CN109695423B - Drilling tool combination for inhibiting resonance of lower drill string and stabilizing bit pressure - Google Patents

Drilling tool combination for inhibiting resonance of lower drill string and stabilizing bit pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109695423B
CN109695423B CN201811618164.5A CN201811618164A CN109695423B CN 109695423 B CN109695423 B CN 109695423B CN 201811618164 A CN201811618164 A CN 201811618164A CN 109695423 B CN109695423 B CN 109695423B
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drill
disc
drill bit
coaxially
rod
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CN109695423A (en
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李沁
卢渊
伊向艺
张紫薇
钟颖
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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Chengdu Univeristy of Technology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E21B17/076Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers between rod or pipe and drill bit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling tool assembly for inhibiting resonance of a lower drill string and stabilizing drilling pressure, which comprises a drill rod, a drill collar and a drill bit, wherein the lower end of the drill rod is coaxially connected with the drill collar, the drill bit is coaxially connected at the lower end of the drill collar, a neutral section is always positioned in a drill collar section during normal drilling, a damping nipple is coaxially connected in series on the drill collar above the neutral section, a telescopic nipple is coaxially connected between the drill bit and the drill collar, and a shock actuating mechanism is arranged in the drill bit. After the damping nipple is connected in series, a drill string pipe string is changed into a damping nipple which is formed by clamping a plastic-like body between two elastic bodies, and the vibration is periodic axial vibration force, so that the expression form is that the axial pressure on a lower drilling tool is greatly fluctuated, namely the difference between a wave crest and a wave trough is large; when the pressure wave crest is in the axial pressure, the formed bit pressure exceeds the pressure which can be born by the drill bit, and after the damping short section is connected into the tubular column, the axial vibration wave can not be continuously transmitted, and the resonance can be inhibited, so the invention is very reliable in theoretical analysis.

