CN102287137B - Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method thereof - Google Patents
Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102287137B CN102287137B CN 201110272351 CN201110272351A CN102287137B CN 102287137 B CN102287137 B CN 102287137B CN 201110272351 CN201110272351 CN 201110272351 CN 201110272351 A CN201110272351 A CN 201110272351A CN 102287137 B CN102287137 B CN 102287137B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method, wherein the self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device comprises an upper drill rod, a drill collar, a shock absorber, an upper short connection part, a self-excitation resonator, a lower short connection part and a drill head from top to bottom. The drill collar is connected with theupper drill rod through threads. The shock absorber is connected with the drill collar through threads. The upper short connection part is connected with the shock absorber through threads. The self-excitation resonator is connected with the upper short connection part through threads. The other end of the self-excitation resonator is connected to the lower short connection part. The drill head is connected to the lower short connection part via threads. The invention is capable of making full use of lengthways vibration of the drill post, changing the harm into benefit, reducing the loss efficacy of the drill post effectively and enhancing the service life of the drill post. On the other hand, the invention is capable of converting the mechanical energy in lengthways impact and vibrationgenerated by the drill head and the drill collar to medium kinetic energy, achieving the rock crack sympathetic vibration condition and enhancing the well drilling speed.
Description
One, technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of a kind of drilling mode that utilizes covibration quick crashing deep formation rock and improve rate of penetration, belong to the broken rock technology field of oil drilling, be mainly used in the fields such as petroleum works, mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, specifically self-excitation resonance drilling rig and boring method thereof.
Two, background technology:
The difficult point of deep formation efficient rock-breaking drilling technology mainly comprises: the one, and there is technical bottleneck in existing efficient rock-breaking technology in deep formation; The 2nd, bad ground, bad ground proportion increase year by year, and the drilling speed of traditional drilling mode is more and more lower.For actual conditions and the deep formation drilling well difficult point of the current drilling engineering of China, need development efficient rock-breaking technology of new generation badly, research and development have the efficient rock-breaking technology of independent intellectual property right.
Resonance refers to that a physical system under CF, does the situation of vibration with peak swing.Its important characteristic is that it has a kind of frequency, i.e. eigentone, and when being energized when being subject to extraneous interference, whether its corresponding vibration regularity then depends on and disturbs vibration frequency consistent with its intrinsic frequency, the resonance effects that Here it is it has often been said.
Self-excitation resonance drilling well be utilize drill string in the drilling process self vibrate to excite nearly drill bit resonator, make its frequency of impact reach " natural frequency " of the fracture propagation of normal drilling condition sub-surface, the generation rock resonates, and realizes the drilling speed technology of at a high speed broken rock., do not retrieve the disclosed achievement in research of relevant self-excitation resonance any one form of drilling well (such as patent, article, treatise etc.) at home and abroad, application protection content has necessarily advanced.
Modern drilling technology is to grow up on the basis that drill bit adds the rotary drilling of water jet, be current application at most, efficient drilling technology that technology is the most perfect.At deep formation, some complicated bad grounds especially, the drilling well effect of rotary drilling is very undesirable, and rate of penetration is low, and drilling failure takes place frequently, and cost is high.
Three, summary of the invention:
An object of the present invention is to provide self-excitation resonance drilling rig, it is very undesirable that it is used for solving prior art drilling well effect, and rate of penetration is low, and drilling failure takes place frequently, the problem that cost is high; Another object of the present invention provides the boring method of this self-excitation resonance drilling rig.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: this self-excitation resonance drilling rig, comprise from top to bottom top rod, drill collar, damper, upper short circuit, self-excitation resonator, lower short circuit, drill bit, drill collar is connected with top rod by its screw thread, damper is connected with drill collar by screw thread, upper short circuit is connected with damper by screw thread, the self-excitation resonator is connected with upper short circuit by screw thread, and the self-excitation resonator other end connects lower short circuit, and drill bit is connected with lower short circuit by screw thread.
Drilling rod is each size drilling rod of the universal standard in the such scheme, is used for prolonging drill string, transmitting torque, transmission drilling fluid etc.
Drill collar is each size drill collar of the universal standard in the such scheme, is used for providing the pressure of the drill, transmission drilling fluid, connects drill bit etc.
