The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of casting device of super-large composite-material caststeel bearing roller more than 100 tonnes, can solve crackle, shrinkage cavity and the loose problem of large cast steel support roller effectively, make the production domesticization of ultra-large type cast steel support roller become possibility.
The technical solution of the utility model is:
The utility model mainly is meant in ultra-large type cast steel support roller preparation process more than 100 tonnes, Design of Runner System, device for sand coated iron mould technology, tangent type ingate the advanced person rotate on the technical foundation such as filling method, consecutive solidification technology, slip roll neck technology, electrical heating riser head technology, computer modeling technique, these contents have been included in Chinese patent application (patent No. ZL200410021595.5, the applying date: on August 2nd, 2004, title: cast steel support roller integral casting method; Application number 200610048038.1, October 18 2006 applying date, title: process for preparing large cast steel support roller).The pouring technology that the utility model has mainly adopted the flushing of making a bet to combine with last notes, and designed corresponding mould and equipment; Adopt the unlike material molten steel to pour into a mould, carried out molten steel insulation and running channel heat preservation technology; Adopted and repeatedly organized case, technology such as electric-heating technology and compound rising head repeatedly.
1, the flushing placing that combines with last notes of making a bet
(1) douching technique of making a bet: adopt advanced Design of Runner System principle, design no air gap and steadily fill the type running gate system.This running gate system is made up of wedge sprue, cross gate and tangent line shape ingate, and molten steel weight and poring rate according to cast are provided with 1-4 running gate system circumferentially, and a plurality of running gate systems are poured into a mould simultaneously.First kind of molten metal all adopts injecting method cast down, and molten metal waters the body of roll when above, stops the cast of first kind of molten metal.When first kind of molten metal forms certain thickness shell in die cavity after, begin to pour into second kind of molten metal, and replace the part of not solidifying of first kind of molten metal with second kind of molten metal.
(2) go up the notes technology: molten metal directly pours into from foundry goods die cavity top (rising head end), last roll neck case and emit notch portion all to adopt injecting method to pour into a mould.
(3) cast effect: the flushing of making a bet earlier, can finish the composite cast, obtain the roll of surface and heart portion unlike material.After go up notes, and carry out electrical heat tracing, can reduce to crack, shrinkage cavity, loose tendency.
(4) pouring procedure: the process of making a bet adopts steadily fills the type running gate system.In casting process, when molten metal flows, be in full state in sprue.When molten metal reaches more than the body of roll, when overflow launder is following, suspend cast.After 30~180 minutes, first kind of molten metal formed certain thickness solidification layer, begins to pour into a mould second kind of molten metal, carries out with the form of making a bet equally.Along with pouring into of second kind of molten metal, first kind of molten metal do not solidify part and is ejected overflow launder gradually, flows to ladle.When first kind of molten metal do not solidify after part all overflows, finish flushing cast, suspend cast, the sealing overflow launder, and beginning adds electroslag to metal bath surface, carries out electrical heat tracing.Heat after 30 minutes, begin to go up and annotate.The last roll neck that overflow launder is above and emit notch portion to adopt to go up the notes technology and pour into a mould is directly poured into a mould from the die cavity top.After steel ladle is aimed at die cavity, begin cast.During last notes, in order to reduce aerial open-assembly time of molten steel and the molten steel impulsive force to die cavity, steel ladle will reduce as far as possible.
2, overflow launder and ladle are set
(1) overflow launder: in die design process, an overflow mechanism is set on last roll neck case, overflow launder is apart from last roll neck case bottom surface 200-300mm.Its shape is as the lander of melting furnace, and skin is trapezoidal steel plate groove, inner building heat-insulation brick.
(2) ladle: ladle is similar to steel ladle, and the metal liquid measure that volume is got rid of according to casting process is set.Be generally 50~200 tons.Skin is a steel plate structure, and internal layer is built by laying bricks or stones with insulating brick.
