CN1022715C - 中压断路器 - Google Patents

中压断路器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1022715C
CN1022715C CN90106934.5A CN90106934A CN1022715C CN 1022715 C CN1022715 C CN 1022715C CN 90106934 A CN90106934 A CN 90106934A CN 1022715 C CN1022715 C CN 1022715C
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contact
circuit breaker
moving
fixed
terminal
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN90106934.5A
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CN1049425A (zh
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米歇尔·皮尔特
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Alstom Holdings SA
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GEC Alsthom SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00Contacts
    • H01H1/12Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365Bridging contacts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6661Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

中压断路器包括充有良好绝缘特性气体的绝缘外壳,还包括:接到第一电流端子的第一触头和接到第二电流端子的第二触头;与第一电流端子电气连接的静弧触头和固定在与驱动元件机械连接的连杆上的可动弧触头;工作动触头固定到动弧触头上,当断路器在合闸位置时,该动触头使第一和第二触头导通;其特征为断路器的工作动触头是一短管状部件;第一和第二触头分别布置成两个圆弧。

Description

本发明涉及一种中等电压的断路器,它用一种介电性能良好的气体,如六氟化硫SF6,作电气绝缘。
本发明尤其涉及到流过大电流(数千安培)的断路器。此型断路器在发电厂交流发电机出线处和升压变压器上游侧可以看到。
在这种型式的断路器中,流过工作电流的工作动触头一般都是质量较大的一只铜管,当断开电路时,该铜管与弧触头一起高速动作。产生该动作所需的驱动能量是很大的。这是因为驱动能的大小和运动部件的质量与部件运动速度平方的乘积成正比的缘故。由于较大的驱动能不利于降低控制该断路器装置的成本,因此,所有的制造厂家都力图减少该能量。
本发明的第一个目的就是要提供一种减小运动部件质量的断路器,从而相应地减少了完成断路操作所需的驱动能。
在已知的断路器中,工作电流都要经过一些滑动触头,而这些触头必须精细制造,这就不能不对设备的成本产生影响。
本发明的另一个目的就是要提供一种工作电流不流过滑动触头的断路器,从而降低设备成本。
本发明提供一种中压断路器,它有一个绝缘材料制造的外壳,其内充以良好介电性能的气体,此外还包括下述部件:
连接到第一电流端子上的第一触头和连接到第二电流端子上的第二触头;
一个与第一电流端子有电气连接的固定弧触头和一个固定在连杆上的可动弧触头,该连杆与驱动部件机械地连接;
一个与可动弧触头固定在一起的可动工作触头,当断路器处于合闸位置时,这个可动工作触头将所述第一和第二触头导通。
这个电路的特征在于,所述工作动触头是一个短管状部件,而第一与第二触头分别安装在两个圆弧上。
第一与第二触头所占据的圆弧长度以120°左右为好。
最好用一条金属编织带把工作动触头连接到所述第二端子上。
本发明的第一实施例包括一个压气活塞和一个气缸,它们可把气体喷到灭弧区。
在改型设计中,固定弧触头和可动弧触头都是真空管的一部份,前者与第一端子连接;后者与工作动触头连接。
从下述参照附图对该设备所做的描述可以很好地理解本发明。附图为:
图1是本发明第一实施例的一台中压断路器轴向立剖面图,表示的是合闸位置;电弧已被喷气熄;
图2是在图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ视入的横断面图,略去了喷气嘴;
图3同一个断路器处于断开位置时的轴向立剖面图;
图4是本发明改型设计的轴向立剖面图,在这个设备中借助真空管灭弧。
在图1-3中,标号1指的是有底板(1A)的圆柱形密封绝缘外壳,其内充有良好介电性能的气体,如六氟化硫(SF6),压力为1巴或更高。
第一电流端子2与被保护电路的上游连接,并经过密封环3构成的密封穿入外壳1。端子2向外壳内延伸,先是形成有若干触指4的环,再形成触头5;触头5安装在外壳的几何轴线6上。触指4安装在外壳内壁附近,平行于轴线6,在垂直于轴线6的平面上占据一个大约120°的圆弧a。
如何精确地确定上述圆弧长度的上限,将在下面解释。触头5是一只金属杆,其末端5A用能承受电弧作用的合金制造,比如钨基合金。
第二端子10与被保护的电路的下游连接,它经过密封环11形成的密封穿过外壳1;在外壳1的内部它延伸形成一个圆柱部分12,其上载有若干触指13;在垂直于轴线6的平面上这些触指呈圆弧a′布置;这样,触指13恰与触指4相对称。安装触指13的圆弧a′与安装有触指4的圆弧a长度相同;如何确定这个长度的上限,后面将给以解释。
断路器的固定部件还包括一个由绝缘材料制成的喷气缸14,它与外壳布置成其轴线6,并且由连接件15固定在外壳壁上;气缸底部16上设有一个开孔,运动部件上的一部分即由此处穿过。
运动部件包括一个金属管20,它与穿过上述气缸底部16的孔啮合,并以其第一端固定在绝缘材料制成的驱动连杆21的上端。连杆21与曲柄22铰接;该曲柄由穿过外壳壁1并由与壳外的驱动装置(未表示)连接的轴23转动。
金属管20的第二端载有一圈触指25,它们构成可动的弧触头且与固定的弧触头5相配合。
金属管20上还载有压气活塞26,其上设有较准的开孔27;活塞可在气缸14内滑动。
活塞26上固定着喷气嘴28,它由聚四氟乙烯(商业名称:特夫隆(Teflon))一类的绝缘材料制成。
工作动触头由一个钢管30构成,铜管的直径恰好使它可以和触指4以及触指13相配合(当断路器处于合闸位置时;见图1和图2)。铜管30借助于几条金属臂31固定在金属管20上;一条金属编织带32把一条金属臂31之一连接到下游端子10-12。
该断路器的操作如下:
在合闸状态,电流从上游端子2经触指4、铜管30和触指13流向下游端子10。
断开断路器的指令导致轴23转动,通过曲柄22和连杆21,这个转动被转换成金属管20向图1下部的移动,于是工作动触头30和触指4、触指13脱开;此时电流转由导电杆5和触指25流过。当金属管20继续向下运动,触指25与导电杆5脱离并且引起电弧40(见图3)。与此同时,气缸14内的气体被压缩,通过开孔27逸出,并经过喷嘴28吹向电弧并在电流出现第一次过零值时将弧熄灭。
由于铜管30的长度很短,所以运动部件很轻,在其它条件都相同的条件下,它只需要较少的驱动能。还可以看到,工作电流只通过一套触头,该设备的设计使它有可能取消任何滑动触头。
圆弧a和a′的角度范围应选择得能保证断路器处于断开状态时具有足够的电压特性。因此在端头触指4与最靠近的端头触指13 (图2)之间必须保持最小的绝缘距离l;同样,在处于下游端子电位的活塞26或铜管30与处于上游端子电位的触指4之间也必须保证最小的绝缘距离。熟悉本技术领域的人员懂得如何计算这些距离,具体讲它是断路器的额定电压,外壳的内径、和所用的绝缘气体的介电强度的函数,
金属编织带32只用在断路操作时、即当铜管30已经和触指4、触指13脱开的时候才起导流作用。此时,电流经过部件5A、25、20、31和金属编织带32流向端子10。
在改型设计中,可以用真空管代替压气活塞和气缸。图4示出一个与图1-3给出的相似的断路器,其中气缸14、活塞26、金属管20、触头5A和25以及喷嘴28全被真空管50代替,管50还包括:
一个绝缘外壳51;
一个与触指53连接的金属盖52,触指53和杆5相配合;
一个装在真空管内的固定触头54;
一个连接到真空管外面的驱动连杆21上的动触头55;和
密封皮腔(bellows)56和57。
这种改型的断路器的动作与前面介绍的断路器完全相似并且具有同样的优点。
本发明用于制造额定电压不高于45千伏的断路器,尤其用于制造电站用的断路器。
本发明也可以用于制造以空气或较高绝缘强度气体作绝缘的低压断路器。

