates to a method for making and displaying a generalized watershed map based on a geographic information system, and belongs to the field of flood control and disaster reduction.

背景技术Background technique

我国地域辽阔、河流众多、地形复杂、季风性气候特征显著,年降水量十分集中,因此是一个水旱灾害频繁发生的国家。水旱灾害每年都给人民的生命和财产造成重大的损失,成为制约国家经济建设和可持续发展的主要因素之一。据历史统计资料显示,我国平均不到两年就发生一次较大洪灾。防洪调度是抵御洪灾的一项工作,流域概化图是进行防洪调度的重要基础。流域概化图为流域防洪调度提供了科学调度、依法防洪的技术手段。概化图以其简明直观、图文并茂、实用性强的特点,具有较高的推广应用价值。my country has a vast territory, numerous rivers, complex terrain, prominent monsoon climate characteristics, and concentrated annual precipitation, so it is a country with frequent floods and droughts. Flood and drought disasters cause great losses to people's lives and property every year, and become one of the main factors restricting national economic construction and sustainable development. According to historical statistics, a major flood occurs in my country on average in less than two years. Flood control scheduling is a task of resisting flood disasters, and the generalized watershed map is an important basis for flood control scheduling. The generalized map of the watershed provides technical means for scientific dispatching and lawful flood control for the dispatching of flood control in the river basin. The generalized diagram has a high value of popularization and application because of its concise and intuitive, rich in pictures and texts, and strong practicability.

目前,防洪调度决策者使用的概化图多是基于工程制图的方法制作,制作出来的静态图,虽然可以将一些水利工程的重要信息附在图中,但也具有一定的缺陷:At present, the generalized diagrams used by decision makers for flood control dispatching are mostly based on engineering drawing methods. Although the static diagrams produced can attach some important information of water conservancy projects to the diagrams, they also have certain defects:

1.传统概化图是静态图,不能把水文数据库的实时水文特征信息呈现在概化图上;1. The traditional generalized map is a static map, which cannot present the real-time hydrological characteristic information of the hydrological database on the generalized map;

2.静态概化图无法分流域展示,需要决策者判断监测点属于哪个流域,在一些复杂流域交汇点处,容易干扰决策;2. The static generalized map cannot be displayed by watershed, and decision makers need to judge which watershed the monitoring point belongs to. At the intersection of some complex watersheds, it is easy to interfere with decision-making;

3.概化图与Web系统的结合是以图片形式展示,无法对概化图进行缩放操作。3. The combination of the generalization map and the web system is displayed in the form of a picture, and the zoom operation cannot be performed on the generalization map.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作及展示方法,先采用CAD应用软件,将流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素制作电子图,按照元素在该流域中的重要程度及相对大小和位置,决定各元素的形状和颜色;再将电子图导入桌面GIS,并发布地图服务;最后,基于发布的地图服务进行Web端开发,对概化图进行展示,并将实时的水文特征信息附加在概化图上,供决策者及时掌握当前流域的旱涝情况。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for making and displaying a watershed generalization map based on a geographic information system. First, CAD application software is used to map elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects, and hydrometric stations in the watershed. Create an electronic map, and determine the shape and color of each element according to the importance, relative size and position of the elements in the watershed; then import the electronic map into the desktop GIS, and publish the map service; finally, based on the published map service, perform web-side Develop and display the generalized map, and attach real-time hydrological feature information to the generalized map, so that decision makers can keep abreast of the current drought and flood conditions in the watershed.

本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案:The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:

一方面,本发明提供一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,该制作方法的步骤如下:On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of watershed generalization map production method based on geographical information system, and the steps of this production method are as follows:

步骤1:选择流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素,采用CAD软件制作电子CAD图;Step 1: Select elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed, and use CAD software to make electronic CAD drawings;

步骤2:将电子图导入桌面GIS,按照元素特点及点、线、面的类型,分层绘制在不同的图层中,得到概化图底图。Step 2: Import the electronic map into the desktop GIS, draw it in different layers according to the characteristics of the elements and the types of points, lines, and surfaces, and obtain the base map of the generalized map.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤1的具体步骤为:As a further technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps of step 1 are:

步骤1.1:对流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素进行概化处理;Step 1.1: Generalize the elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed;

步骤1.2:对流域内的重点水利工程和水文测站元素进行筛选;Step 1.2: Screen key water conservancy projects and hydrometric station elements in the watershed;