(3) main effect: the effect of overflow launder is in casting process, after second kind of molten metal enters die cavity, first kind of molten metal is got rid of smoothly from overflow launder.The effect of ladle is to hold the molten metal of being got rid of, and behind casting complete, with the synthetic steel ingot of molten metal.
(4) using method: in the modeling process overflow launder is arranged on the roll neck case, it is unimpeded that inner chamber and die cavity keep.After second kind of molten metal entered die cavity, metal bath surface went up gradually, and when surpassing overflow launder, molten metal begins from overflow launder excessive.Molten metal enters ladle after overflow launder flows out, close ingot behind the casting complete.
3, select for use different metals liquid to pour into a mould
(1) molten metal composition: heart portion adopts quality carbon steel, and the roller surface working lining adopts steel alloy.
(2) purposes: rolling face adopts steel alloy, can increase the wearability of material, and core adopts quality carbon steel, effectively in the toughness that improves roll.
(3) using method: adopt douche to carry out composite casting, cast out body of roll working lining earlier, pour into a mould heart portion metal again, finish the casting of composite roll.
4, running gate system heat preservation technology
(1) take the insulation measure in the running gate system outside, sprue, cross gate, the ingate outside all are incubated with insulation material, and heat with induction coil.
(2) main effect: in casting process, pause for a long time, the running channel diameter is smaller, solidifies easily, and follow-up cast can not be carried out.Adopt the insulation material and the line of induction to enclose heating, can make running gate system keep liquid, whole casting process can be carried out smoothly.
(3) using method: in modeling process, all running channel refractory brick outsides are all with the heat-preservation cotton parcel, and outer felt is around induction coil.When pouring into first kind of molten metal, utilize induction coil that running channel is heated, up to cast beginning for the second time.
5, repeatedly organize case and electric-heating technology repeatedly
(1) repeatedly organizes case: in die design process, will go up the roll neck case and the rising head case is designed to the more piece case, and locate by seam between every joint case.Before making a bet for the first time, only be assembled to a certain joint case of roll neck when carrying out the mould assembling.After going up the cast end for the first time, prepare to carry out to go up the second time when annotating, just continue to assemble the remaining roll neck case of going up, as the case may be, can assemble 1 joint, also can assemble 2 joints or 3 joints.Along with the carrying out of cast, constantly increase and go up roll neck case and rising head case.
(2) repeatedly electrical heating: begin electrical heating after finishing making a bet for the second time, all carry out electrical heating between each cast, keeping the metal surface is liquid state.
(3) main effect: during molten metal generation Solid State Contraction, solid metallic can be subjected to the resistance from casting mold, and when resistance during greater than the elevated temperature strength of metal, will produce the tension crackle.Adopt repeatedly pouring technology, can make molten metal realize consecutive solidification, the body of roll and following roll neck are solidified in advance, after Solid State Contraction was finished substantially, roll neck and rising head were gone up in cast again, make deflation resistance be reduced to bottom line.Operation has reduced tension like this, has avoided the tension crackle.
(4) using method: in casting process, finish make a bet for the second time after, just begin to carry out electrical heat tracing; Before carrying out the top-pour second time, increase and go up the roll neck case, pour into a mould, carry out electrical heating again.Go up the roll neck case and the rising head case hockets with increasing.Up to watering full rising head, carry out last electrical heat tracing again.
6, the compound vocal imitation skill that emits
(1) the compound mouth structure that emits: compound rising head is made up of two parts up and down, and the first half is a sand mold, and the latter half is built by laying bricks or stones by insulating brick and formed.It is 1000~2500mm that sand mold height 200~1500mm, insulating brick build layer height by laying bricks or stones.
(2) main effect: compound rising head the first half has stronger heat-resisting ability and corrosion resistance.The latter half insulating brick can increase the feeding distance of rising head, and it is loose to reduce axis.
(3) using method: in modeling process, earlier insulating brick is surrounded cylindrical shape, tie, put into the rising head case, knock floor sand, hit till the reality in the insulating brick back with steel band.After the latter half moulding is finished, the first half sand mold, the common quartz sand of facing sand chromite sand, floor sand.
3, electrical heating process repeatedly
(1) electrical heating riser head structure: the used electrical heating riser head of the utility model is that electroslag adds hot riser.Electroslag adds hot riser and is made up of heating electrode and electroslag, and electrode is a graphite electrode, and electroslag is Al
2O
3, CaO and CaF mixture.By weight, Al
2O
3Account for 30~70%, CaO accounts for 10~15%, CaF
2Account for 20~50%.3 kinds of electroslag raw materials are placed with splitting before use, use to add in the molten bath by weight percentage.After filling the type end, add electroslag in rising head, electroslag covers whole liquid level, electroslag thickness 50~150mm; Power to graphite electrode by electric supply installation then, rising head is carried out heat tracing; Adopt single electrode or multi-electrode, direct current or interchange electroslag heat tracing.
(2) electrical heating riser head purposes: the rising pouring foundry goods is in casting process, and the temperature above the molten metal is low, and following temperature height is unfavorable for feeding.Carry out electrical heating in the interstage, it is liquid mainly keeping metal bath surface, makes foundry goods the cold shut defective not occur.Final electrically heated effect is with top molten metal heating, forms positive thermograde, helps rising head and finishes feeding.
(3) using method: electrical heating voltage is 50~100V, and electric current is 500~1500A, and transformer efficiency is 25~150KW.Determine that in the time of need pouring into a mould, electrical heating just temporarily stops next time middle heat time heating time by the cast requirement.The final electrical heating time is determined according to the rising head size, concrete time such as table 1.
Table 1 rising head diameter and the technological parameter contrast of electrical heating time
The rising head diameter |
500~700mm |
700~1000mm |
1000~1500mm |
>1500mm |
Heat time heating time (h) |
3~4 |
4~5 |
10~15 |
30~36 |
Annotate: the rising head diameter is meant the average diameter on the riser height.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
1, the casting device of the utility model super-large composite-material caststeel bearing roller more than 100 tonnes and the method combination that is multinomial technology, comprise advanced Design of Runner System principle, device for sand coated iron mould technology, tangent type ingate rotation filling method, consecutive solidification technology, slip roll neck technology, the douche of making a bet combine with last notes technology, repeatedly organize box technology, repeatedly placing, repeatedly electric-heating technology and the compound vocal imitation skill that emits.The utility model is applicable to the casting process of the composite cast steel support roller of 100 tonnes of various models of higher level and specification, can make the ultra-large type cast steel support roller utilize casting method manufacturing.
2, the utility model has been developed the casting method of ultra-large type composite cast steel support roller more than 100 tonnes, and the placing that adopts the douche of making a bet to combine with last notes has been poured into a mould the cast steel support roller of composite.Body of roll working lining and heart portion adopt unlike material; by design overflow launder, ladle etc.; adopt measures such as running channel heat preservation technology and liquid level protection; carried out repeatedly cast; reduced riser height; reduced the static pressure of molten metal; reduced the resistance of casting mold to foundry goods; avoided the generation of tension crackle; adopt and repeatedly to organize case and repeatedly electrical heating and the compound vocal imitation skill that emits; solved the crackle, shrinkage cavity of cast steel support roller, problem such as loose effectively, made the production domesticization of ultra-large type cast steel support roller become possibility.
3, the utility model adopts the molten steel of two kinds of materials to pour into a mould, and makes the roll working lining different with heart portion material, has increased the wearability of roll, has guaranteed the toughness of roll, the service life of having improved roll.
4, the utility model adopts the compound vocal imitation skill that emits, and has increased the riser feeding distance, has strengthened the riser feeding ability, has reduced foundry goods and has produced shrinkage cavity, loose tendency, has reduced the rising head volume, has improved the possibility of casting forming.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the utility model is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, compound ultra-large type cast steel support roller casting device schematic diagram more than 100 tonnes of the present utility model, the utility model adopts static composite casting, the body of roll of mould adopts device for sand coated iron mould, following roll neck, last roll neck adopt sand mold, and rising head is compound rising head, and the rising head lower surface adopts insulating brick, the back floor sand, sand mold is adopted on rising head top.Set gradually base 16 from the bottom to top, descend roll neck case 5 on roll neck case 15, body of roll swage 14, the first segment, the last roll neck case 6 of second joint, first segment rising head case 7, second to save rising head case 8 etc.When assembling mould before the cast for the first time, only be assembled to roll neck case 5 on the first segment.First kind of molten metal 1 enters die cavity by tundish 11, sprue 12, the cross gate 17 of being with plunger system, after first kind of molten metal is full of body of roll swage 14, closes the stopper rod 18 of tundish 11, stops to make a bet of first segment molten metal 1.When pouring into first kind of molten metal 1, sprue 12 and cross gate 17 are carried out eddy-current heating, after second kind of molten metal 3 enters the foundry goods die cavity, stop the eddy-current heating of running channel.After 30~180 minutes, second kind of molten metal 3 by tundish 11, place sprue 12 and cross gates 17 in the sand mold 13 to enter the foundry goods die cavity, and with not solidified first kind of molten metal in the die cavity 1 top upwards, when liquid level reaches overflow launder 4, first kind of molten metal 1 flows in the ladle 2 through overflow launder 4, all overflow up to not solidified first kind of molten metal 1, stop to make a bet of second kind of molten metal 3, close overflow launder 4.On first segment, add electroslag 9 in the roll neck case, the position of adjusting graphite electrode 10, electrical heating is carried out in beginning in the roll neck case 5 on first segment.Heat after 30~180 minutes, graphite electrode 10 removed, ladle is aimed at roll neck case 5 on the first segment, begin go up to annotate, water full after, carry out electrical heating once more.This process is carried out successively, up to being full of the second joint rising head case, carries out last electrical heat tracing.The merogenesis quantity of last roll neck case and rising head case is decided on the weight and the length of roll.
Embodiment 1
The used first kind of metal material of present embodiment is Cr1, and second kind of metal is No. 45 steel, 150 tons of casting of molten metal weight.Its casting technique is as follows:
1) running gate system of making a bet adopts tangent line shape ingate rotary casting, according to the principle design tundish and the running gate system of steadily filling type, and adopts the running channel heat preservation technology.2) compound rising head, riser height are 2800mm, the high 1500mm of sand mold wherein, the high 1300mm of refractory brick.3) adopt 4 group casees, 6 cast, 5 electrical heating process.Molten metal is full of the final electrical heating 12h after the running gate system.Be assembled to top roll neck first segment case when 4) assembling mould for the first time, first kind of molten metal made a bet by the designed type running gate system of steadily filling, and adopts the double teeming road, fills type with 9 tons/minute poring rate, after molten metal is full of body of roll swage, stops cast.After first kind of molten metal begins cast, running channel is carried out eddy-current heating, stop heating up to pouring into second kind of molten metal.After 60 minutes, pour into second kind of molten metal, after not solidified first kind of molten metal all overflows, close overflow launder, stop to make a bet of second kind of molten metal.On first segment, add electroslag in the roll neck case, the beginning electrical heat tracing.Heat after 30 minutes, remove graphite electrode, ladle is aimed at roll neck case on the first segment, begin from the first segment the roll neck box top and annotate, water on the full first segment behind the roll neck case, carry out electrical heating once more.After the electrical heating 60 minutes, remove graphite electrode, assembling second joint is gone up the roll neck case, carries out going up second time and annotates, and waters full second joint upward behind the roll neck case, carry out electrical heating once more, after the electrical heating 70 minutes, remove graphite electrode, assembling first segment rising head case, be to annotate equally from first segment rising head box top, after molten metal is full of first segment rising head case, add electroslag, the beginning electrical heating, heat after 90 minutes, the assembling second joint rising head case carries out for the last time after cast finishes, adding electroslag from top pouring in the second joint rising head case, carry out final electrical heat tracing, heat time heating time 12h.In the present embodiment, the insulation electroslag is Al
2O
3, CaO and CaF
2Mixture, by weight, Al
2O
3Account for 40%, CaO accounts for 10%, CaF
2Account for 50%, electroslag thickness 120mm.Electric current is 800A, and voltage is 125V, and heating power is 100kw.