Damper is each size damper of the universal standard in the such scheme, for reducing the various vibrations that come from self-excitation resonator and drill bit.
In the such scheme short circuit be each size stub boring of the universal standard quickly or joint, be used for the rationally distance between control damper, self-excitation resonator, the drill bit.
Drill bit is general scraper, rock bit, PDC etc. in the such scheme, is used for direct broken formation rock.
The self-excitation resonator is the damping ultrasonic drive in the such scheme, the mechanical energy of the random low frequency large-amplitude vibration that produces when being used for the broken rock of drill bit is converted to electric energy, play the effect of damping transducing, produce simultaneously the high frequency small amplitude motion, make the bottom rock vibration reach the resonance needed frequency of drilling well and amplitude.This self-excitation resonator comprises threaded column, the first transducer, controller, the second transducer, ultrasonic transformer, free quality, lower threaded column, is connected by other structures of upper and lower threaded column and drill string.The self-excitation resonator produces the longitudinal resonance of supersonic frequency, and by ultrasonic amplitude transformer with Amplitude amplification.
Transducer in the such scheme is general piezoelectric ceramic piece or magnetostriction materials, for generation of the ultrasonic extensional vibration of drill bit.
Ultrasonic transformer in the such scheme is index shape or catenary horn, mechanical oscillation amplitude or speed that piezoelectric ceramic piece produces are amplified, or with concentration of energy on less area, play cumulative action.
Free quality in the such scheme is standard-sized steel bushing with certain mass, free quality relies on excitation and the vibration coupling effect of driver, between drill bit and drill collar, produce the reciprocal collision of frequency of sound wave, impact kinetic energy for increasing vibration, and be delivered on drill bit and the rock contact interface by lower short circuit, produce the resonance of rock.
The method of above-mentioned self-excitation resonance drilling rig drilling well:
1) checks whether the work of self-excitation resonator is normal, and above-mentioned each parts are connected successively, at the bottom of the lower going-into-well;
2) circulating fluid, and rotary drill column carry and apply the pressure of the drill to drill bit by adjusting hook;
3) under initial drilling parameter, drill bit broken formation rock produces impact of collision and vibration, is delivered to the self-excitation resonator by short circuit;
4) controller scans the amplitude-frequency characteristic of stratum rock material, determines the resonance frequency of rock material;
5) for loading the suitable vibration frequency range of drill bit estimation, need to determine the amplitude range of drill bit;
6) in current formation rock material resonance frequency scope, select one to be lower than peaked as the optimum resonance frequency;
7) according to this optimum resonance frequency drives drill vibration;
8) further regulate the mechanical parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, change impact of collision and Vibration Condition that drill bit produces, the frequency that makes the self-excitation resonator amplify shock and vibration reaches or near the resonance frequency that formation rock resonates, realizes the broken rock of resonance;
9) when the stratum lithology changes, its resonance frequency changes, covibration can't occur on current stratum in the resonance frequency that last layer is regulated, need to readjust the mechanical parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, the frequency that makes the self-excitation resonator amplify shock and vibration reaches or near the resonance frequency that formation rock resonates, realizes again the broken rock of resonance.
Beneficial effect:
1) takes full advantage of method of longitudinal vibration of drilling string, turn bane into boon, effectively reduce drilling string failure, improve Drill String Lifespan.The impact of collision that drill bit rock break-off process drill bit and drill collar produce, vibration are a puzzlement drilling technology personnel's technical barriers always, because vibration can cause drill bit to fall the complicated down-hole accident such as tooth, lost cone and drilling string failure fracture, delay the drilling well duration, increase drilling cost.Impact of collision and vibration that the present invention utilizes drill bit and drill collar to produce just, and further amplification promotes the drill bit rock breaking efficiency.
2) in the past drilling well, the impact of collision that drill bit and drill collar produce, vibration will disappear in damper and the upper drilling string, cause the down-hole accidents such as drilling string failure and drill bit destruction, the present invention is converted into medium kinetic energy with drill bit and the impact of collision of drill collar generation, the mechanical energy of vibration, reach the rock fracture resonance condition, improve bit speed.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is self-excitation resonator structure schematic diagram among the present invention.