步骤1.3:将重点水利工程和水文测站放置到对应的河流、湖泊或水库上一层,若重点水利工程和水文测站所属河流在概化图中没有绘制出来,则将重点水利工程和水文测站所属河流添加进来,生成电子CAD图。Step 1.3: Place the key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations on the upper layer of the corresponding rivers, lakes or reservoirs. The river to which the station belongs is added to generate an electronic CAD drawing.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤2的具体步骤为:As a further technical solution of the present invention, the concrete steps of step 2 are:

步骤2.1:选定坐标系,并确定坐标基准,以保证多张底图切换时,显示范围一致;Step 2.1: Select the coordinate system and determine the coordinate reference to ensure that the display range is consistent when multiple basemaps are switched;

步骤2.2:将步骤1中制作好的电子CAD图导入ArcGIS桌面软件,分层绘制GIS底图,其中,最上层是点要素类,中间层是线要素类,最下层是面要素类,以确保所有的要素都能正常显示;Step 2.2: import the electronic CAD drawing made in step 1 into the ArcGIS desktop software, and draw the GIS base map layer by layer, wherein the uppermost layer is a point feature class, the middle layer is a line feature class, and the bottom layer is a surface feature class to ensure All elements can be displayed normally;

步骤2.3:根据不同显示比例,定义每个图层和要素类的显示比例,以显示不同的要素类,从而得到概化图底图。Step 2.3: According to different display scales, define the display scale of each layer and feature class to display different feature classes, so as to obtain the generalized map base map.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤2.1中确定为GPS全球定位系统使用而建立的坐标系统作为坐标基准。As a further technical solution of the present invention, in step 2.1, it is determined that the coordinate system established for use by the GPS global positioning system is used as a coordinate reference.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤2.2中点要素类中绘制水位站、潮汐站、雨量站和泵站要素,线要素类中绘制水闸要素,面要素类中绘制主要河流及其支流、蓄洪区、湖泊和水库要素。As a further technical solution of the present invention, draw water level station, tide station, rainfall station and pumping station element in the point element class of step 2.2, draw sluice element in the line element class, draw main river and its tributaries, flood storage area in the surface element class , lake, and reservoir features.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤2.2中同一个要素类中有多种要素时,用制图表达解决不同的要素所用的图式不同的问题,使用基于规则的结构对数据进行符号化,这些结构与数据一同存储在地理数据库中。As a further technical solution of the present invention, when there are multiple elements in the same element class in step 2.2, use cartographic representation to solve the problem of different schemas used by different elements, and use a rule-based structure to symbolize the data. These structures Stored with the data in the geodatabase.

另一方面,本发明还提供一直如上任一所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法制作的概化图的展示方法,将绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS,为Web端开发提供地图服务,实现概化图的展示。On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for displaying a generalized map made by a method for making a generalized watershed map based on a geographic information system as described above, and publishes the base map of the drawn generalized map to the server GIS provides map services for web-side development and realizes the display of generalized maps.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,该展示方法的具体步骤为:As a further technical solution of the present invention, the specific steps of the display method are:

步骤3.1:用ArcGIS for Desktop连接ArcGIS for Server,将桌面GIS绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS中;Step 3.1: Use ArcGIS for Desktop to connect to ArcGIS for Server, and publish the generalized map base map drawn by desktop GIS to the server GIS;

步骤3.2:通过ArcGIS提供的应用程序接口,将ArcGIS for Server提供的概化图底图资源嵌入到Web页面中;Step 3.2: Embed the generalized map basemap resource provided by ArcGIS for Server into the web page through the application program interface provided by ArcGIS;

步骤3.3:在概化图底图包含重点水利工程及水文测站要素类所在的图层中,查询指定测站,并通过回调函数,将要素属性数据传回后台数据库中查询每个要素对应的实时水位、雨量或潮位数据,展示在概化图上,供防洪防旱调度决策者查看。Step 3.3: In the layer where the key water conservancy projects and hydrological stations feature classes are located in the basemap of the generalization map, query the specified stations, and pass the callback function to send the attribute data of the elements back to the background database to query the corresponding values of each element. Real-time water level, rainfall or tide level data are displayed on a generalized map for review by decision makers of flood control and drought control scheduling.

