CN102286499A - 参与羊驼毛色形成的CDK5-A的cDNA - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种从羊驼皮肤分离的,参与羊驼毛色形成的CDK5-A的cDNA,其完整编码区的核苷酸大小为879bp,编码292个氨基酸。本发明还涉及构建包括有上述羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA的重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A,以及转化得到的重组质粒。本发明将上述重组质粒转染到羊驼黑色素细胞系后,羊驼毛色重要关键基因的表达均受到调控,如TYR和MC1R的基因表达水平显著升高,因此,CDK5-A参与羊驼毛色形成,成为改变羊驼毛色的基因资源。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及从羊驼皮肤分离的细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5 (命名为CDK5-A)的cDNA,将此CDK5-A基因转染到羊驼黑色素细胞系后,调控羊驼毛色的重要关键基因的表达均发生变化。因此,CDK5-A参与羊驼毛色形成,可成为通过转基因技术改变羊驼毛色的基因资源。
背景技术
细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5(Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5,CDK5)属于细胞周期素(cyclin)依赖性蛋白激酶(CDK)家族成员,CDK5最早利用生物化学方法从牛脑组织中分离出来,于1992年被发现。CDK5是由脯氨酸引导的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,对真核细胞的细胞分裂周期起磷酸化/脱磷酸化的调控作用。就结构而言,CDK5作为CDK家族的一员,与CDK2相比较,氨基酸序列相似性可达20%,相同性高达60%,同时CDK5也包含了全部的保守的蛋白激酶区域,并在第III区域中含有CDK家族成员共有的PSTAIRE结构域。
p35是一种相对分子量为35kDa的蛋白质,其稳定性较低,易通过依赖于泛素的蛋白水解途径降解。计算机模拟p35的三级结构,发现p35蛋白的催化部位可以折叠成与细胞周期蛋白A催化部位相似的结构。以前认为p35激活CDK5-A的机制与细胞周期蛋白A激活CDK2的机制并不完全相同:CDK2的激活需要和细胞周期蛋白A结合,但细胞周期蛋白A/CDK2的蛋白激酶活性很低,只有在激活的CAK(cdk-activating kinase)作用下,其蛋白激酶活性才能完全被激活;而CDK5的完全激活只需要和p35蛋白结合,并不需要CAK的作用。最近有报道指出,CDK5的Ser-159位点被酪蛋白激酶I(CKI)磷酸化后,激酶活性可明显增强,提示CDK5的完全激活,除需与p35结合外,可能还需要激酶的作用。
研究表明CDK5主要在神经元表达,与神经系统发育和神经元的正常功能密切相关。但近来发现CDK5在非神经元的组织或细胞中表达,如在鼠晶状体和兔角膜的上皮细胞中可调节细胞与基质及细胞间的粘附和迁移。Lee等人发现,CDK5在鼠的卵巢中表达,可能对卵巢内某些细胞的分化和凋亡起作用。
近来有研究发现,CDK5是一个新发现的能使体内外酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)发生磷酸化的激酶,TH被CDK5磷酸化后,TH的蛋白水平和活性均增加。TH是酪氨酸酶(TYR)的活性酶之一,在许多位点被不同的激酶磷酸化后,不同程度地影响着TH酶的活性。酪氨酸酶是在黑色素合成的起始过程中一种关键的起催化作用的限速酶,至少具有酪氨酸羟化酶和多巴氧化酶2种活性。TYR催化酪氨酸产生真黑素和褐黑素,而真黑素和褐黑素的量决定哺乳动物的毛色。CDK5以通过调节酪氨酸酶的活性来影响真黑素和褐黑素的产生,从而影响毛色。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种从羊驼皮肤分离的细胞周期素依赖蛋白激酶5(CDK5-A)的cDNA,以通过该基因调控羊驼的毛色。
本发明的技术方案包括:从羊驼皮肤cDNA文库中筛选到的CDK5-A。
利用Southern Blotting杂交方法,将CDK5-A引物用地高辛标记后,与已构建的羊驼皮肤cDNA文库杂交,所得阳性信号(图1)说明CDK5-A在羊驼皮肤中表达。将阳性信号对应的斑点进行质粒提取,经测序,验证是羊驼CDK5-A。通过PCR手段获取CDK5-A完整的编码区,得到一种羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA(电泳图见图2),其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所述。
羊驼CDK5-A基因,其编码的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所述。
图3是羊驼CDK5-A氨基酸序列与其他动物氨基酸序列的比较。从图中可以看出,羊驼CDK5-A基因的完整编码区核苷酸大小为879bp,编码292个氨基酸,与人、牛、马、猪等的同源性较高。
羊驼CDK5-A氨基酸的特征如下:根据分析,羊驼CDK5-A蛋白质的3D结构呈螺旋状,且具有多个结合位点。通过结构域分析,羊驼CDK5-A蛋白质在第10-203位氨基酸间含有多个激活位点如ATP结合位点以及底物结合位点(见图4)。第1-9位氨基酸和第204-292位氨基酸均为非活性部位,其中在第1-9位氨基酸中,赖氨酸含量较高(33%),而在第204-292位氨基酸中,亮氨酸含量最高(11个),而且每隔14个氨基酸就出现1个氨基酸,连续出现4次,还有4个亮氨酸呈成对排列。此外,有4个谷氨酸也成对排列。
本发明构建了包括有上述羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA的重组表达载体。具体地,是构建了包括有上述羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA的重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A。
由于羊驼CDK5-A完整的CDS区中没有合适的双酶切位点,本发明采用如图5的构建策略构建重组表达载体。利用RT-PCR技术,将羊驼皮肤组织总RNA反转录并扩增以获取羊驼CDK5-A基因,再将其亚克隆至pMD18-T Vector,构建出pMD-CDK5-A。利用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切pMD-CDK5-A和 pVAX-1,以产生粘性末端,回收二者的双酶切产物,利用T4 DNA连接酶将酶切产物CDK5-A基因连接到pVAX-1的EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ之间,产生重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A(图5)。
将上述重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A转化到DH5α中,在培养基上生长,产生的阳性克隆即为重组质粒,命名为pVAX1-CDK5-A。
本发明将此重组质粒pVAX1-CDK5-A通过脂质体转染到羊驼黑色素细胞系后(图6),羊驼毛色重要关键基因的表达均受到调控,如TYR(图7)和MC1R(图8)显著升高,与对照组相比,分别呈差异显著和极显著。因此,CDK5-A参与羊驼毛色形成,成为改变羊驼毛色的基因资源。
附图说明
图1显示了从羊驼皮肤cDNA文库中筛选到的CDK5-A。
图2为从分离的羊驼总RNA中通过RT-PCR(逆转录酶-聚合酶链式反应)得到的CDK5-A的1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图谱。
图3显示了羊驼CDK5-A编码的氨基酸序列与其他动物氨基酸序列的比较。
图4显示了羊驼CDK5-A的结构域。
图5为重组表达载体pVAX-CDK5-A的构建流程示意图。
图6显示了CDK5-A在羊驼黑色素细胞中转染后的表达。
图7显示了CDK5-A对羊驼黑色素细胞中TYR的调节作用。
图8显示了CDK5-A对羊驼黑色素细胞中MC1R的调节作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1:羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区cDNA的获取。
羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA及其编码的氨基酸序列见序列表,它的核苷酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所述,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所述。
通过BLAST比对其他哺乳动物CDK5基因的同源性,在其保守区用Primer3+软件设计引物,所用的引物如下:
上游:5’-ATGCAGAAATACGAGAAACTG-3’;
下游:5’-CTAGGGAGGGCAGAAGTCGGA-3’。
取液氮冻存的羊驼皮肤,按照试剂盒说明书操作提取羊驼皮肤总RNA。
将提取的羊驼皮肤总RNA取1μL,用核酸测定仪测定A260/A280、A260/A230,并计算其浓度,然后用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA质量。
对RNA进行反转录,10μL反应体系中含5×Prime ScriptTM Buffer 2μL,Prime ScriptTMRT Enzyme Mix 0.5μL,Oligo dT Primer 25pmol,随机引物50pmol,Total RNA 1μL,DEPC水加至10μL。上述成分混匀后置于PCR仪器中,反应条件为37℃15min,85℃5s。RT产物保存于20℃备用。
根据以下反应体系进行PCR扩增:Taq酶0.2μL(2U)、10×Reaction Buffer 2.5μL、cDNA 1μL(500-1000ng)、dNTPs(各2.5mM)2μL、上下游引物(10μM)各0.5μL,ddH2O加至25μL。扩增程序:94℃预变性3min;94℃变性30s,50℃退火30s,72℃延伸80s,35循环;72℃延伸5min。
PCR产物用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,得到图2所示的图谱,图中,第1条泳道上的条带为CDK5-A基因,M泳道上的条带为Marker,从图2中可以看出,CDK5-A的大小约为900bp。
实施例2:构建在黑色素细胞系中转染的重组表达质粒PVAX1-CDK5-A。
1、将上述实施例1中获得的PCR产物(-20℃保存时间不能太长)连接入克隆载体pMD18-T Vector,并进行转化,制备pMD-CDK5-A。
1)连接反应。
根据以下反应体系进行连接反应,pMD18-T Vector 1μL、PCR产物 1μL、加水至5μL,再加入Ligation Solution I 5μL,16℃反应30min。
2)转化。
取一管DH5α感受态细胞(商业购买)放在冰浴中融化,无菌条件下,加入一定量的连接DNA(取10μL放入100μL感受态细胞),轻轻混匀后,冰浴上放置30min,同时可设置另一管感受态细胞;42℃水浴热激90s,迅速置冰浴中10min;往管中加入800μL无Amp的LB液体培养基,37℃摇床上温育45min,使细菌复苏;每管加入150μL X-gal和60μL IPTG;每个平板加入100μL细菌液,涂布均匀;待液体完全浸入培养基后,倒置平板,37℃培养,12-16h后形成单菌落,有白色、蓝色菌落。
3) 质粒DNA的提取。
挑选白色菌落,2mL LB+Amp的试管中(通气良好)接入一单菌落,于37℃剧烈振摇下培养过夜;将1.5mL培养物倒入微量离心管中,于4℃,12000rpm离心30s,其余培养物贮存于4℃;吸去培养液,使细菌沉淀尽可能干燥;加入100μL用冰水预冷的质粒提取溶液I,剧烈振荡,以溶解细菌;加入200μL新配制的质粒提取溶液II;加入150μL用冰预冷的质粒提取溶液III;4℃,12000rpm离心10min,将上清移入另一离心管中;加等量酚:氯仿,振荡混匀,4℃,12000rpm离心10min;吸上清,加等体积氯仿,以去除多余酚;2倍体积的乙醇和少量3M NaAc,以沉淀DNA;用70%乙醇洗涤DNA,于4℃,12000rpm离心10min;弃上清,用50μL水溶解DNA,即为pMD-CDK5-A。
2、将上述1中获得的pMD-CDK5-A(-20℃保存)与pVAX-1连接,并进行转化,制备pVAX-CDK5-A。
1)分别双酶切pMD-CDK5-A和pVAX-1。
根据以下反应体系进行酶切反应:pMD18-CDK5/pVAX-1 5μL、dH2O 8μL、10×Buffer 4μL,EcoRⅠ 1μL、Hind Ⅲ 2μL。轻轻混匀后短暂离心,37℃水浴10h。1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,并回收目的片段。
2)连接和转化。
根据以下反应体系进行连接:上述1)中获得的pMD-CDK5-A酶切产物和pVAX-1酶切产生分别为7μL和1μL、10× T4 DNA Ligase Buffer 2μL、T4 DNA Ligase 1μL,加水至20μL。22℃孵育10min,65℃热激10min。
取5μL连接产物,加入100μL DH5α感受态细胞,轻轻振荡混匀,冰浴30min,42℃热激90s,然后再冰浴3min,加入900μL LB培养基,37℃振荡培养1h。取100μL培养液,涂布在含有IPTG和X-gal的氨苄青霉素(终浓度为100μg/L)的LB琼脂平板上,37℃培养过夜。挑选白色菌落,PCR法鉴定和酶切鉴定后,提取质粒,方法同1中步骤3),即为重组表达质粒pVAX-CDK5-A。
实施例3:CDK5-A转染黑色素细胞及其对黑色素细胞内基因表达的影响。
1)CDK5-A转染羊驼黑色素细胞。
在6孔板的每孔中加入大约2mL正常生长培养基,接种第五代黑色素细胞1-3×105个。在37℃条件下培养细胞约60-90%满;在灭菌离心管中准备试剂A和B(试剂A:对每孔细胞,使用125μL不含血清的培养基稀释2μg DNA;试剂B:对每孔细胞,使用125μL不含血清的培养基稀释7μL DNA fectin试剂);将试剂A和B混合,室温条件下孵育20min以促进DNA-脂质体复合体的形成;移去细胞中培养基,加入800μL不含血清的培养基;将DNA fectin与pVAX-CDK5-A加入细胞中,轻柔摇动培养板,确保混匀;在37℃条件下保温15h;移去培养基,每孔加入2mL含血清的黑色素细胞培养基;在37℃条件下培养细胞36h;收集细胞。
对收集的细胞用免疫组织化学检测CDK5-A在转染后羊驼黑色素细胞中的表达,结果如图6。图中, A为阴性对照;B为CDK5-A在转染黑色素细胞中的表达(4×),黄褐色为阳性反应物;C为CDK5-A在转染黑色素细胞中的表达(20×),黄褐色为阳性反应物。
2)检测转染后黑色素细胞中毛色基因的表达变化。
通过脂质体介导将pVAX-CDK5-A转染黑色素细胞72h后,收集所有细胞,并提取其总RNA,RT反应反转录为cDNA。以cDNA为模板,对MC1R和TYR进行PCR扩增,扩增时收集SYRB-GREEN染料信号以示产生目的基因的产量。同时,用18SrRNA做内参,用△CT计算相对产量。
RT反应体系:10μL反应体系中含5×Prime ScriptTM Buffer 2μL,Prime ScriptTM RT Enzyme Mix1 0.5μL,Oligo dT Primer 25pmol,随机引物50pmol,Total RNA 1μL,DEPC水加至10μL。上述成分混匀后置于PCR仪器中,反应条件为37℃15min,85℃5s。RT产物保存于-20℃备用。
以RT产物为模板,根据基因库内目标基因在哺乳动物中的同源性分析其保守区,设计如下引物:
建立PCR反应体系:10×Reaction Buffer 2.5μL,dNTPs(各2.5mM)2.0μL,上下游引物(10μM)各0.5μL,Taq DNA聚合酶(2U)0.2μL,cDNA模板(500-1000ng)1.0μL, ddH2O 18.3μL。按如下反应程序进行PCR反应。
PCR的反应程序如下:
通过2-△△CT法计算CDK5-A基因在转染羊驼黑色素细胞后基因表达水平,△CT目的基因=CT目的基因-CT内参基因,△△CT=△CT(pVAX-CDK5-A转染黑色素细胞)-△CT(空载体pVAX转染黑色素细胞)。mRNA表达差异倍数以2-△△CT表示。
用实时荧光定量PCR法检测CDK5-A转染后对黑色素细胞中TYR的调节作用,得到图7所示的结果,图中,I组为黑色素细胞;II组为黑色素细胞+DNA 转染试剂+空载体;III组为黑色素细胞+DNA转染试剂+pVAX-CDK5-A,内参基因为18s rRNA。从图中可以看出,pVAX-CDK5-A转染后,TYR基因表达显著升高,与对照组相比,呈显著差异,**p<0.05。
用实时荧光定量PCR法检测CDK5-A转染后对黑色素细胞中MC1R的调节作用,得到图8所示的结果,图中,I组为黑色素细胞;II组为黑色素细胞+DNA 转染试剂+空载体;III组为黑色素细胞+DNA转染试剂+pVAX-CDK5-A。内参基因为18s rRNA。图中表示pVAX-CDK5-A转染后,MC1R基因表达显著升高,与对照组相比,呈显著极差异,***p<0.01。
Claims (6)
1.一种羊驼CDK5-A完整编码区的cDNA,它的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所述。
2.一种羊驼CDK5-A基因,其编码的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所述。
3.包括有权利要求1的cDNA的重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A。
4.权利要求3重组表达载体的构建方法,是将CDK5-A克隆至pMD18-T Vector,构建出pMD-CDK5-A,用EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切pMD-CDK5-A和pVAX-1,回收二者的双酶切产物,利用T4 DNA连接酶连接产生重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A。
5.转化权利要求4重组表达载体PVAX1-CDK5-A获得的重组质粒PVAX1-CDK5-A。
6.权利要求5重组质粒PVAX1-CDK5-A转染黑色素细胞后对TYR和MC1R的调节作用。
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