CN102288866A - Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line - Google Patents
Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line Download PDFInfo
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- CN102288866A CN102288866A CN2011102091143A CN201110209114A CN102288866A CN 102288866 A CN102288866 A CN 102288866A CN 2011102091143 A CN2011102091143 A CN 2011102091143A CN 201110209114 A CN201110209114 A CN 201110209114A CN 102288866 A CN102288866 A CN 102288866A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and equipment for detecting a single-phase earth fault of a transmission and distribution line. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, detecting the mutation rate of transient current of the line, wherein the mutation rate Delta Ip/Delta t of the transient current is greater than Rh when the transient current positively jumps; and 2, determining a short-circuit earth fault when detecting that line voltage drops and V is smaller than Vh, wherein the sequence of the step 1 and the step 2 can be changed. According to the fault detection equipment, false alarm or alarm omission can be prevented, demands of different users can be met, and the equipment is applicable for mass production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power equipment, relate in particular to the detection of electric line singlephase earth fault.
Background technology
Electric line branch is many, and circuit is long, the load complexity.But, when earth fault occurring, must get rid of these faults as early as possible, otherwise phase voltage raises, can the grievous injury power-supply unit and the insulating property of circuit, and and then cause phase fault, thereby reduced power supply quality and efficient.And the position that will fix a breakdown and at first must find fault to take place.
For the neutral point indirect earthing electrical power trans mission/distribution system, during owing to the generation singlephase earth fault, line voltage is constant, and the line load electric current is constant, and characteristic quantity is not clearly, so the fault detect of single-phase earthing is a global problem.With regard to the detection of earth fault, the method that present checkout equipment mainly adopts has three classes:
Half-wave method headed by the first kind, the capacitance voltage that promptly utilizes ground connection instant earthing phase are judged to be earth fault with this when phase voltage homophase and capacitance current are greater than preset value mutually and take place.This method can be played a role.But maximum problem is this method to be based upon singlephase earth fault and to occur in the phase voltage peak value constantly, at this moment can compare phase place.Yet most singlephase earth faults occur in the position of non-crest or even waveform pass zero point, and just can't detect and judged earth fault this moment, referring to Fig. 1.
Second class methods are the quintuple harmonics method.These class methods quintuple harmonics can occur and utilize when quintuple harmonics being judged to be the earth fault generation during greater than preset value when utilizing circuit generation singlephase earth fault.This method is unreliable, because line load is various, under normal circumstances, comprises the situation of quintuple harmonics with regard to there being a large amount of harmonic components.If the fluctuation of electrical network causes 5 subharmonic to surpass preset value, the situation that will occur reporting by mistake; Perhaps line construction is simple, and the quintuple harmonics during ground connection is very little, and just can't detect quintuple harmonics this moment.
The 3rd class methods detect transient current exactly.Though transient current is apparent in view, but because the duration of transient state amount is very short, and be a quick attenuation process, less than 1/4th of power frequency cycle, checkout equipment obviously can't accurately detect the instant value of transient state amount, therefore also just can't accurately detect transient state amount size, line load is ever-changing still more, the unexpected fluctuation of load, variation all might cause circuit frequency of occurrences scope and the overlapping signal of transient current frequency range, erroneous judgement at this moment will occur, referring to Fig. 2.
Therefore, three class earth-fault detecting methods all can't the reliable detection singlephase earth fault more than.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly be subjected to electric line operational management, geographical environment, load fluctuation, climate change etc. to influence earth-fault detecting method smaller, reliable operation.
The present invention provides a kind of detection method of electric line singlephase earth fault in first aspect.This method comprises:
(1) detection line transient current mutation rate, positive transition appears in transient current, transient current mutation rate Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
h
(2) detection line voltage reduces, V＜V
h
When two conditions all satisfy, judge earth fault; The order of step (1) and (2) can change.
The present invention provides a kind of checkout equipment of electric line fault in second aspect.This equipment comprises: circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit, line current is carried out bandpass filtering, and obtain the mutation rate information of circuit transient current and outlet line transient current; Line voltage distribution field coupled circuit detects electric line voltage; Microcontroller circuit, configuration is used for: judge the mutation rate of circuit transient current, Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hJudge that line voltage distribution reduces V＜V
hWhen two conditions all satisfy, judge short circuit earth fault.