作为本发明的进一步技术方案,步骤3.3中概化图展示的具体操作步骤为:As a further technical solution of the present invention, the specific operation steps shown in the generalized diagram in step 3.3 are:

(1)创建ArcGIS应用程序接口的查询任务QueryTask对象并初始化,设置概化图查询参数;(1) Create the query task QueryTask object of the ArcGIS application program interface and initialize it, and set the query parameters of the generalized map;

(2)属性查询,设置查询条件及返回数据的格式,构造SQL查询语句;(2) Attribute query, set the query condition and the format of the returned data, and construct the SQL query statement;

(3)获取结果,执行QueryTask,并向实时水雨情数据库查询测站的实时数据,将获取结果的函数作为回调函数传给QueryTask对象,查询完成后,将结果集传给该回调函数;(3) Obtain the result, execute QueryTask, and query the real-time data of the station to the real-time water and rain database, and pass the function of obtaining the result to the QueryTask object as a callback function. After the query is completed, pass the result set to the callback function;

(4)属性绑定,将数据库查询到的数据绑定到对应的测站,作为测站要素的属性数据;(4) Attribute binding, binding the data queried in the database to the corresponding station, as the attribute data of the station elements;

(5)展示结果,在回调函数中,加入结果展示的逻辑,将测站属性数据展示在概化图上。(5) To display the results, in the callback function, add the logic of the result display, and display the attribute data of the measuring station on the generalization map.

本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下技术效果:本发明提供的基于地理信息系统制作流域概化图及展示的方法,先采用CAD应用软件,将流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素制作为电子图;再将电子图导入桌面GIS,按照元素特点及点、线、面的类型,分层绘制在不同的图层中;最后,将绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS,为Web端开发提供地图服务,实现概化图的展示。该方法能够实时地为防洪调度决策者提供全流域的水雨情信息,可扩充性、实用性强,方便更新。Compared with the prior art by adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following technical effects: the method for making a watershed generalization map and display based on a geographic information system provided by the present invention first adopts CAD application software to map rivers, lakes, The elements of key water conservancy projects and hydrological survey stations are made into electronic maps; then the electronic maps are imported into the desktop GIS, and are drawn in layers in different layers according to the characteristics of the elements and the types of points, lines, and surfaces; finally, the drawn outline The base map of the generalized map is published to the server-side GIS to provide map services for web-side development and realize the display of the generalized map. This method can provide flood control decision makers with real-time water and rain information in the whole basin, and is scalable, practical and easy to update.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明实施例的方法流程图;Fig. 1 is the method flowchart of the embodiment of the present invention;

图2为本发明实施例的概化图展示流程图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention, should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art will understand various equivalent forms of the present invention All modifications fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

如图1所示,本发明一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,包括如下步骤:As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of water basin generalization map making method based on geographical information system of the present invention comprises the following steps:

步骤1:选择流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素,采用CAD应用软件制作电子图。Step 1: Select elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed, and use CAD application software to make electronic maps.

使用CAD软件创建直线、多边形、圆和椭圆基本图形对象,用这些基本的图形对象,概括地表述海洋、河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素。Use CAD software to create straight line, polygon, circle and ellipse basic graphic objects, and use these basic graphic objects to express oceans, rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric station elements in a general way.

制作电子图的具体步骤为:The specific steps for making an electronic diagram are:

步骤1.1:对流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素进行概化处理,即忽略元素的形状,关注元素的相对大小、位置及元素间的关系,概化地表述流域内重点水利工程及测站的位置信息及相关水利工程的关系。按照流域的实际地理图,筛选出主要河流及其支流、蓄洪区、湖泊和水库要素,并根据这些要素的实际形状、地理位置和大小,在概化图中重构这些要素的形状、相对位置、大小和连通关系。其中,采用多边形绘制河流,椭圆或圆形绘制湖泊和水库,半圆形或半椭圆形绘制蓄洪区。线条的使用:实线代表堤岸或河岸;河的两岸都是虚线,代表地下涵洞;相交或相互连通的河流与湖泊、水库之间没有实线或虚线。Step 1.1: Generalize the elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed, that is, ignore the shape of elements, pay attention to the relative size, position and relationship between elements, and generalize the key points in the watershed The location information of water conservancy projects and measuring stations and the relationship of related water conservancy projects. According to the actual geographical map of the watershed, select the main rivers and their tributaries, flood storage areas, lakes and reservoirs, and reconstruct the shape and relative position of these elements in the generalized map according to the actual shape, geographical location and size of these elements , size and connectivity. Among them, polygons are used to draw rivers, ellipses or circles are used to draw lakes and reservoirs, and semicircles or semi-ellipses are used to draw flood storage areas. The use of lines: solid lines represent embankments or banks; both banks of the river are dotted lines, representing underground culverts; there are no solid or dotted lines between intersecting or interconnected rivers, lakes, and reservoirs.