Description

Drilling tool combination for inhibiting resonance of lower drill string and stabilizing bit pressure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum drilling engineering, relates to a drilling tool for drilling, and particularly relates to a drilling tool assembly for inhibiting resonance of a lower drill column and stabilizing drilling pressure.
Background
In modern oil drilling, in order to increase the mechanical drilling speed, a hydraulic impact hammer or an air hammer and the like are used for generating impact force for a drill bit so as to improve the efficiency of breaking rocks. When drilling, weight is applied to the drill bit, causing the teeth on the drill bit to bite into the rock and break up the rock to increase the depth of the well. The weight on bit is formed by the weight of the drill collar in the drill string in the drilling fluid (the actual weight of all drill collars in the drilling fluid is greater than the weight on bit). Since each different drill bit will have the optimum weight on bit, the length of the drill collar required to create the optimum weight on bit can be calculated, which is the neutral section position when the drill string is not vibrating. As the drill string vibrates, the neutral section will move up and down, but normally the amplitude will be small. The drill string is in tension and compression, respectively, above and below the neutral section. One type of approach to increasing the efficiency of breaking rock is to generate impact forces, such as air hammers, hydraulic hammers, and the like. Because these impact forces have a relatively fixed frequency period, when this frequency is integral multiple of the axial natural frequency of the drill collar, the entire drill string will resonate, which is characterized by a large increase in bit pressure over the expected periodicity. This not only greatly shortens the life of the drill bit, but also causes the drill string and other tools to fail.
Because the environment in the well is very complex, the condition of generating resonance is difficult to calculate accurately in theory, so that the working frequency of the tool cannot be determined, and the factor causes the use limitation of the tool capable of greatly improving the mechanical drilling speed.
Through the search of published patent documents, no published patent for solving the resonance problem similar to or similar to the present invention is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a combined drilling tool for inhibiting resonance of a lower drill string and stabilizing bit pressure, which is characterized in that a damping nipple is coaxially connected in series in a drill collar above a neutral section, and the vibration amplitude generated by a drill bit, a vibrator and the like can be effectively reduced by utilizing the characteristics that the damping nipple can generate axial deformation and consume the axial deformation energy after receiving axial force, so that the resonance is effectively inhibited and eliminated.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a restrain drilling tool combination of steady weight on bit of lower part drilling string resonance, includes drilling rod, drill collar and drill bit, drilling rod lower extreme coaxial coupling drill collar, at drill collar lower extreme coaxial coupling drill bit, the neutral section is in the drill collar section all the time during normal drilling, its characterized in that: a damping nipple is coaxially connected in series on the drill collar above the neutral section, a telescopic nipple is coaxially connected between the drill bit and the drill collar, and a shock actuating mechanism is arranged in the drill bit.
The damping nipple is composed of an outer cylinder, an inner square rod, an energy storage spring and a strong disc spring, wherein the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a conical inner screw thread and is in coaxial threaded connection with a drill collar; the tail end of the lower part of the inner square rod is provided with a conical outer screw thread which is connected with the drill collar in a threaded connection mode.
The telescopic short section is composed of an outer cylinder, a telescopic rod and a control rod, wherein the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a conical inner screw thread to be fixedly connected with the lower end thread of the drill collar, the telescopic rod is coaxially and slidably installed in the outer cylinder, the telescopic rod is in a hexagonal or octagonal prism structure, the head of the telescopic rod is cylindrical and coaxially and slidably runs in a cavity of the outer cylinder, and the prismatic rod part of the telescopic rod is guided in a prismatic through hole at the lower part of the outer cylinder to be vertically telescopic; the lower end of the telescopic rod outside the lower end of the outer cylinder is also made into a conical inner screw thread so as to be fixedly connected with a conical outer screw thread made at the upper end of the drill bit; the control rod is coaxially arranged at the upper end in the outer cylinder, penetrates through the telescopic rod and is connected with the jarring executing mechanism at the lower end.
The jolting execution mechanism comprises a hydraulic turbine, a spring, a disc-shaped knocking hammer, an anvil and a spiral section inclined plate, the spiral section inclined plate is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the drill bit, the disc-shaped knocking hammer is coaxially arranged on the spiral section inclined plate, the disc-shaped knocking hammer consists of a disc-shaped disc body and a central shaft column, the knocking head is arranged on the circumferential tangent line of the disc-shaped disc body, a guide plate is radially arranged at the upper part of the central shaft column, the central shaft column is coaxially arranged in a central hole of the spiral section inclined plate, and the guide plate is guided to rotate and slide on the spiral section inclined plate; an anvil is arranged on the inner upper part of the drill in the radial direction, and the anvil corresponds to the position of a knocking head of the disc-shaped knocking hammer when the spiral section inclined plate rises to the top end; a hydraulic turbine is fixedly installed at the upper part in the drill bit above the disc-shaped knocking hammer, the hydraulic turbine is in a hollow shaft shape, a normally open valve is coaxially installed in the hydraulic turbine, and the valve is controlled by a control rod of the telescopic short section; the stator of the hydraulic turbine is fixedly connected with the inside of the drill bit, the lower coaxial shaft of the turbine rotor is connected with a spring, and the spring is connected with the upper plane of the disc-shaped disc body of the disc-shaped knocking hammer.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. after the damping nipple is connected in series, a drill string pipe string is changed into a damping nipple which is formed by clamping a plastic-like body between two elastic bodies, and the vibration is periodic axial vibration force, so that the expression form is that the axial pressure on a lower drilling tool is greatly fluctuated, namely the difference between a wave crest and a wave trough is large; when the pressure is at the wave crest of the axial pressure, the formed bit pressure exceeds the pressure which can be born by the drill bit, and after the damping short section is connected into the tubular column, the axial vibration wave can not be continuously transmitted, the amplitude is rapidly reduced, and the resonance can be inhibited, so the invention is very reliable in theoretical analysis.
2. The telescopic short section coaxially arranged on the drill collar at the drill bit part and the vibration mechanism in the drill bit can realize radial and axial impact functions, the pressure of the generated drilling fluid is converted into axial hammering force, the efficiency of the drill bit for crushing rocks can be improved in a multiplied way, therefore, the impact force is improved, the production efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the influence of resonance on normal drilling safety can be avoided, and the vibration-amplitude-sensitive drill bit is more sensitive to the amplitude particularly for the drill bit which cannot bear larger impact force, and the technical superiority of the vibration-amplitude-sensitive drill bit is further reflected to the application of the invention.
3. The damping short section connected in the invention can stretch and retract and transmit torque by using a square prism inner cylinder, an upper spring, a lower spring and a damping cavity are designed, the upper spring is a wire winding spring with low elastic modulus, the lower spring is a disc spring with high elastic modulus, energy is stored and released after the telescopic deformation, deformation energy is consumed by using a damping structure, the upper spring and the lower spring are both in a free state when the shaft is not stressed in the axial direction, and the volume of the damping cavity is minimum; when the short section is pressed, the lower spring is compressed and deformed and stores energy (small deformation and large energy), so that the technical effect of inhibiting and even eliminating resonance is very obvious after the damping short section is added, and the great difficult problem which is difficult to overcome in the drilling engineering is perfectly solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the drill shown in FIG. 2 (the hammer drop is at the bottom of the drill);
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 2 taken along line C-C;
fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the cross-sectional structure of fig. 3 taken along line D-D.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings; the following examples are illustrative and not intended to be limiting, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A combined drilling tool for inhibiting the resonance of a lower drill string comprises a drill rod 1, a drill collar 2, a damping nipple, a telescopic nipple and a drill bit 7, wherein the lower end of the drill rod is coaxially connected with the drill collar, a neutral section is always positioned in the drill collar section during normal drilling, the damping nipple is coaxially connected in series on the drill collar above the neutral section, the drill bit is coaxially connected at the lower end of the drill collar, the telescopic nipple is coaxially connected between the drill bit and the drill collar, and a jarring executing mechanism is installed in the drill bit. For clearly describing the technical structure of the present invention, the following description is given for the damping nipple, the telescopic nipple and the jarring actuator respectively.
The damping nipple coaxially connected in series on the drill collar above the neutral section has the following structure:
the damping short joint is structurally characterized in that: referring to fig. 2 and 3, the damping device comprises an outer cylinder 3, an inner square rod 4, an energy storage spring 8 and a strong disc spring 9, wherein the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a conical inner screw thread and is in coaxial threaded connection with a drill collar, a cylindrical head of the inner square rod is coaxially and slidably operated in the outer cylinder, the inner square rod is guided to stretch in the lower part of the outer cylinder, the energy storage spring and the strong disc spring are coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder above and below the cylindrical head of the inner square rod respectively, and a damping cavity and the strong disc spring are in the same cavity; the tail end of the lower part of the inner square rod is provided with a conical outer screw thread which is connected with the drill collar in a threaded connection mode, so that the drill collar and the drill collar are coaxially connected in series.
Secondly, the structure of the telescopic short joint coaxially connected between the drill bit and the drill collar is as follows:
the telescopic short section has the following structure: referring to fig. 2, the drill collar is composed of an outer cylinder 5, a telescopic rod 6 and a control rod 10, wherein the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a conical inner screw thread to be fixedly connected with the lower end thread of the drill collar, the telescopic rod is coaxially and slidably mounted in the outer cylinder, the telescopic rod is in a hexagonal or octagonal prism structure, the head of the telescopic rod is cylindrical and coaxially and slidably runs in a cavity of the outer cylinder, and the prismatic rod part of the telescopic rod is guided in a prismatic through hole at the lower part of the outer cylinder to be stretched up and down and cannot radially displace; the lower end of the telescopic rod outside the lower end of the outer cylinder is also made into a conical inner screw thread so as to be fixedly connected with a conical outer screw thread made at the upper end of the drill bit; the control rod is coaxially arranged at the upper end in the outer cylinder, penetrates through the telescopic rod and is connected with the jarring executing mechanism at the lower end.
Thirdly, the structure of the shock actuating mechanism arranged in the drill bit is as follows:
the structure of the jar actuating mechanism installed in the drill bit is as follows: referring to fig. 2, 4, 5 and 6, the hydraulic drive type rotary percussion drill comprises a hydraulic turbine 12, a spring 13, a disc-shaped percussion hammer 14, an anvil 17 and a spiral section inclined plate 15, wherein the spiral section inclined plate is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the bottom in the drill bit, the disc-shaped percussion hammer is coaxially arranged on the spiral section inclined plate and consists of a disc-shaped disc body and a central shaft column, a percussion head 19 is arranged on the circumferential tangent line of the disc-shaped disc body, a guide plate 18 is radially arranged at the upper part of the central shaft column, the central shaft column is coaxially arranged in a central hole of the spiral section inclined plate, and the guide plate is guided to rotate and slide on the spiral section inclined plate; an anvil is arranged at the inner upper part of the drill bit in the radial direction and corresponds to the position of a knocking head of the disc-shaped knocking hammer when the spiral section inclined plate rises to the top end, so that the knocking head can knock the anvil to impact the drill bit in the circumferential direction; the lower end face of the central shaft column of the disc-shaped knocking hammer corresponds to the bottom in the drill bit, and the drill bit is axially shocked when the disc-shaped knocking hammer falls. In order to improve the axial jarring effect and avoid the downward resistance to the central axial column caused by the liquid existing at the bottom in the drill bit, a plurality of drilling fluid diversion channels 16 are arranged at the bottom of the drill bit at the position. A hydraulic turbine is fixedly installed at the upper part in the drill bit above the disc-shaped knocking hammer, the hydraulic turbine is in a hollow shaft shape, a normally open valve 11 is coaxially installed in the hydraulic turbine, and the valve is controlled by a control rod of the telescopic short section; the stator of the hydraulic turbine is fixedly connected with the inside of the drill bit, the lower coaxial shaft of the turbine rotor is connected with a spring, and the spring is connected with the upper plane of the disc-shaped disc body of the disc-shaped knocking hammer. The spring is always in a compressed state, so that the guide plate connected to the disc-shaped knocking hammer body is tightly pressed with the spiral inclined plane of the spiral section inclined plate at the lower part of the guide plate.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the drilling lower drill string assembly there is a section with zero axial force, known in the art as a neutral section. And the damping short section is arranged on the upper part of the neutral section by utilizing the characteristic that the neutral section is a tension-compression dividing point. When the drill string is normally drilled, the drill string section is pulled, the short section is in a stretching state, and the volume of the damping cavity is minimum. When the axial vibration force is increased, the neutral section is driven by the axial pressure wave to move up and down greatly. As the axial pressure peak moves upward, the neutral section also moves upward. When the central section exceeds the position of the damping short section, the short section can be axially pulled and converted into axially compressed state. The short section generates axial deformation (shortening) under the action of axial pressure to compress the spring to increase the volume of the damping cavity, and the drilling fluid is sucked into the negative pressure action cavity, so that the elastic energy generated by axial compression is consumed, and the axial force cannot be directly uploaded. When the vibration wave reaches the peak and enters the wave trough, the axial pressure of the short section is reduced or converted into tension, the elastic force of the spring is released and compresses the damping cavity, and the drilling fluid is discharged from the damping cavity, namely, part of the axial elastic force is supplemented. When the next wave crest arrives, the short section finishes the processes of sucking the drilling fluid and compressing the spring again until the wave troughs discharge the drilling fluid and release part of elastic force. This corresponds to the addition of an amplitude absorber and scrambler to the lower drill string that does not interfere with proper drilling in the middle of the drill string. The characteristics of the damping short joint that the drilling fluid is drawn and pressed to perform the assistant action of the drilling fluid and the spring and the axial deformation energy is consumed can be utilized, so that the development of resonance can be effectively inhibited.
A telescopic short section and a control rod are added above a drill bit, a hydraulic turbine is a hollow shaft, and a normally open valve is arranged in the shaft. The telescopic short section is connected with the drill collar and the drill bit from top to bottom, and the control rod is arranged in the telescopic short section and connected with the telescopic short section outer barrel. Before the bit pressure is applied, a main body of drilling fluid flows through the hollow shaft, and part of the drilling fluid flowing through the hydraulic turbine cannot enable the turbine to work normally. When bit pressure is applied, the telescopic short section is compressed, the control rod moves towards the direction of the bit along with the telescopic short section to push the valve in the hollow shaft of the hydraulic turbine to be closed, and drilling fluid completely passes through the hydraulic turbine to enable the hydraulic turbine to enter a normal working state. At the moment, the rotor of the hydraulic turbine drives the spring and the disc-shaped knocking hammer to rotate, when the disc-shaped knocking hammer rises to the highest point along with the spiral inclined plane of the spiral section inclined plate, a knocking head of the disc-shaped knocking hammer knocks the anvil to complete circumferential impact of the drill bit, and meanwhile, the disc-shaped knocking hammer falls to the lowest point of the spiral inclined plane under the action of elastic force of the spring to realize axial impact on the interior of the drill bit through the central shaft column; at the moment, the disc-shaped knocking hammer and the anvil are not contacted any more due to the height difference, and the anvil cannot prevent the knocking hammer from continuing to rotate along with the turbine rotor. Because the spiral inclined plane of the spiral section inclined plate can enable the disc-shaped knocking hammer body to move up and down, axial downward impact can be formed while circumferential knocking is finished, and the purpose of hydraulic double-acting shock is achieved.
Through engineering tests, the resonance effect of the drill rod is eliminated and inhibited ideally, and conditions are created for improving the production efficiency.

Claims (1)

1. The utility model provides a restrain drilling tool combination of steady weight on bit of lower part drilling string resonance, includes drilling rod, drill collar and drill bit, drilling rod lower extreme coaxial coupling drill collar, at drill collar lower extreme coaxial coupling drill bit, the neutral section is in the drill collar section all the time during normal drilling, its characterized in that: a damping nipple is coaxially connected in series on the drill collar above the neutral section, a telescopic nipple is coaxially connected between the drill bit and the drill collar, and a shock actuating mechanism is arranged in the drill bit;
the damping nipple is composed of an outer barrel, an inner square rod, an energy storage spring and a strong disc spring, wherein the upper end of the outer barrel is provided with a conical inner screw thread and is in coaxial threaded connection with a drill collar, a cylindrical head of the inner square rod coaxially slides in the outer barrel, the inner square rod is guided to stretch at the lower part of the outer barrel, and the energy storage spring and the strong disc spring are coaxially arranged in the outer barrel above and below the cylindrical head of the inner square rod respectively; the tail end of the lower part of the inner square rod is provided with a conical outer screw thread which is connected with the drill collar in a threaded connection mode;
the telescopic short section consists of an outer cylinder, a telescopic rod and a control rod, wherein the upper end of the outer cylinder is provided with a conical inner screw thread which is fixedly connected with the lower end thread of the drill collar, the telescopic rod is coaxially and slidably arranged in the outer cylinder, the telescopic rod is in a hexagonal or octagonal prism structure, the head of the telescopic rod is cylindrical and coaxially and slidably runs in a cavity of the outer cylinder, and the prismatic rod part of the telescopic rod is guided in a prismatic through hole at the lower part of the outer cylinder to be vertically telescopic; the lower end of the telescopic rod outside the lower end of the outer cylinder is also made into a conical inner screw thread so as to be fixedly connected with a conical outer screw thread made at the upper end of the drill bit; the control rod is coaxially arranged at the upper end in the outer cylinder, penetrates through the telescopic rod and is connected with the jarring executing mechanism at the lower end;
the jolting execution mechanism comprises a hydraulic turbine, a spring, a disc-shaped knocking hammer, an anvil and a spiral section inclined plate, the spiral section inclined plate is coaxially and fixedly arranged at the bottom in the drill bit, the disc-shaped knocking hammer is coaxially arranged on the spiral section inclined plate, the disc-shaped knocking hammer consists of a disc-shaped disc body and a central shaft column, the knocking head is arranged on the circumferential tangent line of the disc-shaped disc body, a guide plate is radially arranged at the upper part of the central shaft column, the central shaft column is coaxially arranged in a central hole of the spiral section inclined plate, and the guide plate is guided to rotate and slide on the spiral section inclined plate; an anvil is arranged on the inner upper part of the drill in the radial direction, and the anvil corresponds to the position of a knocking head of the disc-shaped knocking hammer when the spiral section inclined plate rises to the top end; a hydraulic turbine is fixedly installed at the upper part in the drill bit above the disc-shaped knocking hammer, the hydraulic turbine is in a hollow shaft shape, a normally open valve is coaxially installed in the hydraulic turbine, and the valve is controlled by a control rod of the telescopic short section; the stator of the hydraulic turbine is fixedly connected with the inside of the drill bit, the lower coaxial shaft of the turbine rotor is connected with a spring, and the spring is connected with the upper plane of the disc-shaped disc body of the disc-shaped knocking hammer.
CN201811618164.5A 2018-12-28 2018-12-28 Drilling tool combination for inhibiting resonance of lower drill string and stabilizing bit pressure Active CN109695423B (en)

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CN112983255B (en) * 2019-12-16 2022-02-01 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Drilling tool and method for determining parameters thereof

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CN101608535A (en) * 2009-06-29 2009-12-23 扬州天业石油机械有限公司 Mechanical multidirectional absorber
CN102287137A (en) * 2011-09-15 2011-12-21 东北石油大学 Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method
CN202131991U (en) * 2011-07-11 2012-02-01 安东石油技术(集团)有限公司 Bit pressure stabilizer
CN108798526A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-13 吉林大学 Torsion impact device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170107771A1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-20 Robert L. Morse System to Improve the Control of Downhole Tool-Strings Used in Radial Drilling

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101608535A (en) * 2009-06-29 2009-12-23 扬州天业石油机械有限公司 Mechanical multidirectional absorber
CN202131991U (en) * 2011-07-11 2012-02-01 安东石油技术(集团)有限公司 Bit pressure stabilizer
CN102287137A (en) * 2011-09-15 2011-12-21 东北石油大学 Self-excitation sympathetic vibration well drilling device and method
CN108798526A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-13 吉林大学 Torsion impact device

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