CN102265479B - 共振型非接触充电装置 - Google Patents

共振型非接触充电装置 Download PDF

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CN102265479B
CN102265479B CN200980152299XA CN200980152299A CN102265479B CN 102265479 B CN102265479 B CN 102265479B CN 200980152299X A CN200980152299X A CN 200980152299XA CN 200980152299 A CN200980152299 A CN 200980152299A CN 102265479 B CN102265479 B CN 102265479B
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primary side
resonance coil
high frequency
charger
control part
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CN102265479A (zh
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高田和良
铃木定典
中田健一
迫田慎平
山本幸宏
市川真士
石川哲浩
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Toyota Industries Corp
Toyota Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

共振型非接触充电装置包括：高频电源、初级侧共振线圈、次级侧共振线圈、充电器、二次电池、以及停止控制部。初级侧共振线圈从高频电源接受高频电力的供给。次级侧共振线圈与初级侧共振线圈分离地以非接触方式配置。次级侧共振线圈通过初级侧共振线圈与次级侧共振线圈的磁场共振从初级侧共振线圈接受电力。充电器从次级侧共振线圈接受高频电力的供给。二次电池连接于充电器。停止控制部在充电停止时使高频电源先于充电器停止。

Description

共振型非接触充电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及共振型非接触充电装置。
背景技术
例如在专利文献1中公开了一种共振方式的电力传输系统，该电力传输系统以无线方式从送电侧的初级侧共振线圈对相对于该初级侧共振线圈分离配置受电侧的次级侧共振线圈传输电力。详细而言，在该电力传输系统中，当通过来自高频电源的交流电压使初级侧共振线圈产生交流电场时，在该初级侧共振线圈的周边产生振动磁场，然后通过共振现象电力从初级侧共振线圈传输到次级侧共振线圈。
专利文献1：国际公开特许WO/2007/008646号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在将该电力传输系统用于共振型非接触充电装置时，需要在送电侧设置高频电源和初级侧共振线圈并且在受电侧设置次级侧共振线圈和充电器。由于该电力传输系统是高频输电方式，所以当使充电器先于高频电源停止时，从初级侧共振线圈向次级侧共振线圈传输的电力的一部分或全部向高频电源反射，由此存在高频电源受到破坏的风险。此外，如果使充电器先于高频电源停止，则向充电器的输入电压(共振系统的输出电压)急剧上升，存在充电器受到破坏的风险。
本发明的目的在于提供能够防止在充电停止时受到破坏的共振型非接触充电装置。
用于解决课题的手段
为了实现上述目的，本发明的共振型非接触充电装置包括：高频电源、初级侧共振线圈、次级侧共振线圈、充电器、二次电池、以及停止控制部。所述初级侧共振线圈从所述高频电源接受高频电力的供给。所述次级侧共振线圈与所述初级侧共振线圈分离地以非接触方式配置。所述次级侧共振线圈通过所述初级侧共振线圈与次级侧共振线圈的磁场共振从初级侧共振线圈接受电力。所述充电器从所述次级侧共振线圈接受高频电力的供给。所述二次电池连接于所述充电器。所述停止控制部在充电停止时使所述高频电源先于所述充电器停止。
附图说明
图1是应用了本发明实施方式的共振型非接触充电装置的汽车的概略结构图。
图2是表示图1的共振型非接触充电装置的电气结构的电路结构图。
图3是用于说明图1的共振型非接触充电装置的作用的时间图。
具体实施方式
下面，根据图1～图3说明本发明一个实施方式的共振侧非接触充电装置。
本实施方式的共振侧非接触充电装置适用于用于搭载于混合动力车的电池(二次电池)的充电系统、即用于对车载电池充电的充电装置。如图1所示，在汽车1中，在车辆的前面部例如前保险杠内部安装有次级侧共振线圈21。次级侧共振线圈21由卷绕成螺旋状的铜线构成。次级侧共振线圈21以使该次级侧共振线圈21的轴线(螺旋的中心轴)与车辆的上下方向一致的方式配置在前保险杠的内部。
在对汽车1的电池25进行充电的充电站的地板上埋设有地上侧设备10。地上侧设备10具有初级侧共振线圈11。初级侧共振线圈11由卷绕成螺旋状的铜线构成。初级侧共振线圈11以使该初级侧共振线圈11的轴线(螺旋的中心轴)相对于地面正交的方式配置。而且，在充电站中对汽车1的电池25充电时，以使初级侧共振线圈11的轴线(螺旋的中心轴)与次级侧共振线圈21的轴线(螺旋的中心轴)一致或接近的方式在充电站中配置汽车1。
图2表示共振型非接触充电装置的整体结构。地上侧设备10具备：初级侧共振线圈11、初级线圈12、高频电源(交流电源)13、以及作为初级侧控制部的电源侧控制器14。在车辆上搭载有车载侧设备20。车载侧设备20具备：次级侧共振线圈21、次级线圈22、整流器23、充电器24、作为二次电池的电池25、作为次级侧控制部的充电ECU26、以及作为次级侧控制部的车辆侧控制器27。
高频电源13例如输出数MHz程度的高频电力。在高频电源13上连接有初级线圈12。当高频电源13向初级线圈12供给高频电力时，初级侧共振线圈11通过电磁感应作用与初级线圈12耦合，其结果是电力从初级线圈12传输到初级侧共振线圈11。这样，初级侧共振线圈11从高频电源13经由初级线圈12接受高频电力的供给。即，高频经由初级线圈12从高频电源13供给到初级侧共振线圈11。在初级侧共振线圈11上连接有电容器C。
在高频电源13上连接有电源侧控制器14。电源侧控制器14向高频电源13发送用于使该高频电源开启或关闭的电源开/关信号。电源侧控制器14输入充电开始/停止信号。该充电开始/停止信号是伴随在地上侧由人进行的充电开始/停止的开关操作的信号。
次级侧共振线圈21相对于初级侧共振线圈11分离地以非接触方式配置。次级侧共振线圈21通过初级侧和次级侧共振线圈11、21的磁场共振从初级侧共振线圈11接受高频电力。次级线圈22通过电磁感应作用与次级侧共振线圈21耦合，其结果是电力从次级侧共振线圈21传输到次级线圈22。在次级线圈22上连接有整流器23。整流器23对由次级线圈22接受的电力进行整流。在次级侧共振线圈21上连接有电容器C。
在整流器23上连接有充电器24。充电器24将由整流器23整流后的电力进行升压等。充电器24具备开关元件，通过对开关元件进行导通/断开控制来调整来自充电器24的输出电压和输出电流。在充电器24上连接有电池25，来自充电器24的输出电力被充电至电池25。
在充电器24上连接有充电ECU26。在电池25充电时充电ECU26监控来自充电器24的输出电压和输出电流并控制充电器24的开关元件。此外，从充电ECU26向充电器24发送充电开/关信号，根据该信号使充电器24开启或关闭。此外，充电ECU26检测电池电压Vb。在充电ECU26上连接有车辆侧控制器27。从充电ECU26向车辆侧控制器27发送充电完成信号。向车辆侧控制器27发送点火信号和充电开始/停止信号。点火信号是车辆的点火开关的操作信号。此外，充电开始/停止信号是伴随乘车者进行的充电开始/停止的开关操作的信号。
地上侧设备10的电源侧控制器14能够与车载侧设备20的车辆侧控制器27以无线方式相互通信。
下面使用图3的时间图说明这样构成的共振型非接触充电装置的工作。
在图3中，地上侧的人或乘车者在t1所示的定时对充电开始开关进行开启操作。然后，充电开始信号被发送到电源侧控制器14或车辆侧控制器27。电源侧控制器14和车辆侧控制器27通过无线通信共有充电开始开关的开启操作信息。电源侧控制器14向高频电源13输出高电平的电源开/关信号。即，电源侧控制器14向高频电源13输出电源开启指令。此外，车辆侧控制器27向充电ECU26输出充电开始指令。由此，充电ECU26向充电器24输出高电平的充电开/关信号。即，充电ECU26向充电器24输出充电开启指令。
这样，充电器14开始充电，电池电压Vb上升。当电池电压Vb达到预先设定的阈值时(图3的t2所示的定时)，充电ECU26开始经时动作。然后，充电ECU26在从超过阈值起经过预定的充电时间Tc时(图3的t3所示的定时)，充电ECU26判断为对电池25的充电完成，向车辆侧控制器27输出充电完成信号。
车辆侧控制器27在从充电ECU26输入充电完成信号时，通过无线通信向电源侧控制器14通知充电已完成。这样，电源侧控制器14马上向高频电源13输出低电平的电源开/关信号。即，电源侧控制器14向高频电源13输出电源关闭指令。由此，高频电源13关闭。
此外，充电ECU26在从经过了预定的充电时间Tc起(从图3的t3所示的定时起)经过预先确定的延迟时间Td时(图3的t4所示的定时)，向充电器24输出低电平的充电开/关信号。即，充电ECU26向充电器24输出充电关闭指令。由此充电器24关闭。
这样，电源侧控制器14、车辆侧控制器27和充电ECU26在停止充电时相互协同工作，使得在关闭作为初级侧的装置的高频电源13之后关闭作为次级侧的装置的充电器24。即，在充电ECU26判断为充电已完成的情况下，先停止高频电源13，然后停止充电器24。
共振型非接触充电装置，由于是高频输电方式，所以当使充电器24先于高频电源13停止时，从初级侧共振线圈向次级侧共振线圈传输的电力的一部分或全部向高频电源反射，由此存在高频电源13受到破坏的可能性。具体而言，向高频电源13反射的电力转换成热而使高频电源13过热。此外，如果先于高频电源13停止充电器24，则充电器24的输入端子的电压上升，充电器24受到破坏。与此相对，本实施方式中使作为初级侧的装置的高频电源13先于作为次级侧的装置的充电器24停止。因此，能够防止由于反射电力使高频电源13受到破坏并且充电器24的输入端子的电压也不会上升。
本实施方式具有如下优点。
(1)共振型非接触充电装置除了具有高频电源13、初级侧共振线圈11、次级侧共振线圈21、以及充电器24之外，还具有停止控制部(电源侧控制器14、车辆侧控制器27、以及充电ECU26)。停止控制部在充电停止时使高频电源13先于充电器24停止。由此，能够防止在充电停止时由于反射电力使高频电源13受到破坏并且能够防止在充电停止时充电器24受到破坏。
(2)高频电源13和初级侧共振线圈11设置在地上侧，次级侧共振线圈21、充电器24和电池25搭载于车辆，所以在实用上优选。
本发明不限于上述实施方式，例如可以如下所述进行具体化。
在包括充电器24的充电系统和/或充电系统以外的车辆系统等异常时也同样地可以先停止高频电源13，然后停止充电器24。具体而言，在向图2的车辆侧控制器27输入车辆异常信号等时即系统异常时，车辆侧控制器27在使高频电源13停止后使充电器24停止。车辆异常信号例如在电池过热时、或车辆侧控制器27或其他车载用控制器过热或发生故障等异常时输出。
在点火开关、充电停止开关等操作时也同样地可以先停止高频电源13，然后停止充电器24。
将共振型非接触充电装置适用于混合动力车，但也可以适用于混合动力车以外的车辆，此外可以适用于车辆以外所使用的充电装置。
初级侧共振线圈11和次级侧共振线圈21分别不限于电线卷绕成螺旋状的形状，可以是在一平面上卷绕成为漩涡状的形状。此时，线圈的轴向长度变小，能够减小在地上形成的孔的深度。
初级侧共振线圈11、初级线圈12、次级侧共振线圈21、次级线圈22的外形不限于圆形，例如也可以是四边形、六边形、三角形等多边形或椭圆形。
可以省略分别连接于初级侧共振线圈11和次级侧共振线圈21的电容器C。但是，连接两个电容器C的结构与省略电容器C的情况相比，能够降低共振频率。此外，如果共振频率相同，则与省略电容器C的情况相比，能够使初级侧共振线圈11和次级侧共振线圈21小型化。

Claims (6)

1.一种共振型非接触充电装置，包括：
高频电源；
初级侧共振线圈，其从所述高频电源接受高频电力的供给；
次级侧共振线圈，其与所述初级侧共振线圈分离地以非接触方式配置，通过所述初级侧共振线圈与次级侧共振线圈的磁场共振从初级侧共振线圈接受电力；
充电器，其从所述次级侧共振线圈接受高频电力的供给；
二次电池，其连接于所述充电器；以及
停止控制部，其在充电停止时使所述高频电源先于所述充电器而停止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共振型非接触充电装置，其中，
所述高频电源和所述初级侧共振线圈设置于地上侧，所述次级侧共振线圈、所述充电器和所述二次电池搭载于车辆。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的共振型非接触充电装置，其中，
所述停止控制部包括：使所述高频电源启动和停止的初级侧控制部、和使所述充电器启动和停止的次级侧控制部，
所述初级侧控制部和所述次级侧控制部互相协同工作以使得所述高频电源先于所述充电器而停止。
4.根据权利要求3所述的共振型非接触充电装置，其中，
在充电停止时，所述次级侧控制部向所述初级侧控制部通知停止充电，并且在经过预定的延迟时间后使所述充电器停止，所述初级侧控制部在从所述次级侧控制部接收到停止充电的通知时使所述高频电源停止。
5.根据权利要求3所述的共振型非接触充电装置，其中，
所述初级侧控制部和所述次级侧控制部能够以无线方式相互通信。
6.根据权利要求4所述的共振型非接触充电装置，其中，
所述初级侧控制部和所述次级侧控制部能够以无线方式相互通信。
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