步骤1.2:对流域内的重点水利工程和水文测站元素进行筛选。重点水利工程和水文测站主要包括水位站、潮汐站、雨量站、水闸和泵站,图式参考水利部发布的《防汛抗旱用图图式》。Step 1.2: Screen key water conservancy projects and hydrometric station elements in the watershed. Key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations mainly include water level stations, tide stations, rainfall stations, sluice gates and pumping stations, and the diagrams refer to the "Flood Control and Drought Relief Diagrams" issued by the Ministry of Water Resources.

步骤1.3:将重点水利工程和水文测站放置到对应的河流、湖泊或水库上一层,若重点水利工程和水文测站所属河流在概化图中没有绘制出来,则将其添加进来。制图完成后,生成电子CAD图,供桌面GIS绘制GIS底图使用。Step 1.3: Place key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations on the upper layer of corresponding rivers, lakes or reservoirs. If the rivers to which key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations belong are not drawn in the generalization map, add them. After the drawing is completed, an electronic CAD map is generated for the desktop GIS to draw the GIS base map.

步骤2:将电子图导入桌面GIS,按照元素特点及点、线、面的类型,分层绘制在不同的图层中。Step 2: Import the electronic map into the desktop GIS, and draw it in layers in different layers according to the characteristics of the elements and the types of points, lines, and surfaces.

桌面GIS是设计、共享、管理和发布地理信息的软件套件。ArcGIS for Desktop是对地理信息进行编辑、创建以及分析的GIS软件,可完成绘制GIS底图的工作。将上述绘制的电子CAD图导入ArcGIS for Desktop并分层绘制出GIS底图。Desktop GIS is a software suite for designing, sharing, managing and publishing geographic information. ArcGIS for Desktop is a GIS software for editing, creating and analyzing geographic information, and can complete the work of drawing GIS base maps. Import the above-mentioned electronic CAD drawing into ArcGIS for Desktop and draw the GIS base map layer by layer.

制作GIS底图的具体步骤为:The specific steps to make a GIS base map are as follows:

步骤2.1:确定坐标基准。多张底图使用同一坐标系、同一显示范围,可以保证不同底图相互切换时,地图视野和中心点坐标一致。例如,我们采用江苏省边界作为坐标基准时,当概化图底图与江苏省底图相互切换时,江苏省底图的视野及显示中心点与概化图一致。在此,采用为GPS全球定位系统使用而建立的坐标系统World Geodetic System1984(WGS84)坐标系作为坐标基准。Step 2.1: Determine the coordinate datum. Multiple basemaps use the same coordinate system and the same display range, which can ensure that the map field of view and the coordinates of the center point are consistent when switching between different basemaps. For example, when we use the boundary of Jiangsu Province as the coordinate reference, when the base map of the generalized map and the base map of Jiangsu Province are switched, the field of view and display center point of the base map of Jiangsu Province are consistent with those of the generalized map. Here, the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate system established for the GPS global positioning system is used as the coordinate reference.

步骤2.2:导入电子CAD图,分层绘制GIS底图。ArcGIS中,点、线、面分别代表不同的数据类型,在绘制时,将这3种类型的元素分在不同的要素类中绘制,叠放顺序为点要素类放在最上面,其次是线要素类,最下面是面要素类。点要素类中可绘制水位站、潮汐站、雨量站和泵站要素,线要素类中可绘制水闸要素,面要素类中可绘制主要河流及其支流、蓄洪区、湖泊和水库要素。不同的要素,所用的图式不同,而同一个要素类中,有多种要素时,可用制图表达解决这个问题,可以灵活使用基于规则的结构对数据进行符号化,这些结构与数据一同存储在地理数据库中。一个要素类可以具有多种制图表达,从而允许用户能够根据不同的应用需求对同一数据进行展示,而不需要备份额外的数据。此外,制图表达还可以针对要素类中每个要素的外观进行单独编辑。Step 2.2: Import the electronic CAD map and draw the GIS base map layer by layer. In ArcGIS, points, lines, and areas represent different data types. When drawing, these three types of elements are divided into different feature classes for drawing. The stacking order is that the point feature class is placed on the top, followed by the line The feature class, and the bottom one is the polygon feature class. Water level station, tide station, rainfall station and pumping station can be drawn in the point feature class, sluice features can be drawn in the line feature class, and main rivers and their tributaries, flood storage areas, lakes and reservoirs can be drawn in the area feature class. Different elements use different schemas, and when there are multiple elements in the same feature class, cartographic expressions can be used to solve this problem, and the data can be symbolized flexibly using rule-based structures, which are stored together with the data in in a geographic database. A feature class can have multiple representations, allowing users to display the same data according to different application requirements without backing up additional data. In addition, representations can be edited individually for the appearance of each feature in a feature class.