Wherein, Δ I
pBe the positive transition value of transient current, Δ t is the time of transient state amount sudden change, R
hBe the effective threshold values of presetting of judgement transient current mutation rate, V
hIt is the threshold values that the judgement voltage preset descends.
Optionally, with transient circuit sudden change amount Δ I
p＞I
hReplace Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hAs the detection of singlephase earth fault according to one of, I wherein
hIt is the transient state amount sudden change threshold values of presetting.
The mistake alarm can not occur or leak the alarm phenomenon according to fault test set of the present invention, can satisfy requirements of different users, be suitable for large-scale production.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the present invention is described in detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 detects the synoptic diagram of singlephase earth fault for adopting first half-wave method;
Fig. 2 detects the synoptic diagram of singlephase earth fault for adopting transient current value detection method;
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the method detection of ground faults of employing transient current root-mean-square value of the present invention positive transition;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic block circuit diagram that detects the checkout equipment of singlephase earth fault;
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of line current tracking and conversion circuit and circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit;
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit;
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of microcontroller circuit;
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of warning circuit.
Embodiment
During neutral point isolated neutral system generation singlephase earth fault, an essential characteristic of circuit is exactly moment to occur the transient current positive transition, and the ground connection phase voltage descends.Because the sudden change feature of transient current is apparent in view, the present invention utilizes the generation of this feature reliable detection singlephase earth fault.
The detection method that the invention provides a kind of singlephase earth fault is:
(1) mutation rate of detection line transient current, Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
h
(2) detection line voltage reduces, V＜V
h
Wherein, Δ I
pBe the sudden change value of transient current, Δ t is a transient state amount bound-time constant, R
hBe the effective threshold values of presetting of judgement transient current mutation rate, V
hIt is the threshold values that the judgement voltage preset descends.
Wherein, also available transient circuit sudden change amount Δ I
p＞I
hReplace Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hAs the detection of singlephase earth fault according to one of, I wherein
hIt is the transient state amount sudden change threshold values of presetting.
Single-phase earth fault detecting method of the present invention can overcome the defective of first half-wave method, quintuple harmonics method, transient state amount method.First half-wave method can't be differentiated the initial time of earth fault but suppose that artificially earth fault occurs in the line voltage distribution peak value constantly, and this is a wrong differentiation, does not meet the essential characteristic of singlephase earth fault; The quintuple harmonics method can't accurately detect because of the existence of circuit undesired signal; Because the circuit transient state amount duration is very short and decay is very fast, can't effectively detect; And first half-wave method, quintuple harmonics method, these three class methods of transient state amount method all when realizing to circuit generation singlephase earth fault line voltage distribution this key character that descends detect, this is another major defect of these methods.And detection method of the present invention is the mutation rate Δ I of the transient current amount of for example 300Hz to 4000Hz by the mutation rate testing circuit identification circuit electric current medium frequency component of circuit transient current
p/ Δ t＞R
h, and simultaneously by line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit (104) detection line voltage.If the mutation rate Δ I of transient current
p/ Δ t＞R
hAnd line voltage distribution decline V＜V
hThese two conditions satisfy simultaneously, just can reliably, accurately judge line single phase grounding failure.
Therefore, the mistake alarm can not occur or leak the alarm phenomenon, can satisfy requirements of different users, be suitable for large-scale production according to fault test set of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic that detects electric line primary side voltage.Among the figure, C
rBe the coupling capacitance that forms between checkout equipment shell and circuit 46 position contacting (surface conduction layer) 42 places and the checkout equipment circuit board common port 44.C
pBe the distributed capacitance between checkout equipment common port 44 and the earth 48.Checkout equipment shell and electric line position contacting scribble conductive layer or are equipped with conductive component such as conductive rubber etc.C
rOutput coupled voltages V, the electric line primary voltage equals (1+C
r/ C
p) * V, as long as therefore detect V, just can be through calculating the primary voltage of electric line.
