CN102265099B - 热交换器和合并热交换器的热水器 - Google Patents

热交换器和合并热交换器的热水器 Download PDF

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CN102265099B
CN102265099B CN200980152679.3A CN200980152679A CN102265099B CN 102265099 B CN102265099 B CN 102265099B CN 200980152679 A CN200980152679 A CN 200980152679A CN 102265099 B CN102265099 B CN 102265099B
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heat exchanger
water
water heater
heat
length
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CN102265099A (zh
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帕特里克·普塞尔
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DUX Manufacturing Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/208Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with tubes filled with heat transfer fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0472Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being helically or spirally coiled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/30Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078Heat exchanger arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

用于热水器的热交换器(10)。热交换器(10)具有第一部分(12)和第二部分(14)。热交换介质流经第一部分和第二部分。第一部分(12)的长度的大多数与待加热物质直接热交换接触,并且第二部分(14)的长度的大多数包裹绝缘材料,或者与待加热物质大体上热隔离。

Description

热交换器和合并热交换器的热水器
技术领域
本发明涉及热交换器和合并了热交换器的热水器。
本发明主要开发用于家用和商业的热水器,并且将关于这些应用来描述本发明。但是,本发明不限于这些特殊应用,并且还适合用于使用除了水之外的热传导流体的热交换器。
背景技术
已经知道了用于具有空心的,大致狭长的,U形配置的热水器的热交换器。该类型的热交换器具有均靠近热水器水箱的顶部的入口和出口,并且热交换器的长度稍小于热水器水箱的高度。高温热交换流体从热交换器的入口向下流动至热水器水箱的底部附近。然后,热交换流体被引导在大致相反的向上的方向,并从水箱的底部流动至水箱的顶部,并因此流至热交换器的出口。
当热交换流体经过热交换器时,其加热热交换器,然后热交换器将热传递至周围的水,从而升高周围水的温度。当这发生时,热交换流体的温度会下降。在这个过程中,热交换流体的下降温度可能等于周围水的上升温度。因此,在热交换器中从该点向前,热传递反向,热量从(较热)的水传递至(较冷)的传热介质。这样浪费了能量,降低了热交换器的效率并因此降低了热水器总体的效率。
发明目的
本发明的目的是基本克服或者至少改善以上缺陷。
发明概述
相应地,在第一方面,本发明提供了一种用于热水器的热交换器,该热交换器包括:
第一部分,热交换介质流过所述第一部分;以及
第二部分,所述热交换介质流过所述第二部分,
其中所述第一部分的长度的大多数与待加热物质直接热交换接触,并且所述第二部分的长度的大多数包裹有绝缘材料。
在第二方面,本发明提供了一种用于热水器的热交换器,该热交换器包括:
第一部分,热交换介质流过所述第一部分;以及
第二部分,所述热交换介质流过所述第二部分,
其中所述第一部分的长度的大多数与待加热物质直接热交换接触,并且所述第二部分的长度的大多数与待加热物质大体上热隔离。
在第三方面,本发明提供了一种热水器,其包括:
水箱,适于容纳水;
在所述水箱内的热交换器,所述热交换器包括第一部分和第二部分,热交换介质大体上沿第一方向流过所述第一部分,所述热交换介质大体上沿第二方向流过所述第二部分,所述第二方向大体上与所述第一方向相反,
其中所述第一部分的长度的大多数与所述水箱中的水直接热交换接触,并且所述第二部分的长度的大多数包裹绝缘材料。
在第四方面,本发明提供了一种热水器,其包括:
水箱,适于容纳水;
在所述水箱内的热交换器,所述热交换器包括:第一部分和第二部分,热交换介质大体上沿第一方向流过所述第一部分,所述热交换介质大体上沿第二方向流过所述第二部分,所述第二方向大体上与所述第一方向相反,
其中所述第一部分的长度的大多数与所述水箱中的水直接热交换接触,并且所述第二部分的长度的大多数与待加热物质大体上热隔离。
优选地,在所述第一部分中,所述热交换介质大体上沿第一方向流过所述第一部分,在所述第二部分中,所述热交换介质大体上沿第二方向流过所述第二部分,所述第二方向大体上与所述第一方向相反。
优选地,所述第二部分的基本全部长度都包裹绝缘材料。优选地,所述第二部分的基本全部长度都与待加热物质大体上热隔离。
在一种形式中,所述热交换器的第一部分是空心圆柱体,最优选地由盘管形成,并且所述第二部分是大致笔直的管,最优选地被放置在所述空心圆柱体内。
在另一种形式中,所述热交换器第一部分是大致笔直的管,最优选地具有外部附接至其上的热交换翼片,并且所述第二部分是大致笔直的管。
所述热交换器的第一部分优选包括入口,该入口最优选具有与其基本邻近的绝缘材料的长度。热交换器的第二部分优选包括出口,该出口最优选具有与其大体上邻近的绝缘材料的长度。
所述热交换器优选为大致狭长的U形形状。
所述热交换器优选包括第三部分,所述第三部分将所述第一部分的下游端连接至所述第二部分的上游端。
绝缘材料优选为在外壳内的气隙,该外壳最优选为与热交换器材料类似材料的圆柱形壳。可选地,绝缘材料是应用于所述第二部分的外表面的固体或半固体绝缘材料,例如具有与所述热交换器材料相比较低的传热系数的紧密耦合聚合物。
附图说明
现在仅通过实施例来描述本发明的优选实施方式,其中:
图1是热交换器的第一实施方式的立体图;
图2是在图1中所示的热交换器的放大局部立体图;
图3是热交换器的第二实施方式的立体图;以及
图4是在图3中所示的热交换器的放大局部视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了适于在25至500升容量的家用热水器中使用的空心热交换器10的第一实施方式。热交换器10具有大致狭长的U形配置。热交换器10具有第一部分12和第二部分14,第一部分12与第二部分14通过第三部分16相连。热交换器10还具有入口18和出口20,入口18和出口20均被放置在热水器的水箱之外,靠近其上端。
第一部分12的长度的大多数具有附接至其上的外部热交换翼片22,以增加其传热表面面积。第二部分14的长度的大多数包裹绝缘材料,该绝缘材料在第二部分14的外部和铜柱24的内部之间为气隙的形式。圆柱24的底部相对于第二部分14的外部,邻近其底部被密封。第一部分12邻近入口18的较小段26也包裹类似的绝缘材料,以当第一部分12的这段在水箱之外时,阻止向大气的热损失。
可以将不同的金属用于圆柱24,但是类似的金属降低了腐蚀风险。
热交换器10的第一部分12、第二部分14和第三部分16的空心材料优选由双壁铜管构建,这种双壁铜管的描述可以在申请人的第PCT/AU2006/001086号国际PCT专利申请中找到。双壁铜管具有6-8mm的外径。
热交换器10穿过水箱的上端中的开口,通常被安装在热水器的水箱中,并且延伸通过水箱的基本全部长度。
在使用中,相对高温的热交换器流体被泵送进热交换器10的入口18,并且通过第一部分12的长度以大致向下的方向流动。当热交换流体经过第一部分12时,热能通过第一部分12的壁被传递,并也通过翼片22被传递,使得周围水的温度升高。当热交换流体到达第一部分12的底部时,其经过第三部分16并进入第二部分14中。然后,流体以朝向出口20的相反的向上方向经过第二部分14。在热交换器流体通过第一部分12的过程中,热交换器流体将温度降低至与水箱中的(在加热的)水的温度近似相等的水平。当热交换流体流经第二部分14的长度时,绝缘材料14阻止(或至少最小化)从已加热水到热交换流体的实质热传递。这导致了从热交换流体到水的热传递的改进,从而提高了热交换器的效率,并因此提高了热水器总体的效率。
在图3和4中示出了热交换器30的第二实施方式。热交换器30与在图1和2中示出的热交换器10类似,并且类似特征由类似参考标号表示。但是,在热交换器30中,通过将第一部分12的长度的大多数形成为紧密缠绕的螺旋配置的圆筒,使第一部分12的热交换表面面积增加。此外,在热交换器30中,绝缘的第二部分14被放置在圆柱形的第一部分12内。热交换器30的第一部分12、第二部分14和第三部分16再次由在以上提及的PCT申请中描述的双壁铜管形成。
热交换器30的运行也与关于热交换器10的先前描述大体上相同。但是,当流过第一部分12的热交换流体仍以向下方向总体通过时,其这样做地同时作螺旋形运动。
为了使效率最大化,热交换器10和30被配置成使得,在使用中,制冷剂的凝点处于第一部分12的底部,以便使制冷剂以液体形式进入绝缘的第二部分14中。
尽管所描述的本发明参考了优选实施方式,但是本领域技术人员应该理解,本发明可以被包含在许多其它形式中。例如,绝缘材料可以是具有与热交换器材料相比相对较低的传热系数的紧密耦合的聚合物。还有,热交换器的第一、第二和第三部分可以由单壁管制成。

Claims (15)

1.一种热水器,包括:
水箱,适于容纳水;以及
热交换器,基本上位于所述水箱中,所述热交换器包括第一部分和第二部分,其中热交换介质流过所述第一部分以及所述热交换介质流过所述第二部分,所述第一部分的外部的长度的大多数与所述水箱中的水直接热交换接触,并且所述第二部分的外部的长度的大多数由绝缘材料包裹,所述绝缘材料包括外壳内的气隙,
其中,所述第二部分的上游端与所述第一部分的下游端流体连通,并且所述外壳密封地连接至位于或靠近所述上游端的所述第二部分的外部。
2.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中,在所述第一部分中,所述热交换介质大体上沿第一方向流动,并且在所述第二部分中,所述热交换介质大体上沿第二方向流动,所述第二方向与所述第一方向大致相反。
3.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述第二部分的基本全部长度都由所述外壳包裹。
4.如权利要求3所述的热水器,其中,所述外壳为圆柱体,并且所述气隙位于所述第二部分的外部和所述圆柱体的内部之间。
5.如以上权利要求中任一项所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器的第一部分是空心圆柱体并且所述第二部分是大致笔直的管。
6.如权利要求5所述的热水器,其中所述空心圆柱体由盘管形成。
7.如权利要求5所述的热水器,其中所述第二部分被放置在所述空心圆柱体内。
8.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器的第一部分是大致笔直的管并且所述第二部分是大致笔直的管。
9.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器的第一部分具有外部附接至其上的热交换翼片。
10.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器的第一部分包括入口。
11.如权利要求10所述的热水器,其中所述入口具有与其大体邻近的绝缘材料的长度。
12.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器的第二部分包括出口。
13.如权利要求12所述的热水器,其中所述出口具有与其大体邻近的绝缘材料的长度。
14.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器为大致狭长的U形形状。
15.如权利要求1所述的热水器,其中所述热交换器包括第三部分,所述第三部分将所述第一部分的下游端密封地连接至所述第二部分的上游端。
CN200980152679.3A 2008-12-24 2009-09-24 热交换器和合并热交换器的热水器 Expired - Fee Related CN102265099B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008906641 2008-12-24
AU2008906641A AU2008906641A0 (en) 2008-12-24 A heat exchanger and a water heater incorporating same
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CN107470049B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2023-04-18 江西远达环保有限公司 具有防汽化作用的脱硫脱硝用喷枪管
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WO2010071916A1 (en) 2010-07-01
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US20110239958A1 (en) 2011-10-06
CN102265099A (zh) 2011-11-30

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