步骤2.3:将定义每个图层和要素类的显示比例,在不同显示比例时,显示不同的要素。Step 2.3: The display scale of each layer and feature class will be defined, and different elements will be displayed at different display scales.

本发明一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图展示方法为:将绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS,为Web端开发提供地图服务,实现概化图的展示。A method for displaying a generalized map of a watershed based on a geographic information system in the present invention is as follows: publishing the base map of the drawn generalized map to the server GIS, providing map services for Web-side development, and realizing the display of the generalized map.

发布GIS底图并展示概化图的具体步骤为:The specific steps to publish the GIS base map and display the generalized map are as follows:

步骤3.1:用ArcGIS for Desktop连接ArcGIS for Server,将桌面GIS绘制好的概化图底图发布到ArcGIS for Server中;Step 3.1: Use ArcGIS for Desktop to connect to ArcGIS for Server, and publish the generalized map base map drawn by desktop GIS to ArcGIS for Server;

步骤3.2:通过ArcGIS提供的应用程序接口,将ArcGIS for Server提供的概化图底图资源嵌入到Web页面中;Step 3.2: Embed the generalized map basemap resource provided by ArcGIS for Server into the web page through the application program interface provided by ArcGIS;

步骤3.3:在GIS底图中,包含重点水利工程及水文测站要素类,在该类所在的图层中,查询指定测站。并通过回调函数,将要素属性数据传回后台数据库中查询每个要素对应的实时水位、雨量或潮位数据,展示在概化图上,供防洪防旱调度决策者查看。Step 3.3: In the GIS base map, include key water conservancy projects and hydrological station feature classes, and query the specified station in the layer where this class is located. And through the callback function, the element attribute data is sent back to the background database to query the real-time water level, rainfall or tide level data corresponding to each element, and displayed on the generalized map for viewing by flood control and drought control scheduling decision makers.

如图2所示,概化图展示的具体操作包括:As shown in Figure 2, the specific operations shown in the generalization diagram include:

(1)创建ArcGIS应用程序接口的查询任务(QueryTask)对象并初始化,设置概化图查询参数;(1) Create and initialize the query task (QueryTask) object of the ArcGIS application program interface, and set the query parameters of the generalized map;

(2)属性查询,设置查询条件及返回数据的格式,构造SQL查询语句;(2) Attribute query, set the query condition and the format of the returned data, and construct the SQL query statement;

(3)获取结果,执行QueryTask,并向实时水雨情数据库查询测站的实时数据,将获取结果的函数作为回调函数传给QueryTask对象,查询完成后,将结果集传给该回调函数;(3) Obtain the result, execute QueryTask, and query the real-time data of the station to the real-time water and rain database, and pass the function of obtaining the result to the QueryTask object as a callback function. After the query is completed, pass the result set to the callback function;

(4)属性绑定,将数据库查询到的数据绑定到对应的测站,作为测站要素的属性数据。(4) Attribute binding, which binds the data queried from the database to the corresponding station as the attribute data of the station elements.

(5)展示结果,在回调函数中,加入结果展示的逻辑,将测站属性数据展示在概化图上。(5) To display the results, in the callback function, add the logic of the result display, and display the attribute data of the measuring station on the generalization map.