Cast is for the first time finished smoothly, and molten steel rises is steady.After the electrical heating, electric heating equipment is working properly.The compound cast steel supporting roll of being produced carries out Ultrasonic Detection through after the machining, meets the roll non-destructive testing standard.
Embodiment 2
The used first kind of metal material of present embodiment is Cr2, and second kind of metal is No. 45 steel, 155 tons of casting of molten metal weight.Its casting technique is as follows:
1) running gate system of making a bet adopts tangent line shape ingate rotary casting, according to the principle design tundish and the running gate system of steadily filling type, and adopts the running channel heat preservation technology.2) compound rising head, riser height are 2800mm, the high 1500mm of sand mold wherein, the high 1300mm of refractory brick.3) adopt 4 group casees, 6 cast, 5 electrical heating process.Molten metal is full of the final electrical heating 13h after the running gate system.Be assembled to top roll neck first segment case when 4) assembling mould for the first time, first kind of molten metal made a bet by the designed type running gate system of steadily filling, and adopts the double teeming road, fills type with 10 tons/minute poring rate, after molten metal is full of body of roll swage, stops cast.After first kind of molten metal begins cast, running channel is carried out eddy-current heating, when pouring into second kind of molten metal, stop heating.After 70 minutes, pour into second kind of molten metal, after not solidified first kind of molten metal all overflows, close overflow launder, stop to make a bet of second kind of molten metal.On first segment, add electroslag in the roll neck case, the beginning electrical heat tracing.Heat after 40 minutes, remove graphite electrode, ladle is aimed at roll neck case on the first segment, begin from the first segment the roll neck box top and annotate, water on the full first segment behind the roll neck case, carry out electrical heating once more.After the electrical heating 70 minutes, remove graphite electrode, assembling second joint is gone up the roll neck case, carries out going up second time and annotates, and waters full second joint upward behind the roll neck case, carry out electrical heating once more, after the electrical heating 80 minutes, remove graphite electrode, assembling first segment rising head case, be to annotate equally from first segment rising head box top, after molten metal is full of first segment rising head case, add electroslag, the beginning electrical heating, heat after 90 minutes, the assembling second joint rising head case carries out for the last time after cast finishes, adding electroslag from top pouring in the second joint rising head case, carry out final electrical heat tracing, heat time heating time 13h.In the present embodiment, the insulation electroslag is Al
2O
3, CaO and CaF
2Mixture, by weight, Al
2O
3Account for 70%, CaO accounts for 10%, CaF
2Account for 20%, electroslag thickness 150mm.Electric current is 1000A, and voltage is 150V, and electrical heating power is 150kw.
Cast is for the second time finished smoothly, and molten steel rises is steady.After the electrical heating, electric heating equipment is working properly.The compound cast steel supporting roll of being produced carries out Ultrasonic Detection through after the machining, meets the roll non-destructive testing standard.
The utility model course of work and result:
Utilize the utility model to carry out the casting of ultra-large type compound cast steel supporting roll more than 100 tonnes, in casting process, adopt the molten metal of two kinds of unlike materials, roll neck obtains different performances to make body of roll working lining and body of roll heart portion reach up and down, to satisfy the user demand of roll.Employing make a bet repeatedly group case that douche combines with last notes, repeatedly placing and running channel heat preservation technology make molten metal fill type smoothly, have avoided volume gas and inclusion defect effectively.Adopt repeatedly electric-heating technology, having guaranteed does not have the cold shut defective in the foundry goods.Adopt compound rising head, increased the feeding capacity of rising head, make large cast steel support roller not have shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.Result of detection meets national standard fully.