CN102266916A - High-quality high-yield steel ingot preparing method - Google Patents
High-quality high-yield steel ingot preparing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of a large-scale steel ingot, and in particular relates to a high-quality high-yield steel ingot preparing method. The high-quality high-yield steel ingot preparing method is used for eliminating the internal shrinkage defect of a steel ingot and relieving the bottom negative segregation, is related to a casting process of 10-700 tons all-level metal mould large-scale steel ingots, is applied to the casting process of carbon steel and alloy steel ingots under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions, and has a function of promoting the quality and yield of various black alloy material steel ingots. The method comprises the following steps: adopting an independent split heat-preservation feeder head and a feeder head split design process for preparing the steel ingot; adopting a feeder head heat-preservation design process, wherein the conical degree of the feeder head is 3-30%; before pouring molten steel, preheating a feeder head box to 500-1000 DEG C; and placing a 1-10mm thick heat-preservation material between the feeder head box and a steel ingot mould at the moment of assembling a mould. According to the high-quality high-yield steel ingot preparing method, a steel ingot heat-preservation feeder head system is designed, the heat-preservation effect of the feeder head is promoted, the heat loss between the feeder head box and the mould is reduced, the weight of the feeder head is reduced, the yield of the steel ingot is increased, the internal quality of the steel ingot is greatly promoted and the inhibiting effect on the segregation of the steel ingot is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the large-scale steel ingot field, be specially a kind of high-quality, high yield steel ingot preparation method, just a kind of method of eliminating steel ingot internal shrinkage defective and alleviating the bottom negative segregation, the casting process that relates to all rank metal pattern large-scale steel ingots of 10-700 ton, be applied to the casting process of carbon steel and alloy steel ingot under vacuum and the non-vacuum condition, the quality and the lumber recovery of various black alloy material steel ingots all had the raising effect.
Background technology
In recent years along with China's power industry, the fast development of nuclear industry and petro chemical industry, increasing to the demand of heavy casting and forging, also the quality requirements to heavy casting and forging is more and more higher simultaneously.Steel ingot is the product in advance of forge piece, and its quality is particularly important to improving the forge piece quality.Large-scale steel ingot is large forgings, steel rolling with the blank of Wide and Thick Slab, various ring-like etc., and preparing large-scale high-quality steel ingot is the prerequisite of obtaining the high-quality large forgings.Crucial forging such as core voltage force container, thermoelectricity senior middle school low pressure rotor, water wheels unit macro-axis, blower fan main shaft and stone roller ring, high ferro axletree, metallurgical roller, crank axle for vessel all need the manufacturing of high-quality steel ingot.China is that first steel ingot is made big country in the world, annual about 1,500 ten thousand tons of the solid steel ingot that needs.Yet the technology of preparing of domestic large-scale steel ingot is backward relatively, causes large forgings quality instability, and the molten steel amount of large-scale steel ingot is big, setting time is long, very easily produces internal flaws such as field trash, gross segregation and secondary pipe.The large-scale steel ingot internal flaw is difficult to eliminate by forging method, causes large forgings quality instability, even causes that large forgings directly scraps.Therefore, improving the riser head heat-preserving effect by the riser head heat-preserving design is to improve the most effective way of steel ingot internal soundness.
The internal soundness problem of large-scale steel ingot is researcher and business circles concern extremely.Obtain good progress though form aspects such as mechanism and the loose prediction of shrinkage cavity in shrinkage cavity, as utilize computer modeling technique prediction shrinkage cavity loose etc., but make slow progress aspect the loose even segregation control measure in shrinkage cavity, especially the preparation internal soundness for large-scale steel ingot is difficult to guarantee especially, cause factory to continue to increase the rising head size of steel ingot, when causing the waste of molten steel, but do not improve the inherent quality of steel ingot.
In decades in the production of large-scale steel ingot, factory takes whole Feeder Design always, the insulation effect of seriously having ignored the rising head root, cause rising head root setting rate fast, cause the inner generation of steel ingot secondary pipe loose, if the heat insulation effect of rising head root is poor, improves riser height merely and still can't improve the heat insulation effect of rising head, thereby cause the steel ingot lumber recovery low, of poor quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-quality, high yield steel ingot preparation method, solve the problem that the present steel ingot internal soundness of factory is poor, lumber recovery is low.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high-quality, high yield steel ingot preparation method mainly comprise:
1) independent split insulated feeder, rising head split designing technique are adopted in the steel ingot preparation;
2) riser head heat-preserving designing technique, rising head tapering are 3～30%;
3) before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case is preheating to 500 ℃-1000 ℃;
When 4) mould assembles, need to place the thick insulation material of 1-10mm between rising head case and the ingot mould;
5) the steel ingot material is carbon steel or steel alloy.
It is independent Feeder Design that steel ingot prepares rising head case mould, separate with ingot body mould, rising head case mould is divided into double-layer structure (rising head upper mold and rising head lower mold) up and down, as shown in Figure 1, the rising head upper mold supports insulation material, the rising head lower mold is insulation material fixedly, and mold materials is grey cast-iron, magnesium iron or cast steel material.
The rising head upper mold is connected by bolt with the rising head lower mold, places the heat-preservation cotton material between rising head upper mold and the rising head lower mold, and as asbestos or aluminium silicate wool, the heat-preservation cotton material thickness is 1-50mm.
The insulated feeder technology is, establishes three-decker in the rising head upper mold, and the skin that contacts with mould is insulation heat-insulating shield or heat-preservation cotton (as: be incubated asbestos board or be incubated high aluminum wool etc.), and thickness is 5-50mm; The intermediate layer is porous thermal insulating material (as: light porous alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton or a light porous high alumina insulating brick etc.), and thickness is 20-80mm; The internal layer that contacts with molten steel is refractory material (as: a lightweight alumina firebrick etc.), and thickness is 50-80mm.
The insulated feeder technology is, settles insulation special-shaped heat preserving refractory material (as alumina firebrick etc.) between rising head lower mold and the molten metal, its structure as shown in Figure 2, thickness is 10-80mm.
Rising head lower mold structure comprises the size of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material, and its internal diameter is than the little 20-120mm of steel ingot ingot body mould.
The special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the flange shape, and an end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the protruding end, and this end extends rising head counterdie inboard, is close to the inwall of rising head counterdie; The other end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the upper surface that is overlapped in the rising head counterdie.
Before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case comprises that inner insulation material integral body is preheating to 500 ℃-1000 ℃;
During the mould assembling, place the thick insulation material of 1-10mm between rising head case and the steel ingot ingot body mould.
Among the present invention, large-scale steel ingot is meant 10～700 tons steel ingot.
Among the present invention, the insulated feeder tapering:
Wherein D is the rising head root diameter (RD), and d is the rising head top diameter, and H is a riser height.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. technological design of the present invention is reasonable, by changing the design of steel ingot rising head case, by the riser head heat-preserving designing technique, improved the riser head heat-preserving effect greatly, improve the utilization rate of molten steel, improved the yield rate of material, eliminated the inner secondary pipe rarefaction defect of steel ingot, internal shrinkage defective and bottom negative segregation to various black alloy material steel ingots all have inhibitory action, thereby improve ingot quality.
2. the present invention's insulated feeder technology reasonable in design, system is simple, safe, workable, and enterprise realizes easily.
3. the present invention's insulated feeder demixing technology reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle, die life is long, and rising head root mould is convenient to change, and reduces die manufacturing cost.
4. the present invention is applicable to the manufacturing of the large-scale steel ingot of various materials.Utilize the present invention to produce large-scale steel ingot and have low segregation, dense structure, characteristics cheaply, be easy to obtain vast research institution and works approval,, improve ingot quality, several hundred million to tens benefit is arranged in case be widely adopted.
In a word, the present invention has designed steel ingot insulated feeder system, has improved the heat insulation effect of rising head greatly, the heat that has reduced between rising head case and the mould scatters and disappears, and has reduced rising head weight, has improved the steel ingot yield rate, improve the steel ingot internal soundness greatly, the segregation of steel ingot is had the good restraining effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is insulated feeder case assembling schematic diagram, among the figure: 1 rising head patrix (rising head upper mold); 2 insulation heat-insulating shields; 3 refractory materials; 4 porous thermal insulating materials; 5 bolts; 6 special-shaped heat preserving refractory materials; 7 heat-preservation cotton materials; 8 rising head counterdies (rising head lower mold).
Fig. 2 is special-shaped heat preserving refractory material figure, among the figure: 6 special-shaped heat preserving refractory materials.
Fig. 3 is rising head case and ingot mould installation diagram, among the figure: 9 rising head casees; 10 insulation materials; Mould in 11 steel ingots.
Fig. 4 is 40 tons of rising pouring steel ingot fraction solid result of calculations.
Fig. 5 is 40 tons of rising pouring steel ingot shrinkage cavity result of calculations.
Fig. 6 is 100 tons of vacuum pouring steel ingot fraction solid result of calculations.
Fig. 7 is 100 tons of vacuum pouring steel ingot shrinkage cavity result of calculations.
Fig. 8 is 459 tons of vacuum pouring steel ingot temperature field result of calculations.
Fig. 9 is 459 tons of vacuum pouring steel ingot shrinkage cavity result of calculations.
The specific embodiment
The method that the present invention suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation is as follows:
The heat insulation effect that emits mouth structure can significantly improve rising head of the present invention's design makes steel ingot top molten steel keep high temperature, helps keeping the steel ingot head temperature.The service life of utilizing the multilayer Feeder Design to improve rising head, reduce the rising head manufacturing cost, improved the heat insulation effect of rising head by the multilayer insulation technology; Utilize the design of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material to guarantee the temperature of rising head root, the phenomenon of avoiding the rising head root temperature to reduce guarantees that the feeding passage of rising head is unimpeded, makes riser metal liquid carry out feeding to the steel ingot body, eliminate the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect, improve stock utilization thereby alleviate rising head weight.
The service life of adopting two-layer rising head case design to improve rising head case mould, reduce the manufacturing cost of rising head case, traditional rising head case mould is global design, rising head case mould bottom contacts with molten metal, be subjected to the erosion of molten metal easily, being heated cracks, falls piece and cause mold integral to be scrapped, and causes the reduction of rising head root temperature to hinder the feeding passage of molten metal in addition easily.The situation that the design of two-layer rising head case mould has avoided rising head case mold integral to scrap has improved the heat insulation effect of rising head.
At the outer special-shaped heat preserving refractory material of placing of rising head case bed die, avoid the reduction of rising head root molten metal temperature, ensure the unimpeded of riser feeding passage.The special-shaped heat preserving refractory material has avoided mould directly to contact with molten metal simultaneously, improves die life.
As shown in Figure 3, the device that the present invention suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation mainly comprises: mould 11 etc. in rising head case 9, insulation material 10, the steel ingot, rising head case 9 is arranged at mould 11 tops in the steel ingot, is provided with insulation material 10 in rising head case 9 and the steel ingot between the mould 11.
As shown in Figure 1, insulated feeder case of the present invention mainly comprises: rising head patrix 1, insulation heat-insulating shield 2, refractory material 3, porous thermal insulating material 4, bolt 5, special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6, heat-preservation cotton material 7, rising head counterdie 8 etc., rising head patrix 1 is connected with rising head counterdie 8 by bolt 5, in connection procedure, heat-preservation cotton material 7 is fixed between rising head patrix 1 and the rising head counterdie 8, after the mould assembling, will be incubated heat-insulating shield 2 or heat-preservation cotton and be placed on rising head steel ingot patrix inner surface; Special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6 is placed on the rising head counterdie 8; Porous thermal insulating material 4 is positioned at insulation heat-insulating shield 2 or heat-preservation cotton skin on special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6, refractory material 3 is placed on the skin that is positioned at porous thermal insulating material 4 above the special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention adopts special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6 to be the flange shape, and an end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 6 is the protruding end, and this end extends rising head counterdie 8 inboards, is close to the inwall of rising head counterdie 8; The other end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material 4 is the upper surface that is overlapped in rising head counterdie 8.This structural design helps the fixing of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material and changes, and improves the service life and the heat insulation effect of whole insulated feeder.
During the assembling of steel ingot mould, the rising head case is preheating to 500-1000 ℃ to be assembled, elder generation is in place the bed die and the middle mould of steel ingot before assembling, and places the thick insulation material of 1-10mm at the middle mould top of steel ingot, slit scattering and disappearing to energy between transmission of mould heat and the mould in the placement steel ingot.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
It is independent Feeder Design that steel ingot prepares rising head case mould, separates with ingot body mould, and rising head case mould is divided into double-layer structure up and down, and as shown in Figure 1, mold materials is gray iron HT250 on the rising head, and mold materials is Q235 under the rising head.The rising head upper mold is connected by bolt with the rising head lower mold, places aluminium silicate wool between rising head upper mold and the rising head lower mold, and thickness is 5mm.Establish three-decker in the insulated feeder upper mold, the skin that contacts with mould is the insulation asbestos board, and thickness is 10mm; The intermediate layer is light porous alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton, and thickness is 30mm; The internal layer that contacts with molten steel is an alumina firebrick, and thickness is 50mm; The tapering of rising head is 20%.Settle alumina firebrick between rising head lower metal mould and the molten metal, thickness is 15mm.The rising head understructure comprises special-shaped heat preserving refractory material size, and its internal diameter is than the little 40mm of steel ingot ingot body mould.Before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case comprises that inner insulation material is preheating to 500 ℃, places the thick insulation asbestos cloth of 2mm between rising head case and the steel ingot ingot body mould during mould assembling.
40 tons of casting of molten metal weight, the duration of pouring, 10min poured into a mould under the atmosphere, pouring temperature is 1590 ℃, by weight percentage, and 508-3 low-alloy steel chemical composition: C:0.18%, Si:0.20%, Mn:1.45%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:0.75%, Cr:0.15, P≤0.005%, S≤0.002%, Fe surplus.After cast finishes, fill exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent in rising head top, its fraction solid result of calculation as shown in Figure 4, as can be seen, the steel ingot consecutive solidification, riser feeding is good.Shrinkage cavity is loosened result of calculation as shown in Figure 5, and as can be seen, steel ingot inside does not almost have shrinkage cavity and dredges defective.
It is independent Feeder Design that steel ingot prepares rising head case mould, separates with ingot body mould, and rising head case mould is divided into double-layer structure up and down, and as shown in Figure 1, mold materials is gray iron HT150 on the rising head, and mold materials is gray iron HT250 under the rising head.The rising head upper mold is connected by bolt with the rising head lower mold, places aluminium silicate wool between rising head upper mold and the rising head lower mold, and thickness is 10mm.Establish three-decker in the insulated feeder upper mold, the skin that contacts with mould is the insulation asbestos board, and thickness is 20mm; The intermediate layer is light porous high-alumina brick, and thickness is 50mm; The internal layer that contacts with molten steel is an alumina firebrick, and thickness is 80mm; The tapering of rising head is 18%.Settle alumina firebrick between rising head lower metal mould and the molten metal, thickness is 40mm.The rising head understructure comprises special-shaped heat preserving refractory material size, and its internal diameter is than the little 80mm of steel ingot ingot body mould.Before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case comprises that inner insulation material is preheating to 600 ℃, places the thick insulation aluminium silicate wool of 3mm between rising head case and the steel ingot ingot body mould during mould assembling.
100 tons of casting of molten metal weight, the duration of pouring 40min, vacuum pouring, pouring temperature is 1590 ℃, by weight percentage, 20SiMn low-alloy steel chemical composition: C:0.21%, Si:0.80%, Mn:1.25%, Mo:0.05%, P≤0.005%, S≤0.002%, Fe surplus.After cast finishes, fill exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent in rising head top, its fraction solid result of calculation as shown in Figure 6, steel ingot consecutive solidification as can be seen, riser feeding is good.Shrinkage cavity is loosened result of calculation as shown in Figure 7, and as can be seen, steel ingot inside does not almost have the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect.
Mold materials is gray iron HT150 on the rising head, and mold materials is Q345 under the rising head.The rising head upper mold is connected by bolt with the rising head lower mold, places aluminium silicate wool between rising head upper mold and the rising head lower mold, and thickness is 8mm.Establish three-decker in the insulated feeder upper mold, the skin that contacts with mould is the high aluminum wool of insulation, and thickness is 40mm; The intermediate layer is light porous high alumina insulating brick, and thickness is 60mm; The internal layer that contacts with molten steel is a high alumina one-level refractory brick, and thickness is 70mm; The tapering of rising head is 17%.Settle alumina firebrick between rising head lower metal mould and the molten metal, thickness is 50mm.The rising head understructure comprises special-shaped heat preserving refractory material size, and its internal diameter is than the little 80mm of steel ingot ingot body mould.Before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case comprises that inner insulation material is preheating to 700 ℃, places the high aluminum wool of the thick insulation of 4mm between rising head case and the steel ingot ingot body mould during mould assembling.
459 tons of casting of molten metal weight, the duration of pouring 80min, vacuum pouring, pouring temperature is 1560 ℃, by weight percentage, Cr2 high carbon alloy steel chemical composition: C:0.6%, Si:0.40%, Mn:1.05%, Cr:0.15, P≤0.005%, S≤0.002%, Fe surplus.After cast finishes, fill exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent in rising head top, its temperature field result of calculation as shown in Figure 8, as can be seen, the steel ingot consecutive solidification, riser feeding is good.Shrinkage cavity is loosened result of calculation as shown in Figure 9, and as can be seen, steel ingot inside has only a small amount of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
The service life that the multilayer Feeder Design of the present invention's design has improved rising head, reduce the rising head manufacturing cost, improved the heat insulation effect of rising head by the multilayer insulation technology; Utilize the design of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material to guarantee the temperature of rising head root, the phenomenon of avoiding the rising head root temperature to reduce guarantees that the feeding passage of rising head is unimpeded, makes riser metal liquid carry out feeding to the steel ingot body, eliminate the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect, improve stock utilization thereby alleviate rising head weight.