以上所述,仅为本发明中的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内,可理解想到的变换或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内,因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation mode in the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technology can understand the conceivable transformation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of the present invention, therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,该制作方法的步骤如下:1. a method for making a river basin generalization map based on geographic information system, characterized in that, the steps of the method for making are as follows: 步骤1:选择流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素,采用CAD软件制作电子CAD图;Step 1: Select elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed, and use CAD software to make electronic CAD drawings; 步骤2:将电子图导入桌面GIS,按照元素特点及点、线、面的类型,分层绘制在不同的图层中,得到概化图底图。Step 2: Import the electronic map into the desktop GIS, draw it in different layers according to the characteristics of the elements and the types of points, lines, and surfaces, and obtain the base map of the generalized map. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,步骤1的具体步骤为:2. a kind of water basin generalization map making method based on geographic information system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of step 1 are: 步骤1.1:对流域内的河流、湖泊、重点水利工程及水文测站元素进行概化处理;Step 1.1: Generalize the elements of rivers, lakes, key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations in the watershed; 步骤1.2:对流域内的重点水利工程和水文测站元素进行筛选;Step 1.2: Screen key water conservancy projects and hydrometric station elements in the watershed; 步骤1.3:将重点水利工程和水文测站放置到对应的河流、湖泊或水库上一层,若重点水利工程和水文测站所属河流在概化图中没有绘制出来,则将重点水利工程和水文测站所属河流添加进来,生成电子CAD图。Step 1.3: Place the key water conservancy projects and hydrometric stations on the upper layer of the corresponding rivers, lakes or reservoirs. The river to which the station belongs is added to generate an electronic CAD drawing. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,步骤2的具体步骤为:3. a kind of water basin generalization map making method based on geographic information system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of step 2 are: 步骤2.1:选定坐标系,并确定坐标基准,以保证多张底图切换时,显示范围一致;Step 2.1: Select the coordinate system and determine the coordinate reference to ensure that the display range is consistent when multiple basemaps are switched; 步骤2.2:将步骤1中制作好的电子CAD图导入ArcGIS桌面软件,分层绘制GIS底图,其中,最上层是点要素类,中间层是线要素类,最下层是面要素类,以确保所有的要素都能正常显示;Step 2.2: import the electronic CAD drawing made in step 1 into the ArcGIS desktop software, and draw the GIS base map layer by layer, wherein the uppermost layer is a point feature class, the middle layer is a line feature class, and the bottom layer is a surface feature class to ensure All elements can be displayed normally; 步骤2.3:根据不同显示比例,定义每个图层和要素类的显示比例,以显示不同的要素类,从而得到概化图底图。Step 2.3: According to different display scales, define the display scale of each layer and feature class to display different feature classes, so as to obtain the generalized map base map. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,步骤2.1中确定为GPS全球定位系统使用而建立的坐标系统作为坐标基准。4. A kind of water basin generalization map making method based on geographic information system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step 2.1, the coordinate system determined to be used by the GPS global positioning system is used as the coordinate reference. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,步骤2.2中点要素类中绘制水位站、潮汐站、雨量站和泵站要素,线要素类中绘制水闸要素,面要素类中绘制主要河流及其支流、蓄洪区、湖泊和水库要素。5. a kind of watershed generalization map making method based on geographic information system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, draws water level station, tide station, rainfall station and pumping station element, line element in the point feature class in step 2.2 The sluice features are drawn in the class, and the main rivers and their tributaries, flood storage areas, lakes and reservoirs are drawn in the area feature class. 6.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法,其特征在于,步骤2.2中同一个要素类中有多种要素时,用制图表达解决不同的要素所用的图式不同的问题,使用基于规则的结构对数据进行符号化,这些结构与数据一同存储在地理数据库中。6. a kind of water basin generalization map making method based on geographic information system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, when there are multiple elements in the same feature class in step 2.2, solve the used of different elements with cartographic expression Schema different problems symbolize the data using rule-based structures that are stored with the data in the geodatabase. 7.如权利要求1至6中任一所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图制作方法制作的概化图的展示方法,其特征在于,将绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS,为Web端开发提供地图服务,实现概化图的展示。7. as any one of claims 1 to 6, a method for displaying the generalized map based on the production method of the generalized map of the watershed based on the geographical information system is characterized in that, the generalized map base map that will be drawn is released Go to the server-side GIS to provide map services for web-side development and realize the display of generalized maps. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图的展示方法,其特征在于,该展示方法的具体步骤为:8. a kind of display method based on the water basin generalization map of geographical information system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of this display method are: 步骤3.1:用ArcGIS for Desktop连接ArcGIS for Server,将桌面GIS绘制好的概化图底图发布到服务端GIS中;Step 3.1: Use ArcGIS for Desktop to connect to ArcGIS for Server, and publish the generalized map base map drawn by desktop GIS to the server GIS; 步骤3.2:通过ArcGIS提供的应用程序接口,将ArcGIS for Server提供的概化图底图资源嵌入到Web页面中;Step 3.2: Embed the generalized map basemap resource provided by ArcGIS for Server into the web page through the application program interface provided by ArcGIS; 步骤3.3:在概化图底图包含重点水利工程及水文测站要素类所在的图层中,查询指定测站,并通过回调函数,将要素属性数据传回后台数据库中查询每个要素对应的实时水位、雨量或潮位数据,展示在概化图上,供防洪防旱调度决策者查看。Step 3.3: In the layer where the key water conservancy projects and hydrological stations feature classes are located in the basemap of the generalization map, query the specified stations, and pass the callback function to send the attribute data of the elements back to the background database to query the corresponding values of each element. Real-time water level, rainfall or tide level data are displayed on a generalized map for review by decision makers of flood control and drought control scheduling. 9.根据权利要求8所述的一种基于地理信息系统的流域概化图展示方法,其特征在于,步骤3.3中概化图展示的具体操作步骤为:9. A kind of watershed generalized map display method based on geographic information system according to claim 8, characterized in that, the specific operation steps of generalized map display in step 3.3 are: (1)创建ArcGIS应用程序接口的查询任务QueryTask对象并初始化,设置概化图查询参数;(1) Create the query task QueryTask object of the ArcGIS application program interface and initialize it, and set the query parameters of the generalized map; (2)属性查询,设置查询条件及返回数据的格式,构造SQL查询语句;(2) Attribute query, set the query condition and the format of the returned data, and construct the SQL query statement; (3)获取结果,执行QueryTask,并向实时水雨情数据库查询测站的实时数据,将获取结果的函数作为回调函数传给QueryTask对象,查询完成后,将结果集传给该回调函数;(3) Obtain the result, execute QueryTask, and query the real-time data of the station to the real-time water and rain database, and pass the function of obtaining the result to the QueryTask object as a callback function. After the query is completed, pass the result set to the callback function; (4)属性绑定,将数据库查询到的数据绑定到对应的测站,作为测站要素的属性数据;(4) Attribute binding, binding the data queried in the database to the corresponding station, as the attribute data of the station element; (5)展示结果,在回调函数中,加入结果展示的逻辑,将测站属性数据展示在概化图上。(5) To display the results, in the callback function, add the logic of the result display, and display the attribute data of the measuring station on the generalization map.
CN201711296921.7A 2017-12-08 2017-12-08 A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting Pending CN108053458A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711296921.7A CN108053458A (en) 2017-12-08 2017-12-08 A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201711296921.7A CN108053458A (en) 2017-12-08 2017-12-08 A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108053458A true CN108053458A (en) 2018-05-18