1 drilling rod; 2 drill collars; 3 dampers; Short circuit on 4; 5 self-excitation resonators; 6 times short circuits; 7 drill bits; Threaded column on 8; 9 first transducers; 10 controllers; 11 second transducers; 12 ultrasonic transformer inner chambers; 13 ultrasonic transformers; 14 free quality; 15 times threaded column.
Five, the specific embodiment:
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, this self-excitation resonance drilling rig is connected and composed in turn by top rod 1, drill collar 2, damper 3, self-excitation resonator 5, drill bit 7 from top to bottom, and drill collar 2 is connected with top rod 1 by its screw thread, and damper 3 is connected with drill collar 2 by screw thread; Self-excitation resonator 5 is connected with upper short circuit 4 by screw thread, and upper short circuit 4 is connected with damper 3 by screw thread; Drill bit 7 is connected with lower short circuit 6 by screw thread, and the other end of lower short circuit 6 is connected with self-excitation resonator 5.Self-excitation resonator 5 is the damping ultrasonic drive.
As shown in Figure 2, the self-excitation resonator comprises threaded column 8, the first transducer 9, controller 10, the second transducer 11, ultrasonic transformer 13, free quality 14, lower threaded column 15 among the present invention, upper threaded column 8, lower screw thread 15 posts all have external screw thread, upper threaded column 8 has a trumpet-shaped inner chamber, and horn mouth upwards; The first transducer 9, controller 10, the second transducer 11, free quality 14, lower threaded column 15 all have a cylindrical cavity; Ultrasonic transformer 13 also has inner chamber, and ultrasonic transformer inner chamber 12 is horn-like, and horn mouth is downward; After upper threaded column 8, the first transducer 9, controller 10, the second transducer 11, ultrasonic transformer 13, free quality 14, lower threaded column 15 connected, their inner chamber communicated, and forms oil circuit.Self-excitation resonator 5 is connected with upper short circuit 4, lower short circuit 6 respectively by upper and lower threaded column.Transducer is piezoelectric ceramic piece or magnetostriction materials, be longitudinal vibration transducer, the first transducer 9 utilizes the piezo-electric effect of piezoelectric that vibration mechanical energy is converted to electric energy, has damping effect, controller 10 is formation rock resonance characteristics scanning means, the working attributes that is used for analyzing the stratum resonance frequency and controls the second transducer 11, the second transducer 11 utilizes the piezoelectric inverse piezoelectric effect to change electric energy into extensional vibration.The Main Function of ultrasonic transformer 12 is that mechanical oscillation amplitude or speed that piezoelectric ceramic piece produces are amplified, or with concentration of energy on less area, play cumulative action.Self-excitation resonator 5 produces the longitudinal resonance of supersonic frequencies, and by ultrasonic amplitude transformer with Amplitude amplification.Free quality 14 relies on excitation and the vibration coupling effect of driver, produces the reciprocal collision of frequency of sound wave between drill bit 7 and drill collar 2, and is delivered on drill bit 7 and the rock contact interface by lower short circuit 6, produces the resonance of rock.
This self-excitation resonator 5 at first absorbs and comes from the vibration that produces in the drill bit rock break-off process, the vibration of the random law on the drill bit 7 is converted to electric energy, and is present in the controller 10, supplies the component working of the damping ultrasonic drive of controller 10 work and lower part.
Use controller 10, according to current drilling stratum condition, can automatically move and adjust the drill bit 7 with oscillating load, improve bit speed.Control drill bit 7 impactite stone materials produce initial crack, under the effect of bit load initial crack are further expanded.In this rock break-off process drill bit 7 rotatablely move and the ultrasonic vibration campaign be synchronous.So just can before drill bit, produce a local dynamic station Crack Extension district that always exists.
Under the pressure of the drill of determining, produce and keep the resonance of drill bit and rock material.