The result of embodiment shows, the service life of adopting two-layer rising head case design to improve the rising head mould, reduce the manufacturing cost of rising head case, traditional rising head case mould is global design, rising head mould bottom contacts with molten metal, be subjected to the erosion of molten metal easily, being heated cracks, falls piece and cause mold integral to be scrapped, and causes the reduction of rising head root temperature to hinder the feeding passage of molten metal in addition easily.The situation that the design of two-layer rising head mould has avoided the rising head mold integral to scrap has improved the heat insulation effect of rising head, is applicable to the manufacturing of the large-scale steel ingot of various materials such as carbon steel or steel alloy.
Claims (8)
1. a high-quality, high yield steel ingot preparation method is characterized in that,
1) independent split insulated feeder, rising head split designing technique are adopted in the steel ingot preparation;
2) riser head heat-preserving designing technique, rising head tapering are 3～30%;
3) before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case is preheating to 500 ℃-1000 ℃;
When 4) mould assembles, place the thick insulation material of 1-10mm between rising head case and the ingot mould;
5) the steel ingot material is carbon steel or steel alloy.
2. according to the described high-quality of claim 1, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that, rising head case mould is independent Feeder Design, separate with the ingot body mould of steel ingot, rising head case mould is divided into double-layer structure up and down, the rising head upper mold supports insulation material, and the rising head lower mold is insulation material fixedly, and rising head case mold materials is grey cast-iron, magnesium iron or cast steel material.
3. according to the described high-quality of claim 2, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that, the rising head upper mold is connected by bolt with the rising head lower mold, places the heat-preservation cotton material between rising head upper mold and the rising head lower mold, and the heat-preservation cotton material thickness is 1-50mm.
4. according to the described high-quality of claim 1, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that, establish three-decker in the rising head upper mold, the skin that contacts with mould is insulation heat-insulating shield or heat-preservation cotton, and thickness is 5-50mm; The intermediate layer is the porous thermal insulating material, and thickness is 20-80mm; The internal layer that contacts with molten steel is a refractory material, and thickness is 50-80mm.
5. according to the described high-quality of claim 4, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that settle the thermal insulation fire-resistant material between rising head lower mold and the molten metal, thickness is 10-80mm.
6. according to the described high-quality of claim 5, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that rising head lower mold structure comprises the size of thermal insulation fire-resistant material, the internal diameter of thermal insulation fire-resistant material is than the little 20-120mm of steel ingot ingot body mould.
7. according to the described high-quality of claim 5, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that, the thermal insulation fire-resistant material adopts the special-shaped heat preserving refractory material, the special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the flange shape, one end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the protruding end, this end extends rising head counterdie inboard, is close to the inwall of rising head counterdie; The other end of special-shaped heat preserving refractory material is the upper surface that is overlapped in the rising head counterdie.
8. according to the described high-quality of claim 1, high yield steel ingot preparation method, it is characterized in that before the pouring molten steel, the rising head case comprises that inner insulation material integral body is preheating to 500 ℃-1000 ℃.
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| CN103008577A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-04-03 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method and mold for microdefect high-utilization rate high-quality static ingot |
| CN104249132A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-31 | 江苏天工工模具钢工程技术研究中心有限公司 | Steel ingot mould |
| CN104308097A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Novel ingot mold for enhancing quality and increasing utilization ratio of steel ingot |
| CN107651947A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-02-02 | 郑州远东耐火材料有限公司 | Fused cast refractories cast complex heat-preservation case |
| CN111331087A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Die casting heat insulation plate mounting structure and die casting demolding method |
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| CN107651947A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-02-02 | 郑州远东耐火材料有限公司 | Fused cast refractories cast complex heat-preservation case |
| CN107651947B (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2022-08-26 | 郑州远东耐火材料有限公司 | Composite insulation can for casting electric melting brick |
| CN111331087A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-06-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Die casting heat insulation plate mounting structure and die casting demolding method |
| CN112570698A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-03-30 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Bottom pouring tank for pouring large high-purity steel ingot |
| CN112570698B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-11-18 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Bottom pouring tank for pouring large high-purity steel ingot |
| CN112756567A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-07 | 天津重型装备工程研究有限公司 | Refractory layer of heat preservation cap, building method of refractory layer and heat preservation cap |
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