Family

ID=62123135

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201711296921.7A Pending CN108053458A (en) 2017-12-08 2017-12-08 A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN108053458A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109636908A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-16 积成电子股份有限公司 A kind of hydroelectric power plant basin figure is drawn and dissemination method
CN110188151A (en) * 2019-05-17 2019-08-30 深圳来电科技有限公司 A kind of method and electronic device generating indoor map based on CAD and GIS
CN110853489A (en) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-28 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 Water system basin basic data acquisition method and device
CN112000759A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-11-27 北京恒华伟业科技股份有限公司 Method and device for determining rights of river and lake reservoir based on map service
CN112180823A (en) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-05 常州工学院 A PLC control method based on reading DXF file motion trajectory planning

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7617077B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2009-11-10 Autodesk, Inc. Method and apparatus for automatically discovering hierarchical relationships in planar topologies
CN103366633A (en) * 2013-04-16 2013-10-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 Water conservation map data model-based flood risk map drawing method and system thereof
CN104008252A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-08-27 福建省电力勘测设计院 Method for automatically generating plane-section drawing of underground cable duct lines
CN104503755A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-08 中软信息系统工程有限公司 Dynamic information fusing and presenting method based on HTML5 (hypertext markup language 5) high-definition bitmaps
CN104851047A (en) * 2015-05-08 2015-08-19 西安理工大学 Agricultural meteorological factor online spatial visualization analysis method
CN104933229A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-09-23 华南理工大学 Built environment landscape characteristic recognition method based on internet picture
CN105574259A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 华南理工大学 Internet word frequency-based city cognitive map generation method
CN205486103U (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-08-17 中国环境科学研究院 Show basin water environmental quality research data 's device
CN106294653A (en) * 2016-08-04 2017-01-04 中国水利水电科学研究院 Flood Prevention based on GIS scheduling generalization figure dynamic creation method

