The preparation method of synergy water soluble fertilizer
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer field, particularly a kind of preparation method that can promote the synergy water soluble fertilizer that plant nutrition absorbs.
Background technology
Rationally economic fertilization is that crop yield increases one of important measures of matter.In recent years, the relevant expert points out that the usage quantity of China's chemical fertilizer is considerably beyond the international average level, amount of application is an example with nitrogenous fertilizer now, has been 3 times of the U.S., it is French 1.5 times, be German 1.6 times, in this case, strengthen the nitrogenous fertilizer usage quantity again, just bring two problems, one is that marginal contribution is successively decreased and deterioration in quality.Measure according to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences whole nation chemical fertilizer net: nineteen fifty-two-2002 year, the chemical fertilizer return rate of China dropped to 1: 1 by 1: 33, annually also descended with 0.34% speed, and the contradiction of using the chemical fertilizer volume increase but not increase income is more and more outstanding.Another is that excessive fertilization causes serious environmental to pollute.The pollution of rivers,lakes and seas now is over half from agricultural, rather than comes from industry, and wherein the polluted by nitrogen in the river 70% derives from chemical fertilizer.Therefore, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce loss of chemical fertilizer, become the heat subject of domestic and international concern.
Water soluble fertilizer (Water Soluble Fertilizer, be called for short WSF), be a kind of can water-soluble fully polyelement composite fertilizer, it can promptly be dissolved in the water, absorbed by crop easilier, and its absorption rate is higher relatively, more crucial is that it can be applied to spray industrialized agricultures such as drip irrigation, realization liquid manure is integrated, reaches the usefulness that water-saving is economized fertile saving of labor.Generally speaking, water soluble fertilizer can contain the needed whole nutritive elements of plant growth, as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and trace element etc.So, people can come component design according to the needed nutritional needs characteristics of plant growth fully, scientific formula can not cause the waste of fertilizer, make that its utilization rate of fertilizer almost is 2-3 times (in China, the utilization rate of fertilizer of common composite fertilizer only is 30%-40%) of conventional composite chemical fertilizer.Along with intensification, the large-scale development of Chinese agriculture, the further scarcity of water resources has had increasing government department, experts and scholars, technology popularization, agriculture practitioner to recognize the importance of water soluble fertilizer and water soluble fertilizer industry.Water soluble fertilizer is to meet environmental protection more, the fertilizer of new generation of Sustainable development more, also be Chinese fertilizer industry and industry future give priority to problem and project.
The commercially available water soluble fertilizer by national standard or company standard preparation according to the physical properties difference, can be divided into solid state water soluble fertilizer and liquid water soluble fertilizer.
Water soluble fertilizer has very high requirement as a kind of polyelement composite fertilizer soluble in water to raw-material molten water-based.In addition, the shortcoming that present water soluble fertilizer exists is when using in spray, drip irrigation system, under the harder situation of water quality, pipeline scaling and corrosion takes place easily, and these shortcomings have restricted applying of water soluble fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide the preparation method of the synergy water soluble fertilizer that promotes that plant nutrition absorbs.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The preparation method of synergy water soluble fertilizer is: add poly aspartic acid or its salt in the common water soluble fertilizer of producing by national standard or company standard, described poly aspartic acid or its salt quality percentage composition in the synergy water soluble fertilizer is 0.05~40.0%, and the molecular weight of poly aspartic acid or its salt is 2500~10000 dalton; Polyaspartic acid salts is wherein a kind of or its mixing salt of sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt, zinc salt, magnesium salts, calcium salt of poly aspartic acid; Be that the aqueous solution with poly aspartic acid or its salt joins in the common water soluble fertilizer of liquid under stirring condition and mixes during preparation liquid synergy water soluble fertilizer; Be that the aqueous solution with poly aspartic acid or its salt utilizes the spraying drying mode to make powder during preparation solid synergy water soluble fertilizer, again with the common water soluble fertilizer mixing of solid.
Improvement of the present invention is: described poly aspartic acid or its salt quality percentage composition in the synergy water soluble fertilizer is 0.12~0.16%.
The preparation method of solid synergy water soluble fertilizer of the present invention is:
A, air that will be after air filter filters are sent into well heater by fan and are heated, and the air after the heating feeds spray-dryer spray-dryer is carried out preheating, and the inlet temperature of spray-dryer is 240~260 ℃, and air outlet temperature is 110~130 ℃;
B, with the aqueous solution of poly aspartic acid or its salt by charging pump, with the flow velocity of 1400~1600kg/h, in the spray-dryer after after the atomizing of high speed spraying gun, pumping into preheating;
C, the poly aspartic acid of collecting spray-dryer discharge port place or the powder of its salt;
D, carry part poly aspartic acid or its salt powder warm air through with cyclonic separator gas solid separation that the spray-dryer air outlet is connected after enter the two-stage dust removal installation and discharge, collect the powder of poly aspartic acid or its salt once more at cyclonic separator discharge port place;
E, the poly aspartic acid that above-mentioned C, D place are collected or the powder mixes of its salt, the powder water ratio of gained poly aspartic acid or its salt is 5.0~10.0%;
F, the powder and the common water soluble fertilizer of solid of poly aspartic acid or its salt mixed.
Because the technical progress of having adopted technique scheme, the present invention to obtain is:
In common water soluble fertilizer, add poly aspartic acid or its salt, can promote farm crop to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements absorbed in the soil, when making increasing crop yield, can strengthen the anti-adversity ability of farm crop, improve the quality of farm crop, the structure of improving the soil.The molecular weight of poly aspartic acid of the present invention or its salt can improve the water soluble fertilizer utilization ratio between 2500~10000 dalton, reduce the usage quantity of fertilizer, avoids the heavy dressing pollution on the environment, and can save agriculture production cost.
The quality percentage composition of poly aspartic acid or its salt is 0.05~40.0% in the synergy water soluble fertilizer of the present invention, be preferably 0.12~0.16%, can play solubilization effect to inorganic salt in the aqueous solution and trace element, thereby can reduce the content of insolubles in the water soluble fertilizer, avoid the line clogging of spray, drip irrigation system in the use, further strengthened the result of use of water soluble fertilizer.Adopt poly aspartic acid or its salt of aforementioned proportion, can play good scale inhibitor effect, in spray, drip irrigation system, be used the fouling that to avoid pipeline, reduce fertilizer simultaneously corrosion of pipe with water soluble fertilizer.
Synergy water soluble fertilizer of the present invention is divided into two kinds of liquid and solids, and liquid product adopts the aqueous solution of poly aspartic acid or its salt directly to add in the aqueous solution of water soluble fertilizer by the proportioning of optimizing, and has simplified the drying step of fertilizer, and is easy to use; Solid phase prod adopts the spray-dried particle that is prepared into of the aqueous solution of poly aspartic acid or its salt, mixes with commercially available granular water soluble fertilizer again.Spray-dired technology can guarantee that the particle of poly aspartic acid or its salt has good water-solubility, thereby make it with after water soluble fertilizer mixes, the enhanced fertilizer that is prepared from has good water-solubility, meets in the national standard requirement about the water soluble fertilizer solubility property.
The present invention adopts aspartic acid polymerization or the prepared poly aspartic acid of further hydrolysis or the aqueous solution of its salt, this processing method is directly utilized the hydrolysate of reaction, omitted the general drying process of product, that can avoid poly aspartic acid or its salt produces insolubles in general drying process, influence the water-soluble of the finished product, and can save energy.
Drying process with atomizing adopts the flow velocity of 1400~1600kg/h, 240~260 ℃ inlet temperature, 110~130 ℃ air outlet temperature, adopting the quality percentage composition is the aqueous solution of 30~60% poly aspartic acids or its salt, the poly aspartic acid that obtains or the powder of its salt, water ratio is 5.0~10.0%, has good consistency with commercially available common water soluble fertilizer; If water content is higher than at 10% o'clock, cause mixed product generation deliquescence easily, water content is lower than at 5% o'clock, causes mixing back product fine powder too much easily, influences the outward appearance and the homogeneity of product.Adopt the poly aspartic acid of method for preparing or the drying products of its salt, the powder size uniform and smooth has good dispersiveness and water-soluble, after common water soluble fertilizer mixes, meets national standard about the deliquescent regulation of water soluble fertilizer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of drying process with atomizing process of the present invention,
Wherein: 1, fan, 2, well heater, 3, charging pump, 4, the high speed spraying gun, 5, spray-dryer, 6, cyclonic separator, 7, the two-stage dust removal installation, 8, storage tank, 9, air filter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details:
The water solution preparation method of poly aspartic acid or its salt is as follows: by L-aspartic acid and D, the polymerization of L-aspartic acid obtains poly aspartic acid, again the further hydrolysis of above-mentioned poly aspartic acid is obtained the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts, its hydrolysate is sodium salt, sylvite, ammonium salt, zinc salt, the magnesium salts of poly aspartic acid, the wherein one or more kinds of mixtures of calcium salt, and the molecular weight of polyaspartic acid salts is between 2500~10000 dalton.
Embodiment 1
Commercially available common water soluble fertilizer is mixed with the aqueous solution, get poly aspartic acid according to the preceding method preparation, be mixed with the quality percentage composition and be 38% the aqueous solution, the aqueous solution of poly aspartic acid and liquid common water soluble fertilizer are joined in the stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of poly aspartic acid in synergy water soluble fertilizer solution is 0.12%, fully stir, treat that raw material dissolves fully and mixes after, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 2
Commercially available common water soluble fertilizer is mixed with the aqueous solution, get quality percentage composition according to preceding method preparation and be the aqueous solution of 30% polyaspartic acid salts, the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts and liquid common water soluble fertilizer are joined in the stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in synergy water soluble fertilizer solution is 40%, fully stir, after treating that raw material dissolves fully and mixes, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 3
Commercially available common water soluble fertilizer is mixed with the aqueous solution, get quality percentage composition according to preceding method preparation and be the aqueous solution of 60% polyaspartic acid salts, the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts and liquid common water soluble fertilizer are joined in the stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in synergy water soluble fertilizer solution is 0.05%, fully stir, after treating that raw material dissolves fully and mixes, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 4
Commercially available common water soluble fertilizer is mixed with the aqueous solution, get quality percentage composition according to preceding method preparation and be the aqueous solution of 43% polyaspartic acid salts, the aqueous solution and the common water soluble fertilizer of polyaspartic acid salts are joined in the stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in synergy water soluble fertilizer solution is 0.16%, fully stir, after treating that raw material dissolves fully and mixes, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 5
Commercially available common water soluble fertilizer is mixed with the aqueous solution, get quality percentage composition according to preceding method preparation and be the aqueous solution of 38% polyaspartic acid salts, the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts and liquid common water soluble fertilizer are joined in the stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in synergy water soluble fertilizer solution is 0.15%, fully stir, after treating that raw material dissolves fully and mixes, the packing warehouse-in.
Embodiment 6
The drying process with atomizing process of the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts is: air that will be after air filter filters, send into the well heater that adopts coal furnace to heat by fan and heat, the air after the heating feeds spray-dryer spray-dryer is carried out preheating; The inlet temperature of setting spray-dryer is 240 ℃, air outlet temperature is 118 ℃, after treating temperature-stable, get the quality percentage composition that is stored in advance in the feed liquid storage tank and be the aqueous solution of 45% polyaspartic acid salts according to preceding method preparation, with the aqueous solution of this polyaspartic acid salts by the flow velocity of charging pump with 1450kg/h, in the spray-dryer after the high speed spraying gun pumps into above-mentioned preheating, be dried to powder by the drop after the atomizing of high speed spraying gun in spray-dryer, the discharge port of the spray-dried device of gained part powder bottom is collected; Remaining warm air, another part powder and dust carry out gas solid separation through the air outlet feeding cyclonic separator of spray-dryer sidewall, collect the pressed powder of separating obtained polyaspartic acid salts once more, separating obtained gas and remaining dust feeding separator are carried out dedusting, gas after the dedusting is sent into wet cleaner by induced draft fan, carries out discharging after the further dust removal process.The pressed powder that sprays the polyaspartic acid salts of collecting in moisture eliminator and cyclonic separator place is mixed, measure the water ratio of this powder, water ratio is 7.2%.
Above-mentioned the powder spray-dried and polyaspartic acid salts that cyclonic separator is collected is mixed in stirred pot with the common water soluble fertilizer of solid state, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in the synergy water soluble fertilizer is 0.13%, churning time is 20 minutes, packing warehouse-in behind the mixing.
Embodiment 7
The drying process with atomizing process of the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts is: air that will be after air filter filters, send into the well heater that adopts coal furnace to heat by fan and heat, the air after the heating feeds spray-dryer spray-dryer is carried out preheating; The inlet temperature of setting spray-dryer is 255 ℃, air outlet temperature is 110 ℃, after treating temperature-stable, get the quality percentage composition that is stored in advance in the feed liquid storage tank and be the aqueous solution of 40% polyaspartic acid salts according to preceding method preparation, with the aqueous solution of this polyaspartic acid salts by the flow velocity of charging pump with 1600kg/h, in the spray-dryer after the high speed spraying gun pumps into above-mentioned preheating, be dried to powder by the drop after the atomizing of high speed spraying gun in spray-dryer, the discharge port of the spray-dried device of gained part powder bottom is collected; Remaining warm air, another part powder and dust carry out gas solid separation through the air outlet feeding cyclonic separator of spray-dryer sidewall, collect the pressed powder of separating obtained polyaspartic acid salts once more, separating obtained gas and remaining dust feeding separator are carried out dedusting, gas after the dedusting is sent into wet cleaner by induced draft fan, carries out discharging after the further dust removal process.The pressed powder that sprays the polyaspartic acid salts of collecting in moisture eliminator and cyclonic separator place is mixed, measure the water ratio of this powder, water ratio is 9.5%.