The method of above-mentioned self-excitation resonance drilling rig drilling well:
1) checks whether 5 work of self-excitation resonator are normal, and above-mentioned each parts are connected successively, at the bottom of the lower going-into-well;
2) circulating fluid, and rotary drill column, hook carries and apply the pressure of the drill to drill bit 7 by adjusting;
3) under initial drilling parameter, drill bit 7 broken formation rocks produce impact of collision and vibration, are delivered to self-excitation resonator 5 by short circuit;
4) amplitude-frequency characteristic of 10 pairs of stratum rock materials of controller scans, and determines the resonance frequency of rock material;
5) for loading the suitable vibration frequency range of drill bit estimation, need to determine the amplitude range of drill bit;
6) in current formation rock material resonance frequency scope, select one to be lower than peaked as the optimum resonance frequency;
7) according to this optimum resonance frequency drives drill vibration;
8) further regulate the mechanical parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, change impact of collision and Vibration Condition that drill bit produces, the frequency that makes self-excitation resonator 5 amplify shock and vibration reaches or near the resonance frequency that formation rock resonates, realizes the broken rock of resonance;
9) when the stratum lithology changes, its resonance frequency changes, covibration can't occur on current stratum in the resonance frequency that last layer is regulated, need to readjust the mechanical parameters such as the pressure of the drill, rotating speed, the frequency that makes the self-excitation resonator amplify shock and vibration reaches or near the resonance frequency that formation rock resonates, realizes again the broken rock of resonance.
About select drill bit amplitude higher limit this on the one hand, before this value the resonance of drill bit generation be do not have destructive.Surpass this limit, resonance might cause destruction.
Estimate suitable frequency coverage, in this scope, select a less frequency range as driving frequency.After rock resonance and cracking expansion, its resonance frequency can reduce.Before, the rock of upper frequency is after cracking in the frequency range, and its resonance frequency reduces and moves closer to driving frequency, and the resonance energy of rock continues.
Claims (4)
1. self-excitation resonance drilling rig, it is characterized in that: this self-excitation resonance drilling rig is by top rod (1), drill collar (2), damper (3), self-excitation resonator (5), drill bit (7) connects and composes in turn, drill collar (2) is connected with top rod (1) by its screw thread, damper (3) is connected with drill collar (2) by screw thread, upper short circuit (4) is connected with damper (3) by screw thread, self-excitation resonator (5) is connected with upper short circuit (4) by screw thread, self-excitation resonator (5) other end connects lower short circuit (6), and drill bit (7) is connected with lower short circuit (6) by screw thread; Described self-excitation resonator comprises threaded column (8), the first transducer (9), controller (10), the second transducer (11), ultrasonic transformer (13), free quality (14), lower threaded column (15); Described upper threaded column (8), lower threaded column (15) all have external screw thread, and upper threaded column (8) has a trumpet-shaped inner chamber, and horn mouth upwards; The first transducer (9), controller (10), the second transducer (11), free quality (14), lower threaded column (15) all have a cylindrical cavity; Ultrasonic transformer (13) also has inner chamber, and ultrasonic transformer inner chamber (12) is horn-like, and horn mouth is downward; After upper threaded column (8), the first transducer (9), controller (10), the second transducer (11), ultrasonic transformer (13), free quality (14), lower threaded column (15) connected, their inner chamber communicated, and formed oil circuit.
2. self-excitation according to claim 1 resonance drilling rig, it is characterized in that: described the first transducer (9), the second transducer (11) are general piezoelectric ceramic piece or magnetostriction materials, for generation of the ultrasonic extensional vibration of drill bit.
3. self-excitation according to claim 1 resonance drilling rig, it is characterized in that: described ultrasonic transformer (13) is index shape or catenary horn.
4. self-excitation according to claim 1 resonance drilling rig, it is characterized in that: described free quality (14) is standard-sized steel bushing with certain mass.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110272351 CN102287137B (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-09-15 | Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method thereof |
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| CN 201110272351 CN102287137B (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-09-15 | Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method thereof |
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| CN102287137A CN102287137A (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| CN102287137B true CN102287137B (en) | 2013-10-23 |
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| CN104763337B (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-11-02 | 东北石油大学 | A kind of for realizing the BHA that bottom rock resonates |
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| CN113464054B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2024-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Drilling device and drilling method |
| CN111485842B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-04-22 | 东北石油大学 | High-frequency vibration exciter for efficient rock breaking of resonance drilling |
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| CN116537712B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2024-01-26 | 西南石油大学 | Drill column longitudinal vibration suppression device capable of suppressing vibration |
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| CN1283735A (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-02-14 | 西南石油学院 | Rotational drilling method able to control vibration of drill rod |
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