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7617077B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2009-11-10 Autodesk, Inc. Method and apparatus for automatically discovering hierarchical relationships in planar topologies
CN103366633A (en) * 2013-04-16 2013-10-23 中国水利水电科学研究院 Water conservation map data model-based flood risk map drawing method and system thereof
CN104008252A (en) * 2014-06-12 2014-08-27 福建省电力勘测设计院 Method for automatically generating plane-section drawing of underground cable duct lines
CN104503755A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-08 中软信息系统工程有限公司 Dynamic information fusing and presenting method based on HTML5 (hypertext markup language 5) high-definition bitmaps
CN104851047A (en) * 2015-05-08 2015-08-19 西安理工大学 Agricultural meteorological factor online spatial visualization analysis method
CN104933229A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-09-23 华南理工大学 Built environment landscape characteristic recognition method based on internet picture
CN105574259A (en) * 2015-12-14 2016-05-11 华南理工大学 Internet word frequency-based city cognitive map generation method
CN205486103U (en) * 2016-03-11 2016-08-17 中国环境科学研究院 Show basin water environmental quality research data 's device
CN106294653A (en) * 2016-08-04 2017-01-04 中国水利水电科学研究院 Flood Prevention based on GIS scheduling generalization figure dynamic creation method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
冯浩: ""基于AreG15Server的辽河水利信息WebG15系统的设计与实现"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库(电子期刊)基础科学辑》 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109636908A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-16 积成电子股份有限公司 A kind of hydroelectric power plant basin figure is drawn and dissemination method
CN109636908B (en) * 2018-12-29 2023-04-11 积成电子股份有限公司 Method for drawing and publishing basin map of hydraulic power plant
CN110188151A (en) * 2019-05-17 2019-08-30 深圳来电科技有限公司 A kind of method and electronic device generating indoor map based on CAD and GIS
CN110853489A (en) * 2019-11-05 2020-02-28 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 Water system basin basic data acquisition method and device
CN110853489B (en) * 2019-11-05 2021-08-10 中电建生态环境集团有限公司 Water system basin basic data acquisition method and device
CN112000759A (en) * 2020-08-25 2020-11-27 北京恒华伟业科技股份有限公司 Method and device for determining rights of river and lake reservoir based on map service
CN112180823A (en) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-05 常州工学院 A PLC control method based on reading DXF file motion trajectory planning

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Moore et al. User's guide for the national hydrography dataset plus (NHDPlus) high resolution
CN108053458A (en) A kind of watershed generalization figure based on GIS-Geographic Information System makes and methods of exhibiting
CN104408564B (en) A kind of digital water resources system
CN105320811B (en) A method of establishing Urban Underground power pipe net topology connection model
Merwade et al. Geospatial representation of river channels
CN105261067A (en) Overground and underground integrated modeling method based on true 3D volumetric display technique and system
CN109213837B (en) A watershed multi-model integration data processing method
CN106599080B (en) A kind of rapid generation for keeping away big vast transfer figure based on GIS
Zhang et al. Three-dimensional waterway system for ship navigation based on integrated virtual waterway and flow simulation
Liu et al. Generating 3D depiction for a future ECDIS based on digital earth
CN103729800A (en) Water conservancy planning system
Nag et al. Introduction to geographical information systems
Dell GIS analysis for applied economists
Sun et al. Digital Cartography
Gao et al. Research on Construction of Natural Resources Three-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Database System
Jäger Liquid territory
Nag et al. Geographical information system concepts and business opportunities
Duy et al. The Solutions to Organize Data for Traffic Infrastructure Managment Combined
Liu et al. Fusing multiscale charts into 3D ENC systems based on underwater topography and remote sensing image
Ganju Conceptual marsh units for Assateague Island National Seashore and Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia
Phan et al. Creating a database with information about Vietnam’s administrative boundaries
Guizhi The design and product of national 1∶ 10 00000 cartographic data of topographic map
Kennelly Landscape volumetrics and visualizations of the butte mining district, montana
Lu Database design base on GIS gas management network
Ganju Conceptual marsh units for Plum Island Estuary and Parker River salt marsh complex, Massachusetts

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20180518

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication