CN102271670A - 生物油组合物,包含该生物油组合物的制剂,及其在预防或治疗心血管疾病中的应用 - Google Patents
生物油组合物,包含该生物油组合物的制剂,及其在预防或治疗心血管疾病中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102271670A CN102271670A CN2010800040437A CN201080004043A CN102271670A CN 102271670 A CN102271670 A CN 102271670A CN 2010800040437 A CN2010800040437 A CN 2010800040437A CN 201080004043 A CN201080004043 A CN 201080004043A CN 102271670 A CN102271670 A CN 102271670A
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物油组合物、优选得自桡足类动物,最优选得自飞马哲水蚤桡足类动物,及其用于预防或治疗动脉粥样斑块的形成、从而预防或治疗冠心病的发展的应用。该组合物包含海洋n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs),这些多不饱和脂肪酸通常被认为负责海洋油即EPA(C20:5n-3二十碳五烯酸)和DHA(C22:6n-3二十二碳六烯酸)的抗动脉粥样硬化作用。然而,很意外的是,已经发现本发明的油组合物比单独的EPA和DHA具有显著更高的预防动脉粥样斑块形成的活性,而且,不像单独的EPA和DHA那样,本发明的油组合物具有明显降低血液胆固醇的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物油组合物,包含该生物油组合物的制剂,及其在用于防治或治疗心血管疾病的日常食品增补剂、功能性食品、以及药品中的应用。
背景技术
1970年,Bang、Dyerberg和Nilsen等描述了生活在格林兰岛西海岸的爱斯基摩人的血脂及脂蛋白模式,并将它们同丹麦人的血脂及脂蛋白模式作了比较(H.O.Bang,J.Dyerberg和A.B.Bielsen,Plasmalipid and lipoprotein pattern in Greenlandic West-coast Eskimos,Lancet1971;1:1143-45)。后来,Dyerberg和他的同事们(J.Dyerberg,H.O.Bang和N.Hjorne,Faty acid composition of the plasma lipds in GreenlandEskimos,American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1975;28:958-66)将他们在上述比较中发现的不同和爱斯基摩人在冠心病中的死亡率远远低于丹麦人联系了起来,由于这两类人群饮食中的脂肪摄入相差无几,他们提出假设:上述冠心病死亡率的显著差异可能主要归功于爱斯基摩人摄入的大量海洋生物脂肪,所以冠心病的发生很可能与食物中天然脂质成分相关(J.Dyerberg,H.O.Bang,E.Storffersen,Smoncada和J.R.Vane,eicosapentaenoic acid and prevention of thrombosis andatherosclerosis?Lancet,1978,2:117-19)。在这些开拓性的研究后,越来越多的证据表明,作为西方社会的重要杀手的冠心病,不能仅仅被认为是和饮食中摄入过多脂肪所致的脂肪积累相关。
开拓该研究领域的科学家首次提出传统的爱斯基摩人的日常饮食中起抗动脉粥样硬化的关键成分是多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)。爱斯基摩人的饮食中主要包括海豹、鲸鱼、海鸟、以及,在某种程度上来说,鱼类,这些饮食每天可提供大约多达15克的多不饱和脂肪酸,远远多于典型的现代西方人饮食中的含量。
最近30-40年的研究早已证实Dyerberg小组的经典研究,并进一步为上述科学家以及其它专业人士之间所达成的这样的共识建立了一个可信的、科学的理论基础:海鲜食品及海产油对健康的好处首先,也是最主要,应该归功于两种典型的海洋产的多不饱和脂肪酸:二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。这个结论与在名为“超越胆固醇:n-3脂肪酸用于治疗和预防冠心病”的专题讨论会上由Deckelbaum等发表的结论和建议是一致的(American Journal of ClinicalNutriion 2008,87(suppl):2010S-2S)。
EPA和DHA分别包含20个和22个碳原子、以及5个和6个二价共轭键,其中第一个双键均在从脂肪酸疏水(甲基)端侧开始数的第3位碳原子上。EPA及DHA的常用缩写分别为C20:5n-3和C22:6n-3。海洋中的浮游植物是EPA和DHA的原始生产者,其生产的EPA和DHA再经由食物链由这一初级营养级到浮游动物及鱼类和海洋哺乳动物。而植物油及动物油中则,如果含有的话,也含有极少的EPA及DHA。
EPA和DHA被认为在预防心血管疾病中起至关重要的作用。在普通人群中,即使摄入少量的海洋食物,只要每天保证250mg的EPA及DHA,也能降低36%的由心血管疾病造成死亡风险,以及17%的普通民众死亡率(U.J.Jung等,American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2008,87(suppl):2003S-9S)。
EPA和DHA用于预防心血管疾病的可能的生理学及分子学原理包括:1)降低血浆中甘油三酯及游离脂肪酸的水平,2)增高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平并降低低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平,3)减少血小板凝聚,4)减少胆固醇的递送和胆固醇在动脉壁的沉积,5)减少动脉炎。这些均为包含复杂多样的生化机理相互作用的机制,包含EPA和DHA以及他们的转化产物(前列腺素、前列腺环素、凝血恶烷、白三烯)在调节不同细胞组织中的免疫反应、炎症反应、以及基因表达等方面的作用。尽管EPA及DHA对健康有益是毋庸置疑的,但目前仍无法完全阐明其复杂的作用机制。例如,目前仍无法解答为何“n-3脂肪酸用于治疗和预防冠心病的主要有效机制不同于减少血清中甘油三酯的积聚”(Decklnaum等,American Journal of Clinical Nurtition,2008,87(suppl):2010S-2S)。
最近30-40年的临床前实验和临床试验提供的证据一致表明食用海洋食物和海洋油于人体健康有益;相关领域的技术人员也普遍接受,上述对健康的益处应该特别归功于EPA和DHA。关于这两种n-3多不饱和脂肪酸具有预防冠心病的能力的证据非常有力,以至于西方社会的健康权威推荐每日摄入EPA及DHA作为一种主要的预防策略。这个策略也得到R.J.Deckelbaum和他的同事们在名为“超越胆固醇:n-3脂肪酸用于治疗和预防冠心病”的讨论会上的讨论和总结的支持(American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2008,87(suppl):2010s-2S)。此外,按美国专利5502077,5656667和5698594所披露的方法生产的浓缩EPA和DHA,作为降低血液中具诱发冠心病风险的组分的药物,已被美国食品药品管理局FDA批准。
附图说明
图1是在喂养的雌性小鼠的主动脉内形成的斑块的代表图,其中喂养所用的食物中分别添加了生物油组合物(饲料1)或EPA/DHA浓缩物(饲料2),与对照饲料(饲料3)相比。
图2展示了基于这三组实验饲料的雌性小鼠(n=10)的平均体重增长。
图3展示了用这三组实验饲料喂养的雌性小鼠(n=10)不同器官的平均重量(WAT=白色脂肪组织)。
本发明的详细描述
在下述对本发明的描述中,术语生物油组合物,桡足类动物油,桡足类动物油组合物,以及油组合物均可互换。
EPA和DHA是海洋鱼类、鲸鱼、海豹、甲壳类动物脂肪酸的主要成分。从海产桡足类动物飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)提取的油也富含EPA及DHA,不过这类油在化学成分上与其他海洋油有显著差别。与其他海洋油相比,本发明涉及的桡足类动物油富含C18:4n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(即十八碳四烯酸,SDA)。与其他海洋食物油不同的是,桡足类动物油中的多不饱和脂肪酸的主要成分是以由长链单不饱和醇为主形成的单酯化合物,例如蜡酯。相比较普通的海洋食物油,本发明的桡足类动物油中含有高比例的游离脂肪酸,低含量的甘油三酯,和高含量的变胞藻黄素(astaxanthin)和胆固醇。
基于对海洋油中EPA和DHA是其能预防或治疗心血管疾病的关键因素的普遍认可,本发明比较了这两类脂肪酸的生物医学效果与本发明中的桡足类动物油中的EPA和DHA的生物医学效果。本发明比较了桡足类动物油和浓缩的EPA和DHA对小鼠动脉粥样斑块的形成和血液中总体胆固醇水平的影响,桡足类动物油的含量被调整以使它们提供的EPA和DHA的总量和对照中EPA和DHA的总量一致。在这些研究中,实验动物为缺乏载脂蛋白E(ApoE-deficient)的小鼠,它们被喂养易致动脉粥样硬化的、含有21%重量百分比的脂肪和0.2%重量百分比的胆固醇的高脂饲料。
虽然本发明的桡足类动物油与其他海洋食物油在化学组成上有所不同,但是其在本发明中所表现出来的生物学活性上的惊人差异,不可能被任何专门研究海洋性多聚不饱和脂肪酸对心血管疾病的预防效果的人所预测。其中最惊人的发现是,本发明的生物油与浓缩的EPA/DHA相比,对预防动脉粥样斑块的形成的抑制有统计学上的显著差异。另外,其影响动物身体中的脂质沉积的模式,也与EPA和DHA有不同。本发明中的桡足类动物油是一种全新的抗动物粥样硬化的组合物。
本发明中的生物油组合物对血液中的胆固醇含量也有明显的作用。本发明中,喂食含该生物油组合物的动物的血液中的胆固醇总量和喂食含浓缩的EPA/DHA的食物的动物的血液中的胆固醇总量相比,有显著的降低。
本发明中的生物油组合物来源于新鲜的、冰冻解冻后,或脱水后干燥的海洋桡足类动物,优选是哲水蚤(Calanus)类,例如飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)。本发明的油组合物的提取可以采用现有的任何技术,例如,但不仅限于,传统的鱼油制作技术、生物学技术、有机溶解、超临界流体提取或冷压技术。典型的普通油,不论它们获得的方法和产量,其主要成分见表1。为展示本发明生物油组合物的独特性,传统鱼油B(鳕鱼肝油)和磷虾油的相应成分也列于此作为对照组。从这个分析结果来看这三类油的化学成分大相径庭,特别是它们的甘油三酯、磷脂、单酯(蜡酯)和单胞藻黄素的含量。可以看出本发明的桡足类动物油的脂质成分中蜡酯占了的主要成分,这点和传统的鳕鱼甘油和磷虾油不同。
表1:三种不同海洋油的典型化学组成(单位:mg/g):A:挪威海域捕捉的飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmaarchicus)中提取的桡足类动物油,B:亚特兰大大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)中提取的鳕鱼甘油,C:南极海域捕捉的南极磷虾(Euphausia superb)中提取的磷虾油:
1.Calanus AS生产的桡足类动物油(www.calanus.no)。
2.得自Falch,E.Rustad,T.,和Aursand,M.By-products fromgadiform species as raw material for production of marine lipids asingredients in food or feed.Process Biochemistry 2006,41:666-674。
3.得自Phleger,C.F.,Nelson,M.N.,Mooney,B.D.和Nichols,P.D.,Interannual and between species comparison of the lipids,fatty acids,and sterols of Antarctic krill from the US AMLR Elephant Island surveyarea,Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B 2002,131:733-747。
用于此处做示范的三种海洋油,除了表1中可见的主要化学成分的不同,各自的脂肪酸成分也大不相同(表2)。
表2:三种海洋油的脂肪酸组成(单位:mg/g):A:挪威海域捕捉的飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)中提取的桡足类动物油,B:亚特兰大大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)中提取的鳕鱼甘油,和C:南极海域捕捉的南极磷虾(Euphausia superb)中提取的磷虾油:
1.Calanus AS生产的桡足类动物油(www.calanus.no).
2.得自Standal,I.B.,Prael,A.,McEvoy,L.,Axelson,D.E.,和Aursand,M.,Discrimination of Cod liver Oil According to Wild/Farmedand Geographical Origins by GC and 13C NMR,J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc.2008,85:105-112
3.得自Hagen,W.,Kattner,G.,Terbruggen,A.and Van Vleet,E.S.,Lipid metabolism of the Antarctic krill,Euphausia superb and itsecological implications,Marine Biology 2001,139:95-104.
这三种油在脂肪酸成分中最显著的差异是桡足类动物油中十六碳四烯酸(SDA)的含量明显高于其他两种。
在本发明的油组合物中,SDA、EPA和DHA在很大程度上和长链醇形成酯。本发明的桡足类动物油中典型的蜡酯和长链醇的组合见表3.
表3.挪威海域捕捉的飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)中提取的桡足类动物油中的蜡酯和脂肪酸/醇的组合(%(w/w))的典型组成1:
蜡酯 | 主要醇/脂肪酸 | 次要醇/脂肪酸 | %(w/w) |
30:1 | 14:0/16:1 | 16:1/14:0 | 0.8 |
32:1 | 16:0/16:1 | 14:0/18:1 | 1.9 |
32:2 | 16:1/16:1 | 14:0/18:2 | 0.6 |
32:4 | 14:0/18:4 | 16:0/16:4 | 0.9 |
34:1 | 16:0/18:1 | 14:0/20:1 | |
20:1/14:0 | 17.6 | ||
34:2 | 16:0/18:2 | 16:1/18:1 | 0.9 |
34:3 | 16:0/18:3 | 16:1/18:2 | |
34:4 | 16:0/18:4 | 16:1/18:3 | 2.7 |
34:5 | 14:0/20:5 | 16:1/18:4 | 0.4 |
36:1 | 20:1/16:0 | 16:0/20:1 | |
22:1/14:0 | 21.9 | ||
36:2 | 20:1/16:1 | 16:1/20:1 | 2.3 |
36:5 | 16:0/20:5 | 20:1/16:4 | 1.1 |
36:6 | 16:1/20:5 | 14:/22:6 | 0.3 |
38:1 | 22:1/16:0 | 16:0/22:1 | 2.8 |
38:2 | 22:1/16:1 | 20:1/18:1 | 3.9 |
38:3 | 20:1/18:2 | 22:1/16:2 | 0.4 |
38:4 | 20:1/18:3 | 22:1/16:3 | 0.9 |
38:5 | 20:1/18:4 | 22:1/16:4 | 5.4 |
38:6 | 16:0/22:6 | 16:1/22:5 | |
40:2 | 20:1/20:1 | 22:1/18:1 | 5.9 |
40:3 | 22:1/18:2 | 0.7 | |
40:5 | 22:1/18:4 | 20:1/20:4 | 4.7 |
40:6 | 20:1/20:5 | 1.5 | |
42:2 | 22:1/20:1 | 20:1/22:1 | 12.7 |
42:6 | 22:1/20:5 | 20:1/22:5 | 1.5 |
42:7 | 20:1/22:6 | 2.0 | |
44:2 | 22:1/22:1 | 4.9 | |
44:7 | 22:1/22:6 | 0.6 |
1.遵守Graeve,M.和Kattner,G.Species-specific differencens inintact wax esters of Calanus hyperboreus and C.finmarchicus from FramStrait-Greenland Sea.Marine Chemistry 1992,39:269-81.
总之,无论在化学组成或脂肪酸成分方面,本发明的桡足类动物油都与传统鱼油和磷虾油存在显著的差别,尽管它和其他海洋油一样包含EPA和DHA。
尽管其有很高含量的蜡酯成分,但是本发明的油组合物为低粘度,在室温下为具有完全流动性的液体。造成这个现象的原因之一是因为蜡酯的醇类成分主要是中-长链单不饱和醇,一般含量达到80%甚至以上(主要为C20:1和C22:1)。
基于所利用的分析方法,本发明的油组合物的蜡酯含量可以达到70-90%,另外还含有10-20%的其他成分,如游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯、甾酮和色素。在有些实施例中,最好能用已知的技术和合适的方法去除这些游离脂肪酸和其他成分。这样在一个具体的实施例中,本发明的油组合物中的蜡酯成分可高达100%。
研究发现,本发明中的桡足类动物油的生物学作用与具有和其含有的EPA/DHA浓度相同的浓缩的EPA/DHA的作用有很大的差别。特别是本发明的油组合物能阻止动脉粥样斑块的形成,因此具有预防和治疗心血管疾病方面的作用。另外,本发明的油组合物还可以作用于血液中的总胆固醇水平,可以用于预防或治疗高胆固醇血症和高血液高胆固醇水平。
本发明的生物油组合物包含从20%,25%,30%,35%,40%,45%,50%,55%,60%,65%,70%重量百分比直至75%,80%,85%,86%,87%,88%,89%,90%,91%,92%,93%,94%,95%,96%,97%,98%,99%,100%重量百分比的蜡酯。优选地,本发明的生物油组合物包含从80%,85%,86%,87%,88%,89%重量百分比直到90%,91%,92%,93%,94%,95%,96%,97%,98%,99%,100%重量百分比的蜡酯。
进一步,本发明的生物油组合物包含从5%,6%,7%,8%,9%,10%重量百分比直到11%,12%,13%,14%,15%,16%,17%,18%,19%,20%重量百分比的SDA成分。
该生物油组合物中的EPA的成分所占的重量百分比从3%,4%,5%,6%,7%,直到8%,9%,10%,11%,12%,13%,14%,15%。而所含的DHA的重量百分比从2%,3%,4%,5%到6%,7%,8%,9%,10%。
在其中的一个实施例中,本发明提供了生物油组合物,其中所述组合物包含20-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,优选包含50-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,更优选包含70-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,用作预防或治疗心血管疾病的药物。这些油组合物可分离自海洋桡足类动物,优选属于哲水蚤属(genus Calanus)的海洋桡足类动物,更优选为飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)。
在另一实施例中,本发明还提供了生物油组合物,其用作治疗和预防动脉粥样斑块、高胆固醇血症以及高血液高胆固醇水平的药物。
在另一实施例中,本发明提供的油组合物还含有5-20%重量百分比的SDA。
在另一个实施例中,本发明提供的油组合物含有3-15%重量百分比的EPA,以及2-10%重量百分比的DHA。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,提供的组合物包含20-100%重量百分比的蜡脂,优选70-100%重量百分比的蜡脂,5-20%重量百分比的SDA,3-15%重量百分比的EPA和2-10%重量百分比的DHA。
在另一个实施例中,本发明的油组合物包括脂肪醇以及和作为与脂肪醇成单酯的SDA、DHA和EPA。
而在本发明的另一个实施例中,本发明的油组合物含1000-4000ppm的变胞藻黄素,其中绝大部分是以酯的形式存在。
本发明也提供了包含上述的油组合物的食品增补剂制剂。
另外,本发明也涵盖了包含上述油组合物的功能性食品制剂。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供了包含上述的油组合物的药物制剂。
以上提及的包含本发明的油组合物的制剂可以以胶囊、片剂、乳剂或补剂的形式被提供,还可含一种或多种药学上可以接受的添加剂,所述添加剂可以选自:辅剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂和载体。
本发明也提供上述油组合物用于制造预防或治疗心血管疾病,特别是动脉粥样硬化,高胆固醇血症和高血液胆固醇水平的药物的应用。
本发明提供一种预防或治疗心血管疾病,特别是动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,高胆固醇血症和高血液胆固醇水平的方法,对于需要进行这样的预防或治疗的个人,给予可以口服的,包含生物油组合物的药物组合物,其中的生物油组合物包括20-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,优选50-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,更优选70-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,而每日剂量则在4-100毫克/公斤体重的范围。
在本发明的另一个实施例中,上述药物组合物中还含有5-20%重量百分比的SDA。
而在另一个实施例中,本发明提供另一种方法,其中药物组合物包含3-15%重量百分比的EPA和2-10%重量百分比的DHA。
而在另一实施例中,本发明涉及的另一方法,其中所提供的药物组合物含有20-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,优选70-100%重量百分比的蜡酯,以及5-20%重量百分比的SDA,3-15%重量百分比的EPA,以及2-10%重量百分比的DHA。
在本发明的另一实施例中,提供了一方法,其中被给予的药物组合物包含脂肪醇和作为与脂肪醇成单酯的SDA、DHA、以及EPA。
在本发明的又一实施例中,本发明还提供一种方法,其中的药物组合物包含1000-4000ppm的主要以酯化形式存在的变胞藻黄素。以下的实验和例子将展示和说明这项发明,但这些展示和说明并不因此限制本发明。
实施例
实验
任何一类药物或食物成分在抗心血管疾病中的作用的研究,其最可靠的终点分析均为疾病的实际发生,如动脉粥样斑块的形成。对于评价新的抗心血管疾病的药物的生效方式来说,其对血液中各项指示心血管疾病的发生和发展的风险的参数的影响,当然具有很重要的意义,不过将这些血液分析和其对于疾病的实际发生的效果数据联系起来评价更为理想。这是这项发明所依赖的研究的理论基础。
本发明中桡足类动物的生物学效应在缺乏载脂蛋白E(ApoE)的小鼠实验上得到体现。这类小鼠常规用于测试食物成分在动脉炎和粥样斑块形成中的作用的实验,因为其动脉硬化的发展模式和人类非常类似,它们是非常有用的实验动物,用于研究动脉粥样硬化血栓性疾病的起始、进展、衰退中的生化和细胞学过程。本实验在挪威的特罗姆瑟医科大学中进行。3组10只7周大的雌性小鼠,分别以3种饲料喂养13周。
这些小鼠分别自由地喂养高脂肪(21%w/w)和高胆固醇(0.2%w/w)饲料,其富含高生物利用率的碳水化合物(糖/糊精)和高比例的饱和脂肪(sniff Spezialdiaten Gmbh,sniff EF Clinton/Cybulsky(II)mod)。这类饲料能促进肥胖和动脉硬化。在这个饲料的基础上,添加1%(w/w)本发明的桡足类动物油(饲料1)或者0.1223%(w/w)的EPA/DHA浓缩物(饲料2),这样得到两种含有相同浓度的EPA和DHA的实验饲料。考虑到基础饲料和桡足类动物油中的胆固醇含量,获得的这两种实验饲料和不含添加油的对照饲料(饲料3)中的胆固醇含量均被以加入额外的胆固醇的方法调制成0.20%。这三种饲料的成分在表4被详细列举。
桡足类动物油是由Calanus AS(Norway,www.calanus.no)提供的实验产品。作为对比的浓缩EPA/DHA用的是由PronovaBiopharma ASA(Pronova Biopharma ASA,P.O.Box 420,NO-1327Lysaker,Norway)生产的低脂药物Omacor,根据生产商(www.pronova.com)提供的信息,该药物是利用海洋鱼油生产的的,含90%的ω-3酸乙基酯,其包含EPA(460mg/g)以及DHA(380mg/g)。
实验小鼠每天都被检视,且在间隔固定时间段称重。在不同的时间点抽取血清标本用于测试血液中不同指标参数,包括脂质和脂肪酸。实验小鼠最终都被处死,并按照标准程序解剖,各器官称重。解剖后的小鼠,其主动脉被分离,清洗和纵向切开,钉于纸板上,在10%的福尔马林液中浸泡固定至少24小时。主动脉标本在测试前均由油红(Sigma)染色。清洗后,主动脉固定于显微镜玻片上,用配备了GEOSCAN ENABLER(Meyer Instruments,Houston,Texas,USA)的SPRINGTSCAN(Polaroid,Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA)的扫描出图像像素为2700dpi的图片。该图的阳性区域被利用最新的刻度和图像分析方法来分析。每组中所有的损伤区域都被计算机辅助的形态学定量方法进行定量分析(见Guevara等,The absence of P53 acceleratesatherosclerosis by increasing cell proliferation in vivo,Nature Medicine1999,5:335-339)。
生物学效应
i)动脉硬化症
实验发现,本发明的桡足类动物油具有与其包含的EPA和DHA浓度相同的浓缩EPA和DHA完全不同的生物学活性。考虑到本领域技术人员的广泛接受的共识:海洋鱼油的对健康的益处和只与它的EPA和DHA含量相关,这是非常让人意外的发现。
结果可见表5和图1-3。
本发明的桡足类动物油和EPA/DHA浓缩物在雌性小鼠动脉粥样斑块形成的作用可见表5。与对照组相比,本发明的桡足类动物油无论在减少主动脉弓(P=0.002)和主动脉整体(P=0.001)的粥样斑块形成方面的作用都有令人惊讶的具有统计学上显著意义的效果。虽然EPA/DHA浓缩物相比对照组在减少动脉中斑块形成也有效果,但其效果并未达到统计学显著的程度。
表5.桡足类动物油制备物和EPA/DHA浓缩物在雌性小鼠主动脉弓上升段,主动脉胸段,腹段和肾周段中对动脉粥样斑块形成1的作用:
1.数字代表处死动物时每一目标区段含斑块区占主动脉总面积的百分比。主动脉目标区域(A-D)如图1中所示。
小鼠的成长曲线见图2。虽然喂养含有桡足类动物油的饲料的小鼠成长得更快更好,但未达到统计学差异。三组实验鼠对不同的喂养饲料的摄入未见明显差异,没有明显不良影响可在喂食实验饲料的动物组观察到。
不同器官的重量见图3。虽然喂养桡足类动物油的小鼠身上的白色脂肪组织有比较高的脂肪沉积,但该区别亦不具有统计学上的显著意义。但这是个值得注意的现象,提示桡足类动物油可以使大量的脂肪沉积于脂肪组织,从而避免和降低动脉斑块形成的机会。
ii)血胆固醇水平
桡足类动物油与其包含的EPA/DHA的浓度相当的纯EPA/DHA相比,有显著的抗动脉粥样硬化效果。其作用机制可能以EPA/DHA为基础,也可能完全不同。
表6结果显示,在实验动物身上提示,哲水蚤提取油相比EPA和DHA对实验动物的血液胆固醇水平的调节也不一致。实验动物喂养EPA/DHA饲料13周后和对照组小鼠相比血液胆固醇水平是相同的,而喂养哲水蚤提取油的小鼠的血胆固醇水平则明显低于其它组。相比对照组,前两组小鼠的血甘油三酯有相似的轻微的降低。
表6.饲料添加剂对喂养13周的缺乏载脂蛋白E(ApoE-deficient)的雌性小鼠的动物体重、摄食和血脂的影响(均值±SEM):
Claims (16)
1.包含20-100%重量百分比的蜡酯、优选包含70-100%重量百分比的蜡酯的生物油组合物,其用作预防或治疗心血管疾病的药物。
2.权利要求1中的生物油组合物,其用作预防或治疗动脉粥样硬化的药物。
3.权利要求1中的生物油组合物,其用作预防或治疗高胆固醇血症的药物。
4.权利要求1中的生物油组合物,其用作预防或治疗高血液胆固醇水平的药物。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的生物油组合物,其中所述组合物包含5-20%重量百分比的十八碳四烯酸(SDA)。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的生物油组合物,其中所述组合物包含3-15%重量百分比的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和2-10%重量百分比的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的生物油组合物,其中所述组合物包含脂肪醇和作为与脂肪醇成单酯的十八碳四烯酸,二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项的生物油组合物,其中所述组合物包含1000-4000ppm的变胞藻黄素。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项的生物油组合物,其中所述组合物分离自桡足类动物。
10.权利要求9中的生物油组合物,其中所述桡足类动物属于哲水蚤(Calanus)属。
11.权利要求10中的生物油组合物,其中所述桡足类动物为飞马哲水蚤(Calanus finmarchicus)。
12.食品增补剂制剂,其包含权利要求1-11中任一项的生物油组合物。
13.功能性食品制剂,其包含权利要求1-11中任一项的生物油组合物。
14.药物制剂,其包含权利要求1-11中任一项的生物油组合物。
15.权利要求12或14中的制剂,其以胶囊、片剂、乳液或补剂的形式被提供。
16.权利要求15中的制剂,其包含一种或多种药学上可接受的添加剂,所述添加剂选自佐剂、抗氧化剂、乳化剂、表面活性剂和载体。
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IT201700054543A1 (it) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-19 | Gleaner Srls | Preparato come fonte di Omega-3 |
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