Above-mentioned the powder spray-dried and polyaspartic acid salts that cyclonic separator is collected is mixed in stirred pot with the common water soluble fertilizer of solid state, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in the synergy water soluble fertilizer is 0.14%, churning time is 30 minutes, packing warehouse-in behind the mixing.
Embodiment 8
The drying process with atomizing process of the aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid salts is: air that will be after air filter filters, send into the well heater that adopts coal furnace to heat by fan and heat, the air after the heating feeds spray-dryer spray-dryer is carried out preheating; The inlet temperature of setting spray-dryer is 260 ℃, air outlet temperature is 130 ℃, after treating temperature-stable, get the quality percentage composition that is stored in advance in the feed liquid storage tank and be the aqueous solution of 50% polyaspartic acid salts according to preceding method preparation, with the aqueous solution of this polyaspartic acid salts by the flow velocity of charging pump with 1400kg/h, in the spray-dryer after the high speed spraying gun pumps into above-mentioned preheating, be dried to powder by the drop after the atomizing of high speed spraying gun in spray-dryer, the discharge port of the spray-dried device of gained part powder bottom is collected; Remaining warm air, another part powder and dust carry out gas solid separation through the air outlet feeding cyclonic separator of spray-dryer sidewall, collect the pressed powder of separating obtained polyaspartic acid salts once more, separating obtained gas and remaining dust feeding separator are carried out dedusting, gas after the dedusting is sent into wet cleaner by induced draft fan, carries out discharging after the further dust removal process.The pressed powder that sprays the polyaspartic acid salts of collecting in moisture eliminator and cyclonic separator place is mixed, measure the water ratio of this powder, water ratio is 5%.
The powder of the polyaspartic acid salts that above-mentioned spray-dried and cyclonic separator is collected and the common water soluble fertilizer of solid state mix in stirred pot, making the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts in the synergy water soluble fertilizer is 0.15%, churning time is 28 minutes, packing warehouse-in behind the mixing.
Embodiment 9
The preparation process of synergy water soluble fertilizer is: the aqueous solution of getting the quality percentage composition according to preceding method preparation that is stored in advance in the feed liquid storage tank and be 40% polyaspartic acid salts, the aqueous solution and the common water soluble fertilizer of liquid of polyaspartic acid salts are joined in the stirred pot, stir 30min, obtain the mixing solutions of polyaspartic acid salts and the common water soluble fertilizer of liquid.
Air after air filter filters is sent into the well heater that adopts coal furnace to heat by fan and is heated, and the air after the heating feeds spray-dryer spray-dryer is carried out preheating; The inlet temperature of setting spray-dryer is 260 ℃, air outlet temperature is 130 ℃, after treating temperature-stable, to mix the polyaspartic acid salts that obtains and the mixing solutions of common water soluble fertilizer through aforesaid method, by the flow velocity of charging pump with 1500kg/h, in the spray-dryer after the high speed spraying gun pumps into above-mentioned preheating, be dried to powder by the drop after the atomizing of high speed spraying gun in spray-dryer, the discharge port of the spray-dried device of gained part powder bottom is collected; Remaining warm air, another part powder and dust carry out gas solid separation through the air outlet feeding cyclonic separator of spray-dryer sidewall, collect separating obtained pressed powder once more, separating obtained gas and remaining dust feeding separator are carried out dedusting, gas after the dedusting is sent into wet cleaner by induced draft fan, carries out discharging after the further dust removal process.
With above-mentioned spray-dried powder mixes of collecting with the cyclonic separator place, obtain containing pulverous synergy water soluble fertilizer of polyaspartic acid salts and common water soluble fertilizer, in this synergy water soluble fertilizer, the quality percentage composition of polyaspartic acid salts is 0.15%, and the water ratio of synergy water soluble fertilizer powder is 8.0%.