Claims (3)

1、一种中压断路器包括一个外壳(1);由绝缘材料制造,其内充有良介电性能的气体,该断路器包括:
连接到第一电流端子(2)的第一固定触头(4)和连接到第二电流端子(10)的第二固定触头(13);
电气上连接到所述第一电流端子上的一个固定弧触头(5,54),和固定到与驱动部件机械相接的连杆(21)上的可动弧触头(25,55);以及
一个工作动触头(30),它固装在可动的弧触头上,当断路器处于合闸位置时,动触头(30)在所述第一与第二触头(4,13)之间提供电气导通。
该电路的特征在于,所述工作动触头(30)是一个短管状部件,所述第一和第二固定触头分别限定两个圆弧,并与所述的短管状部件的外表面相连;
第一和第二触头(4,13)所占据的圆弧的角度范围(a,a′)约为120°;
所述工作动触头借助一条金属编织带(32)连接到所述第二端子(10)上。
2、如权利要求1所述的断路器,其特征为,它包括有压气活塞(26)和气缸(20),用以引导气体喷到电弧区。
3、如权利要求1、2中任一项所述的断路器,其特征为,固定弧触头(54)和可动弧触头(55)构成真空管的各部分,触头(54)和第一端子连接,触头(55)与工作动触头(30)连接。
CN90106934.5A 1989-08-09 1990-08-09 中压断路器 Expired - Fee Related CN1022715C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8910726 1989-08-09
FR8910726A FR2650911B1 (fr) 1989-08-09 1989-08-09 Disjoncteur a moyenne tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1049425A CN1049425A (zh) 1991-02-20
CN1022715C true CN1022715C (zh) 1993-11-10

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CN90106934.5A Expired - Fee Related CN1022715C (zh) 1989-08-09 1990-08-09 中压断路器

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US (1) US5151565A (zh)
EP (1) EP0412479B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2568303B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN1022715C (zh)
AT (1) ATE114867T1 (zh)
BR (1) BR9003867A (zh)
CA (1) CA2023033C (zh)
DE (1) DE69014473T2 (zh)
DK (1) DK0412479T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2067603T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR2650911B1 (zh)
GR (1) GR3015152T3 (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101226844B (zh) * 2006-11-10 2011-06-29 维益T&D有限责任公司 用于中压或高压配电柜的三极装置和包括此三极装置的相关配电柜

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DE69014473D1 (de) 1995-01-12
GR3015152T3 (en) 1995-05-31
DE69014473T2 (de) 1995-04-20
ATE114867T1 (de) 1994-12-15
JP2568303B2 (ja) 1997-01-08
FR2650911B1 (fr) 1991-10-04
DK0412479T3 (da) 1995-02-27
CA2023033C (fr) 1994-02-08
CA2023033A1 (fr) 1991-02-10
BR9003867A (pt) 1991-09-03
FR2650911A1 (fr) 1991-02-15
US5151565A (en) 1992-09-29
EP0412479B1 (fr) 1994-11-30
JPH0377227A (ja) 1991-04-02
CN1049425A (zh) 1991-02-20
EP0412479A1 (fr) 1991-02-13
ES2067603T3 (es) 1995-04-01

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