Fig. 5 is the schematic block circuit diagram of checkout equipment of the detection singlephase earth fault of the embodiment of the invention.Among the figure, checkout equipment comprises line current tracking and conversion circuit 101, circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103, line voltage distribution field coupled circuit 104, microcontroller circuit 105 and warning circuit 106.
Line current tracking and conversion circuit 101 are finished induction and the conversion to electric line primary side actual current.
The real-time follow-up that circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103 is realized line current transient state amount, and the mutation rate information of output transient state amount.Specifically, line current is carried out bandpass filtering, obtain the mutation rate information of circuit transient current and outlet line transient current.
The detection that line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit 104 is finished electric line primary side voltage, and the voltage signal after the output coupling.
After warning circuit 106 receives the alarm enabling signal of MCU microprocessor output, drive alarm device according to present condition and realize mechanical board turning alarm or luminous alarm.
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of line current tracking and conversion circuit and circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit.
In line current tracking and the conversion circuit 101, L1 is the current signal induction pick-up, after diode D1, D2 form the all-wave signal, this signal exports circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103 to induced signal by 1 output.
Certainly, L1 also can not need to carry out rectification through diode, but directly exports original AC signal to circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103.
Circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103 is made up of resistance R 11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R23, R24, capacitor C 4, C5, C6, C10, C11, diode D5, D11, comparison amplifier U2, wherein R24 is much larger than R23, C11 is a differential capacitance, C11 and R23 form differentiating circuit, realization is to the detection of mutation rate Δ Ip/ Δ t, time constant Δ t=R23*C11.R11, R12, C4, C5 form the two-stage high-pass wave filter, and filtering be the low frequency signal below the 300Hz for example from the half-wave AC signal medium frequency of L1, and R13, C6 form low-pass filtering, and filtering is the high-frequency signal more than the 4000Hz for example.The signal of after the band-pass filter that R11, R12, R13, C4, C5, C6 form, exporting through the rectifying and wave-filtering of D11, C10 after comparison amplifier U2 with the form output of signal HXH.In fact, because C10 carries out smothing filtering to all frequency ranges for for example each component of current signal of 300Hz to 4000Hz, therefore, in fact the signal at C10 two ends is exactly the root-mean-square value or the effective value of each frequency component of transient current signal.R14, the corresponding preset value R that constitutes of R15 dividing potential drop
hSignal is to the comparer negative pole.Under the normal condition, since the existence of differential capacitance C11, R23 two ends no signal.When positive transition Δ I appears in the circuit transient current
pThe time, then because the differential action of C11, R23, Δ I
p/ Δ t signal appears at the R23 two ends.If this positive transition Δ I
p/ Δ t signal is greater than the preset value R that is made of R14, R15 dividing potential drop correspondence
h, then comparer U2 exports high level pulse.
Though the embodiment here realizes is a kind of detection method to the transient current mutation rate, promptly to the detection of transient current root-mean-square value or effective value mutation rate, thereby also can utilize other method for example to the sudden change amount of the component signal of certain frequency in the transient current or certain band frequency scope or the differentiation that mutation rate detects the earth fault that achieves a butt joint.For example, obtain Δ I
p/ Δ t is because therefore Δ t=R23*C11 calculates Δ I by MCU
p/ Δ t* (R23*C11) can obtain Δ I
pThe sudden change amount.
When adopting transient current sudden change amount, sudden change amount Δ I
p＞I
hCan replace Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hAs the detection of singlephase earth fault according to one of, I wherein
hIt is the transient state amount sudden change threshold values of presetting.
Though Fig. 6 combined circuit current tracking and conversion circuit and circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit illustrate that in the lump this is for clear illustrative purposes, and do not mean that two concrete circuit of implementing among Fig. 6 must combine.Such as, circuit transient current mutation rate among Fig. 6 or sudden change amount testing circuit 103 can follow the tracks of with the line current of other type and conversion circuit 101 is worked together.
Fig. 7 is the synoptic diagram of line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit.Line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit 104 is made up of diode D7, D8, D9, resistance R 18, capacitor C 9.Coat conductive material on the main body cover surface of checkout equipment with the electric line position contacting and form conductive layer, perhaps assemble a conductive devices such as conductive rubber and be connected to the anodal tie point with the D8 negative pole of D7, thereby make coupling capacitance C of formation between the public terminal GND of electric line and checkout equipment circuit board by lead-in wire
r, form a distributed capacitance C between circuit board public terminal GND and the earth
p, coupling capacitance and distributed capacitance are formed bleeder circuit (referring to Fig. 4), with the tie point that the dividing potential drop V of coupling capacitor inputs to D7 positive pole and D8 negative pole, through the amplitude limit of D7, the filtering of R18, C9, export with signal VXH.
Fig. 8 is the synoptic diagram of microcontroller circuit.Microcontroller circuit 105 comprises capacitor C 7, C8, resistance R 16, R17, transistor Q2 and microprocessor U3.Microcontroller circuit can be by realizations such as microprocessor, single-chip microcomputers.
When circuit generation singlephase earth fault, moment the frequency of occurrences be for example 300H
ZTo 4000H
ZBetween the positive transition of transient current signal, if Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
h, then circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit 103 is exported transient current jump signal HXH, and this signal inputs to the pin one 3 of U3, causes that U3 enters the ground fault interruption handling procedure.Then, U3 detects the line voltage signal V that the C9 two ends input to pin 8 (VXH), through (1+C
r/ C
p) the formula Conversion Calculation of * V goes out the electric line primary voltage, if V＜V
h, be judged to be singlephase earth fault and take place.Preset value V
hRequire to set according to reality by U3.
When checkout equipment judges that singlephase earth fault takes place, in one embodiment, U3 pin one 2 output high level.If daytime, the conducting of Q2 two ends forms low-resistance, and at this moment the pin 5 (DAY) of U3 detects low level signal; If evening, then Q2 is by being high-impedance state, and U3 pin 5 detects high level signal at this moment, the colour of sky state when U3 judges that according to this mode line fault takes place.If then carry out mechanical board turning alarm mode daytime; If then carry out luminous or sounding alarm mode evening.
Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram of warning circuit.Warning circuit 106 comprises luminous or phonation circuit 1061 and board turning driving circuit 1062.These 2 circuit can be by the above battery of 3V (can be made up of or a plurality of battery is in series single battery) power supply, and also can form working power through overcommutation, filtering by the L1 induced signal is that warning circuit is powered.
Luminous or phonation circuit 1061 comprises resistance R 19, R20, diode D10, D11 and transistor Q3, and D11 is luminescent device or microphone device.
Board turning driving circuit 1062 comprises resistance R 21, R22, triode Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, drive coil L2.Wherein, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7 also can be devices such as relay, field effect transistor, controllable silicon; L2 can and have mercy on and join end to end and form by bifilar enameled wire, the built-in permanent magnetic material of coil, so L2 can realize positive and negative rotating magnetic field when the drive current, wherein L2, Q4, Q5 provide forward field drives current path, and L2, Q6, Q7 provide reversed magnetic field drive current path.When U3 judges circuit generation earth fault, if daytime, then U3 is by pin 6 output driving pulses, form forward field drives electric current through R21, Q4, Q5, L2, if this moment, mechanical board was the magnetic permanent magnetic material of diametrical magnetization, then mechanical board just is rotated in the forward to send fault warning information; As U3 when default reset time, counting finished, driving pulse of pin 7 outputs of U3 forms the reversed magnetic field drive current through R22, Q6, Q7, L2, mechanical board reverse rotation this moment and involution, and this fault warning finishes.
If evening, then U3 pin one 2 output pulse strings drive the lasting recurrent state that Q3 enters conducting, ends, current impulse driven for emitting lights or sounding that D11 is limited by R20 through R19, D10.Luminous or tune can be a kind of in uninterrupted luminous or two kinds of patterns of light period flicker, just stops luminous or sounding default reset time when counting finishes up to U3.
Checkout equipment of the present invention can be battery-powered, and logical circuit can be battery-powered, and also can form working power through overcommutation, filtering by the L1 induced signal is the warning circuit power supply.
Obviously, the present invention described here can have many variations, and this variation can not be thought and departs from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, the change that all it will be apparent to those skilled in the art all is included within the covering scope of these claims.
Claims (7)
1. the detection method of an electric line singlephase earth fault is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) detection line transient current mutation rate, positive transition appears in transient current, transient current mutation rate Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
h
(2) detection line voltage reduces, V＜V
h
When two conditions all satisfy, judge short circuit earth fault; The order of step (1) and (2) can change.
2. detection method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transient current mutation rate is a transient current root-mean-square value mutation rate, is the mutation rate of transient current effective value, or the mutation rate of the transient current signal of certain frequency or certain band frequency scope in the transient current.
3. detection method as claimed in claim 1 is wherein with transient circuit sudden change amount Δ I
p＞I
hReplace Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hAs the detection of singlephase earth fault according to one of, I wherein
hIt is the transient state amount sudden change threshold values of presetting.
4. the checkout equipment of an electric line fault comprises:
Circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit (103) carries out bandpass filtering to line current, obtains the mutation rate information of circuit transient current and outlet line transient current;
Line voltage distribution field coupled circuit (104) detects electric line voltage;
Microcontroller circuit (105), configuration is used for: judge the mutation rate signal of circuit transient current, Δ I
p/ Δ t＞R
hJudge that line voltage distribution reduces V＜V
hWhen two conditions all satisfy, judge short circuit earth fault; Wherein, Δ I
pBe the sudden change value of transient current, Δ t is the mutation time of transient current, R
hBe the effective threshold values of presetting of judgement transient current mutation rate, V
hIt is the threshold values that the judgement voltage preset descends.
5. checkout equipment as claimed in claim 4 is followed the tracks of and conversion circuit (101) comprising line current, and based on the AC signal that line current provides, circuit transient current mutation rate testing circuit obtains the circuit transient current according to AC signal.
6. checkout equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein line voltage distribution V field coupled circuit comprises coupling capacitance and is formed on a distributed capacitance between circuit board public terminal GND and the earth, wherein coupling capacitance forms conductive layer by coating conductive material on the main body cover surface of checkout equipment with the electric line position contacting, perhaps assemble a conductive devices, thereby make to form between the common port of electric line and checkout equipment circuit board, and calculate electric line voltage based on the partial pressure value of coupling capacitance.
7. checkout equipment as claimed in claim 4, wherein microcontroller circuit comprises microprocessor or single-chip microcomputer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110209114.3A CN102288866B (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110209114.3A CN102288866B (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line |
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| CN102288866A true CN102288866A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102288866B CN102288866B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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| CN201110209114.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102288866B (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2011-07-25 | Method and equipment for detecting single-phase earth fault of transmission and distribution line |
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| CN102944804A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-27 | 航天科工深圳（集团）有限公司 | Overhead line fault detection system |
| CN104101812A (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-15 | 北京映翰通网络技术股份有限公司 | Single-phase grounding fault detection and positioning method and system for low-current grounding power distribution network |
| CN105676059A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-06-15 | 德信东源电力技术服务（北京）有限公司 | Ground fault detection method and device |
| CN106526280A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-03-22 | 北京电力经济技术研究院 | Testing method and separating method for railway power load impact transient process |
| CN109073682A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-12-21 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | For monitoring monitoring device and method with the AC voltage source of reference potential DC decoupling |
| CN109256762A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-22 | 许继集团有限公司 | Power distribution network single-phase fault current compensation control method, device and system |
| US11502507B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2022-11-15 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Power converter with ground fault detection function and fault detection method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102944804A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-02-27 | 航天科工深圳（集团）有限公司 | Overhead line fault detection system |
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| CN106526280A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-03-22 | 北京电力经济技术研究院 | Testing method and separating method for railway power load impact transient process |
| CN109256762A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-01-22 | 许继集团有限公司 | Power distribution network single-phase fault current compensation control method, device and system |
| CN109256762B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 许继集团有限公司 | Power distribution network single-phase fault current compensation control method, device and system |
| US11502507B2 (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2022-11-15 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Power converter with ground fault detection function and fault detection method |
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|---|---|
| CN102288866B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
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